Ezinye iilwimi kule ndawo zingaguqulelwa ngematshini kwaye zingaquka iimposiso. Uncedo lokuyilungisa Funda isiNgesi esibhaliweyo
Iilanga zesixeko kunye nenyanga ngaphaya kwecala lemini lehlabathi, ibonakala kwisikhululo senqwelomoya esiphakathi mazwe.
Inkqubo ye-Red

Uthuli olubonakalayo

Sikhusela okusivayo nokuphefumla. Okusinokubona mihla le kusenza sizive sikhululekile, siziva sikhuselekile kwaye sizithande indawo yethu ngokufanayo.

NASA

Uthuli olubonakalayo luyingozi kunye nokungahambi kakuhle okubangela ukuba siphile kwindawo engekhoyo: ukutyhala iinqanawa, izithuthi kunye neendawo eziphawulweyo, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwilizwekazi nakwiindlela, nokuxhaphaza okungalungiswanga. Ayinokubakho isihloko sephephandaba kuba ayiphazamisi umntu ngokuthe ngqo. Kodwa ibiza abantu imali eninzi, itshintsha indlela abantu abaziva ngayo bekhuselekile, kwaye iindawo abantu bathanda kakhulu, iindawo ezibalulekileyo zembali, izitrato, imilambo kunye neelali ezizolileyo, zihlala ziyindawo apho kulawulwa khona.

Izinto ezibalaseleyo, nezo zingabalulekanga

Akukho nto yonke etsala ingqalelo ibangela ukusingqongileyo. Umzi umele ube nobubele.

  • Iimpawu kunye neebhodi zokushicilela, ezibekwe kakuhle, ziyinxalenye yezinto ezibonakalayo edolophini. Iimpawu zevenkile, izindlu zokubonisa ifilimu, iibhodi zentengiso kunye neziqithi ezikhanyayo zaseTokyo okanye iTimes Square ziyinxalenye yokwenza umzi uzive uphila, ukukunceda abantu bafumane indlela yabo, nokubonelela ngemisebenzi yasekhaya. Into ebalulekileyo kukubekwa kunye nobungakanani: iimpawu ezihlonipha uyilo lwesikwere, zihlala ngaphandle kweefestile zokuhlala kunye nembono yendalo, kwaye azibonisi ukukhanya okanye ukuphefumla okuninzi ukuze zikhulise abaqhubi. Imithetho elungileyo yophawu, hayi ukuthintela, yimpendulo kwiindawo ezininzi.
  • Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-mural kunye nemifanekiso yobugcisa bendlela eyenziwa ngesaziso somsebenzisi ingaguqula idonga elibi libe liphawu.
  • Ukubulala ngeegraffiti, ukupeyinta okanye ukutyhala ngaphandle kwegunya kwipropathi yabanye abantu, uthutho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nelifa, yinkqubo esetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye ibiza kakhulu yokubulala iintsholongwane ezibonakalayo kwimijikelo emininzi.
  • Izixhobo zombane kunye nonxibelelwano lwefowuni: iimasti zokudlulisela, imisonto yombane ephakamileyo kunye neengxowa-ntambo zesitrato ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwimeko yendalo kunye neendawo zesitrato kwiintsapho.
  • Ukungakhathali: iimigodi ezilahlekileyo, ifenitshala yokuhamba ephukileyo, uthuli kunye nokutywina.

Ukusetyenziswa kwegraphiti: ingxaki ebiza kakhulu kubo bonke

Ukutyhala imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kubhekwa njengendlela yokubonisa ubuso okungekho mthethweni. Abantu abahlawula iindleko zayo kwaye bephila nayo bayazibona ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ii-tag zonke ezikwitreyini, kwigumbi lokuhlambela ibhasi, kwisikolo okanye emnyango wevenkile kufuneka zicocwe, zipeyintelwe okanye zitshintshwe, kwaye le mali ivela kwiitikethi, kwiitokhwe, kwiirenti kunye neexabiso: kuzo zonke.

Ixabiso

  • Germany’s railway, Deutsche Bahn, puts the damage from graffiti at about €12 million a year, and recorded some 32,000 cases of vandalism across its network in 2024 (Bahnblogstelle, 2025).
  • I-London’s iidolophu zichitha malunga ne-£7 yezigidi ngonyaka kwigraphiti kunye neenkampani zayo zokuthutha ezingaphezu kwe-£6 yezigidi, phambi kokuba kuqikelelwa ukutshintshwa kweefestile zesikwere ezitywinwe ngamanzi ashushu, okunokuthi kubandakanye i-£10 yezigidi. INkundla yaseLondon yaqikelela ukuba iindleko ezipheleleyo kwizibonelelo zezoqoqosho laseLondon ngaphezulu kwe-£100 yezigidi ngonyaka (I-London Assembly, ngo-2002).
  • EMzantsi Melika, ixabiso le- $12 yezigidigidi ngonyaka lihlala libhekiswa kulo kucebiso lwamapolisa, nangona ubalo lokugqibela alupapashwanga (Weisel, US Department of Justice, 2009). nokuba yiyiphi na inani elipheleleyo, imimandla, iinkampani zokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya, izikolo kunye neeshishini ezincinci zonke zithatha ityala.

Iindleko zidlula kakhulu ucoceko. Iitreyini kunye neebhasi zithathwa ngaphandle kwenkonzo ukuze zicocwe, iglasi ethe tyaba nge-asidi kufuneka ibuyiselwe endaweni yokuhlamba, kwaye ukususwa okukhethekileyo kumthi omtsha, ibhloko nentsimbi engenasici kungabangela ukulimala komgangatho omele ugcinwe. Kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zembali kunye neendawo zokugcina, ubusuku olunye lwepeyinti eqhutywa ngamanzi ingabangela umonakalo oqhubekayo kwizinto eziphilayo iminyaka emininzi.

Umqeshwa wedolophu egqoke isigqubuthelo esiqinileyo nesixhobo sokuphefumla esusa uphawu lwegraphiti kwibhokisi yenkonzo kwikona yesitrato, ngomnyama nomhlophe.
Umqeshwa wedolophu ususa igraphiti kwikona kaPike neHarvard eSeattle, 1999. I-tag nganye ibiza umntu ixesha kunye nemali ukucoca. Photo: Seattle Municipal Archives, CC BY 2.0

Izinto ezibangela ukuba abantu

Iigraffiti ezinzima zitshintsha indlela indawo iziva ngayo. Abahlali nabakhenkethi bafunda oku njengesalathiso sokuba akukho mntu ulawulayo: izifundo kunye neengxelo zendawo zibonisa ukuba ukungqubana okubonakalayo, kubandakanya imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye nothuli, kuqhathaniswa nokuxhaphaza okukhulu kobundlobongela, uxanduva oluphantsi kumakhaya angaphandle kunye nokunxibelelana okuncinci nommandla (Sampson and Raudenbush, 2004). Abantu ababona ukuba indawo yabo engqongileyo ingekho phantsi kolawulo baxela ukuba banesibindi, inkanuko kunye nokukhathazeka okuninzi ngenxa yokuba ukungazinzi kubangela ukungathembeki (Ross noMirowsky, 2009); kuvavanyo olunye ukhuseleko oluphantsi lwabahlali bendawo ezingezona zintle zaziwa ngokucacileyo ngokuba akukho lawulo lukhoyo kwaye kukho uxinzelelo (Ross noMirowsky, 2001). Ukuqinisa iindawo kunceda: kwinkqubo yovavanyo oluqwalaselweyo ePhiladelphia, ukucoca nokugquma iinkuni ezilahlekileyo kunciphise ingxelo yabahlali malunga nokubulala abantu ngeepesenti ezingama-39 kunye nokuziva bekhuselekile xa bephuma ngaphandle ngeepesenti ezingama-58 (Branas et al., 2018), kwaye kuthintele uvakalelo lokuxinana phakathi kwabahlali abakwindawo engqongileyo (South et al., 2018). Uxinzelelo olukhulu luya kubakho kubo bonke abantu abangakhethanga ukushiya: abantu abadala, abantwana kunye neefama ezifumana iindleko eziphantsi.

Ingaba ukungqubana kusasazeka?

Ngo-1982 uJames Q. UWilson noGeorge Kelling bathethe kwi The Atlantic ukuba ukungabikho kolawulo olubonakalayo, lushiyelwe olungalungelwanga, lubonisa ukuba akukho mntu ukhathalele kwaye luya kukhuthaza ukuxhaphaza okubi kakhulu: i- “windows ephukileyo” (Wilson noKelling, 1982). Ubungqina obunamandla kakhulu bovavanyo lwafika kamva. Kwinkqubo yeengxelo zendawo eGroningen, eNetherlands, abaphandi bathelekiswa neendawo ezifanayo ezigcinwe zicocekile kwaye ziquka imifanekiso engumzobo. Ngeemifanekiso ezibhalwe ngamaplanga emagumbini, inani labantu abakhupha iphephandaba njengento elahlwayo likhule ukusuka kwi-33% ukuya kwi-69%, kwaye inani labo abathotyileyo imvulophu enetyala lemali elibonakalayo kwibhokisi yeposi laphinda liphindeke ukusuka kwi-13% ukuya kwi-27% (Keizer, Lindenberg and Steg, 2008).

Uvavanyo luye lwaxwanywa, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba ucacise ngokucacileyo into ebonisa ngayo. Ubungqina bokuba ukungabikho komthetho busasazeka kunamandla; ubungqina bokuba ukuphatha ngokuxhaphakileyo izigwebo ezincinci kunciphisa ubugebengu bubuthathaka kakhulu. Uhlolo lwezifundo ezili-30 lwafumanisa ukuba iinzame zokuthintela ubundlobongela zinyusa ububi bezinto ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ukuba indlela yokunceda intsapho kunye nokulungisa iingxaki, njengokucoca iindawo nokusebenza nabahlali, yasebenza kakuhle kunezo zokuqwalaselwa kwamalungu eqela (Braga, Welsh and Schnell, 2015). Isifundo asiyiyo ukuxhaphaza ngokugqithisileyo, kodwa ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubandakanye uluntu.

Isiphawuli esisuswayo kuloo mini sisenokuba sisimemo esilahlekileyo. I-tag eshiyeke kwiinyanga imele isithembiso esivunyelweyo.

Imisebenzi

  • Ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza. Uphumelele kakhulu umatshini wokutyibiliza phantsi kweenyawo waseNew York City. Ngo-1984, xa imoto yacocwa yayigcinwa icocekile: nayiphi na igraphiti entsha yasuswa kwiyure ezimbini okanye imoto yathathwa ngaphandle kwenkonzo, ngoko ke izithuthi ezipeyintiweyo aziqhubi. NgoMeyi 1989 wonke umkhosi wawungenazo imifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Iingcebiso zobupolisa base-US zixela ukuba ukususwa ngokukhawuleza kunyusa ukunciphisa imifanekiso emitsha ebhalwe ngesandla, kwaye amadolophu amaninzi ngoku ajonge ukususa iziphawuli kwiintsuku ezili-24 ukuya kwezili-48, kuba ukususwa ngokukhawuleza kukhupha inkxaso yokubonwa (Weisel, 2009).
  • Iindonga ezisemthethweni kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-mural. Inkqubo yobugcisa be-mural yasePhiladelphia yaqala ngowe-1984 njengeNtlalontle yokuQhaphazela iGraffiti yasePhiladelphia, eyasebenza nababhali abancinci begraphiti ukupeyinta imizobo ye-mural endaweni yoko (Ubugcisa be-Mural Philadelphia). I-National Gallery yaseLondon ibonelela ngemisebenzi engaphezu kwe-4,000 yobugcisa behlabathi kunye neendawo zokuhlala zasekhaya, kwaye yayiyisimboli somzi (ISixeko sasePhiladelphia). Iindonga ezichongiweyo apho abaculi bangasombulula khona ngokusemthethweni banika indawo yobuchule ngaphandle kokumisela kuyo wonke umntu.
  • Uyilo olukhuselekileyo. Ukucotha okuthintela imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kwizinto ezixhaphakileyo, ukukhanya okuhle, ukutyala njengemithi yokunyuka kwimigangatho engenanto, kunye nezithuba zabucala ezisetyenziswa kakuhle zenza ukuba ukutyhala kube nzima kwaye ukucoca kube ngaphantsi kwexabiso.
  • Ulawulo lwendawo. Iinkqubo zokuba ngumhlali wendlela, iintsuku zokulungisa ezinikezelwa ngabacebisi kunye neeapps ezilula zokungcwatywa ziguqula abahlali babe ngamagcisa endlela yabo.
Imifanekiso engumthi encinci emnyama nemhlophe ebekwe ngaphaya kwesakhiwo esisecaleni komlambo iSchuylkill ePhiladelphia.
Ukonyuko nguRebecca Rutstein, umfanekiso ongumthi owenziwe ngesicelo seSixeko sasePhiladelphia Mural Arts Program, 2019. Photo: Rebecca Rutstein, CC BY-SA 4.0

Ukufundisa abantwana ukuba ubugcisa bukhophi

Abantwana bathanda ukuzoba kumadonga, kwaye oko kukwenza ngcono. Into abafuna ukuyifunda ayikho ukuba ubugcisa bubi, kodwa ukuba idonga lilungu lomuntu, kwaye abanye abantu baphila ngento esiyibeka kuyo. Iikholeji, iintsapho kunye neeqela zentsha ziyakwazi:

  • Nika umzobo indawo. Iindonga zesikolo, izityalo ezijikeleze iindawo zokwakha, iindawo zokutyibiliza phantsi kwendlela kunye neendawo zokuhlala ziyakwazi ukuhombisa imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ecwangciswe ngabantu abadala, ngegunya nesicwangciso esithe savunyelwa ngabanye bonke.
  • Ukufundisa ukuvuma. Phambi kokuba upeyinte nantoni na, buza umnini, kwaye buza abasemagunyeni abaya kuyibona yonke imihla. Ubugcisa obubekwa abantu abazange bakhethe ukuba bube ngumvuzo.
  • Bonisa enye icala. Mncede umphathi, umqhubi webhasi okanye umthengisi ukuba acacise ukuba kubiza malini ukucoca isiphawuli, ngemali kunye nexesha.
  • Ukubonelela ngendawo yokubukela. Iiklabhu zobugcisa, iiprojekthi zencwadi yeskiti, amadonga asemthethweni kunye neengqungquthela zokuhombisa imida yomphakathi zinika abaculi abancinci indlela yokubonwa kwaye bathandeke ngayo.
  • Nceda uqaphele ukuba akukho mntu wonke ofuna ukuyenza. Abanye abantu bafuna umbala kumgangatho ngamnye; abanye bakhetha iithayile eziqhelekileyo, amakhonkrithi adala okanye isitrato esithe tyaba. Umzi ozaliswe kufuneka ube negumbi labo bobabini.
Isithuthi eside esihamba ngeenyawo phantsi kwendlela yokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya, amadonga ayo nesihlalo sayo siquka ukusuka kwisiphelo ukuya kwisiphelo iintonga ezipeyintiweyo ezinemibala.
Ugca weLeake, isithuthi esihamba ngeenyawo esiya ngaphantsi kwesitishi saseWaterloo eLondon, apho ubugcisa kumadonga buvunyelwayo. Iindonga zezomthetho ezinjengezi zinika abaculi indawo yokubukela ngaphandle kokumisela umsebenzi wabo kubantu abangayikhethanga. Umfanekiso: Maggie Jones, ipropathi yomphakathi

Iintambo zombane, ii-pylons kunye neentambo zentsimbi

Kwizinto zonke eziluncedo ezinokwenza umbono, ukuthutha amandla kunzima kakhulu. Umgca wentsimbi ophezulu unokuphatha umlambo kwikhulu; i-web yentambo eziphezulu ezinokukhanya kwendlela kwaye zifihla iisakhiwo zayo.

Umgca weentambo eziphezulu ze-voltage zidlula kwilizwe leentyatyambo kunye nemithi eDevon, eNgilani.
Iintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage zidlula kwisixeko saseSouth Hams, eDevon. Photo: Lewis Clarke, CC BY-SA 2.0

Amagqabantshintshi okuhambisa aphezulu e-voltage abalulekile: bahambisa amandla ukusuka kwiinkuni zomoya, iipaki zelanga kunye neendawo zokuvelisa amandla apho abantu behlala khona, kwaye utshintsho lweenkqubela phambili zombane luza kufuna ezininzi zazo. Kodwa indlela nalapho zibekwe khona ingxaki kubahlali abahlala ngaphaya kwazo. Uvavanyo lokuthengiswa kweendlu eQuebec lufumanisa ukuba ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo ipayini okanye intambo zayo kunganciphisa ixabiso lekhaya ngeepesenti ezi-5 ukuya ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-20, ngelixa ukufutshane nomgca wendlela yokungena, ngaphandle kokubona, akuzange kuthintele (I-Roses, 2002). Iipayili ezivulekileyo zendawo engaphandle kunye neepaki zomhlaba ziphakathi kweesakhiwo ezibonakalayo abantu abazenzayo.

Ukutywina intambo zombane kugqiba umbono kodwa hayi ityala. Iinqanawa zokudluliselwa phantsi komhlaba zibiza 5 ukuya kumaxesha angama-10 njengexabiso lokuyila iinqanawa eziphezulu (ENTSO-E ne Europacable, 2010). Ngexesha elipheleleyo lokuphila, umngcipheko uphantsi: uphando lwezobunjineli eUK lubeka iinqanawa eziphezulu kwi-£2.2 ukuya kwi-£4.2 yezigidi ngekilomitha, kuthelekiswa ne-£10.2 ukuya kwi-£24.1 yezigidi zentambo ezifunyaniweyo, kunye nomhlaba omalunga neeyure ezingama-4.7 zobomi bexabiso kwindlela enye yomzekelo (IET kunye neParsons Brinckerhoff, ngo-2012). Iintonga ezifunyaniweyo zinzima ukuzilungisa kwaye zixhathise umngxunya omde kumhlaba kunye nendawo yokuhlala. Iintambo zonikezelo lwasekhaya ezisezitratoni, iinkonzo ze-US zixelela ukuba ukwakha phantsi komhlaba kubiza iindidi ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi kuneentambo ezintsha eziphezulu, nangona intambo ezifunyanwaIYunivesithi yaseEdison yeNkqubo yoMthuthi, 2013).

Iimpendulo ezifanelekileyo zikhetha ngokucokisekileyo: phumla iilayini apho zidlula khona kwindawo entle kakhulu kunye neziko ledolophu, ubeke iilayini ezintsha kufutshane neendawo zokuqhuba ezikhoyo kwaye kude nasekhaya, sebenzisa iimodeli zeplanga eziphantsi, kwaye ugcine intambo yentsimbi yokuhamba ngeenyawo xa izithuthi ziqhutywa. EBritane enkulu, umlawuli wabeka icala i-£500 yezigidi ukumisela imigca esele ikhona phantsi komhlaba kwindawo ekhuselekileyo; eDorset, iipayini ezili-22 zahla ngo-2022 emva kokuba i-8.8 km yomgca ifunyanwe (Igridi yoMmandla, Unikezelo lweNtsebenziswano yokuBonakalisa).

Intambo enkulu yombane eneentambo zayo eziphantsi nezikhuselwe kwiibhloko zekhonkrithi kwindawo eluhlaza ekhuselweyo.
Intambo ezinkulu zithathwa ezantsi eHackney Marshes, eMpuma yeLondon ngoOktobha ka-2008; emva koko kufutshane intambo kunye nentambo enkulu zaphela. Photo: sludgegulper, CC BY-SA 2.0

Kwimimandla emininzi ekhula ngokukhawuleza, ingxaki incinane kodwa ifutshane: amakhonkco efowuni, i-intanethi kunye nentambo yombane ezidityanisiweyo phakathi kweemasti neebalcony, zidityaniswa nganye nganye kwaye azisuselwanga. Zifihla isakhiwo, zivala imithi, kwaye zingaba ngumngcipheko womlilo nokhuseleko.

Isiqhamo esiqinileyo sentambo eziphezulu kunye nentambo ejikelezayo kwisitrato saseShanghai.
Intambo eziphezulu kwisitrato saseShanghai. Photo: Jakub Hałun, CC0

Iinkqubo eziqinisekisiweyo

Ukusingqongileyo akuyi kuba yingozi. Imijikelo, abaqhubi bezothutho kunye nelizwe liphela bacocekile, bacocekile kwaye bakhanya, kwaye abaninzi balinganisela into etshintshe. Akukho mnye wabo owenzayo oko ngokungxotha abantu; bakwenza oko begqiba ngokulinganayo into efanele ukuba ibekwe esihlalweni, ke ngoko bagcina.

  • Idolophu yaseNew York: iqela elicocekileyo lesitimela esiphantsi komhlaba. Kusuka ngo-1984, xa imoto yesitimela esingaphantsi komhlaba yacocwa, ayikwazanga ukuqhuba kwakhona ngegraphiti: iziphawuli ezintsha zasuswa kwiyure ezimbini, okanye imoto yathathwa ngaphandle kwenkonzo. NgoMeyi 1989 iqela lonke layo likhululekile kwigraphiti, kuba ukupeyinta umgca webhasi akuzange kuphumelele abaphulaphuli (Weisel, 2009).
  • Philadelphia: from anti-graffiti network to open-air gallery. What began in 1984 as the Philadelphia Anti-Graffiti Network, working with young graffiti writers, has grown into Mural Arts Philadelphia, which has created more than 4,000 murals with local communities (Mural Arts Philadelphia; City of Philadelphia). Kwisixeko esifanayo, uvavanyo oluqwalaselweyo lwafumanisa ukuba ukucoca nokuhombisa iindawo ezingenanto kunyusa ingxelo yabahlali malunga nokubulala abantu ngeepesenti ezingama-39 kunye nokuziva bekhuselekile xa bephuma ngaphandle ngeepesenti ezingama-58 (Branas et al., 2018).
  • São Paulo: umzi obeka umthetho wakhe. Ngo-2006 izitrato zomzi mkhulu waseBrazil zaquka iileta zokushicilela kunye nemifanekiso emikhulu, eninzi yazo yabekwa ngokusemthethweni (BBC News, 2006). Umthetho weSixeko Esicocekileyo, osebenza ukusukela ngoJanuwari 2007, wasusa iibhodi zokushicilela zangaphandle waza wamisela umda wobungakanani beempawu zevenkile (I-Lei 14.223). Iibhodi zesaziso ezimalunga ne-15,000 zasuswa, kwaye uvavanyo lwabonisa ukuba ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-70 zabahlali bavuma (Adbusters, 2007). Umzi wafunda isifundo: abaphathi bokuqala bezinto ezicocekileyo bapeyinta ngaphezulu kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yemurali, emva kokubhiyozela iSão Paulo yasungula uluhlu lwemizobo yokuhamba ngezithuthi ukuze igcinwe (Bloomberg, 2008). I-São Paulo ikhethe impendulo eqinileyo engaqhelekanga kumzi onzima kakhulu; iindawo ezininzi ziya ku prefera imigaqo elungileyo yobungakanani, indawo kunye nokukhanya, oku kuxhaswa kule phepha.
  • I-United States: iindlela ezinomtsalane. Iindawo ezine zaseMelika kunye neendawo ezingaphezu kwe700 zikhethe ukungavumelani naziphi na iilebhile zokushicilela (Scenic America). Ezinye ezininzi imithetho emiselweyo apho uphawu luya kubekwa khona.
  • IBritane enkulu: iimasti zinyuswa. Umlawuli wabeka icala i-£500 yezigidi zokuzifaka iziqhagamshelanisi zezixhobo ezikhoyo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. KwiDorset, iimasti ezili-22 zahla ngo-2022 emva kokuba i-8.8 km yomgca yafakwa phantsi komhlaba (Igridi yoMmandla).
  • Amadolophu amaninzi anembali afihla iinqanawa eziphezulu xa iindlela ziphinde zenziwe, kwaye amisela imigaqo yobungakanani, umbala kunye nokuqaqambisa kweempawu ezindaweni zabo.
Iimoto zeNew York ezidala ezingaphantsi komhlaba eziquka imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, zihlala kwindlela yokuhamba ngetreyini evulekileyo.
Iimoto zeNew York eziphantsi komhlaba eziquka imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kwindlela yokuhamba ngetreyini eNew York City. Ngowama-1984 iNew York yasusa imifanekiso emitsha ebhalwe ngesandla kwimoto ezicocekileyo kwiintsuku ezimbini, kwaye ngoMeyi 1989 yonke iflothi yayicocekile. Photo: GiorgioBertin39, CC BY-SA 4.0

IiNkonzo

Ezi zinto zisebenza ngokuzimeleyo zipapasha izinto ezizenzayo kwaye zineemveliso onokuthi uzijonge. Nceda ujonge umsebenzi wabo kwaye, ukuba ufuna ukunceda, qaphela ukunikela kubo ngokuthe ngqo ngeewebhusayithi zabo. I Local Solar System Foundation ayihambelani nanye yazo kwaye ayifumananga nto kuzo. Phambi kokuba unikezele, funda iingxelo zeminyaka yonke kunye neeakhawunti zolawulo ngalunye.

  • IiNkcukacha zeMural ePhiladelphia (i-United States; umxhasi wayo wokufumana imali, iPhiladelphia Mural Arts Advocates, yinkampani engahlawula ityala. Creates public art with neighbourhoods, young people and people returning from prison, and has made more than 4,000 murals since 1984.
  • Gcina iBritane icocekile (i-United Kingdom, inkxaso-mali ebhalisiweyo 1071737). Imisebenzi yokuyeka uthuli notywala, kunye nokukunceda abantu bathande iindawo apho behlala khona kwaye besebenza khona, kubandakanya ukucoca ngokuzibophelela.
  • Gcina i-America intle (i-United States, engahlawulisi ityala). Iqhuba iGreat American Cleanup kunye nenethiwekhi yeengcali zasekhaya ezicwangcisa ukucoca, ubuhle nophando lweebhotile zothuli kwilizwe lonke.
  • Scenic America (i-United States, inkampani engahlawulisi ityala, yasekwa ngowe-1982). Inceda amaqela akhusele iindlela ezijongene nendalo, babhale imithetho yesiqhelo, kwaye bafunde umbhobho wezixhobo eziphezulu.

Uncedo olufumanekayo

  • Gcina ingxelo malunga negraphiti kunye nokulimala ngokukhawuleza. Iikomiti ezininzi nabasebenzi bokuhamba basebenzisa iinkqubo zekhompyutha okanye iinxeba; ukubeka ingxelo ngokukhawuleza kwenza ukuba kukwazi ukususwa ngokukhawuleza.
  • Susa iziphawuli kwipropathi yakho ngokukhawuleza, okanye ubuze ikomiti yakho ukuba inokunikezela ngokukhupha simahla.
  • Yenza okanye uqale imini yokucoca kwisitrato sakho, kwipaki okanye kwisikhululo.
  • Nceda uxhase amadonga asemthethweni kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yengca kwindawo yakho, ecwangciswe nabantu abaza kuhlala ngaphaya kwabo.
  • Ukuthetha nabantu abancinci incwadi ye-sketch okanye iprojekthi apho umsebenzi wabo ungakhazimla khona.
  • Uxhaso lokutyibilika phantsi phantsi kweentambo xa izitrato ziqhutywa, kwaye ubuze ukuba amacingo amatsha e-power abekwe njani
  • Nceda uyenze i-map. Yilungu leqela lokuxhasa ngokuzithandela kwi ibhodi yokuxhasa.

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