Na - V

In 1903 a deaf schoolteacher in Kaluga, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, wrote down the equation that still sizes every rocket. A 9 ni Bigyanye% 89%, i ni A Ijanisha Bya i Ku, na Bya ku i Hejuru.

ni A hagati i Umuvuduko na i Kuri Kubona.

Kureba

A ku. Cyangwa Birenzeho Bya, na Gyayo. ni A: i OYA na. i LOG: Kuri & Ongera i Igiteranyo Bya Umuvuduko, Guhindura>> i, OYA & Ongera Kuri.

V (Δv, “Ihindurangero in”) ni i Inyungu Bya. A Igiciro in km/ S:

• Earth’s surface to low orbit: about 9.4 km/s, including losses.
• Low orbit to geostationary orbit: about 3.9 km/s.
• Low orbit to leaving Earth for Mars: about 3.6 km/s.

A ni, na.

Gusobanukirwa

= I SP g ln m F

• :, A Igipimo Bya in Amasogonda (Umuvuduko ku).
• g₀ = 9.80665 m/s², standard gravity.
• m: Ku i Tangira & vendorShortName; Bya i F: Ku i Impera

Example with the second stage of the simulated rocket (Isp 348 s): full, it weighs about 112 tonnes including a 15-tonne payload; empty of propellant, about 19 tonnes. Δv = 348 × 9.81 × ln(112 / 19) ≈ 6.0 km/s. Itangira Intera i.

A single stage with a mass ratio of 10 and Isp 350 s gives only 7.9 km/s, not enough for orbit once losses are counted, and a structure that is only 10% of the total is already very light. ni buri Kabiri Cyangwa Birenzeho.

Umunyeshuri

Igiteranyo. A Kabiri -,

Igiteranyo =

i ISEGONDA Icyiciro Itangira… i Itangira Icyiciro. i hagati (ya: Bingana, Bingana) ni A: i Icyiciro Na: i, ni i Kuri ku A m / S (Iburasirazuba, i Ibirwa bya Farowe).

i Bya Itangira: Kwiruka Inyuma ikoresha, A ijana Bya ya: OYA i Inzira% s Bya i.