Rendezvous: ukuqoqa isikhumulo sezindiza

NgoDisemba 1965 iGemini 6 ne-Gemini 7 zawela ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-30 ngayinye, amakhilomitha ayi-300 ngaphezulu kweplanethi. Kuthatha iminyaka emibini yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ukufinyelela lapho: izimpi zokuqala zabonisa ukuthi ukundiza ngokuqondile eqenjini lakho, njengoba umshayeli angakwenza, akusebenzi ekujikelezeni.

Ku-orbit, ukufinyelela phezulu ukhuphuka phansi, hhayi ukukhawulela.

Bona

Konke okuse-orbit kulandela umthetho owodwa: ephansi ihamba ngokushesha. I-orbit ephansi incane futhi isithunywa sezulu sihamba ngokushesha ngaphezu kwayo, ngakho sithola noma yini ephakeme.

1. Launch into a lower orbit, behind the target. I-capsule ihlolwe ukuthi iqale ngenye indlela ngemuva kwesitezi futhi kancane ngaphansi kwayo.
2. Phasing. I-lap ngemuva kwe-lap, i-capsule ephansi ithola okuncane. Lapha, 20 km ngaphansi kwesitezi, ithola ama-degree angama-1.6 nge-orbit.
3. Izibhamu ezimbili ezincane, i-mini Hohmann transfer, ziphakamisa i-capsule esiteshini se-orbit ngasemva kwayo.
4. Indlela ephelile. Imizuzwana emikhulu edlule iqhutshwa ngokucophelela, isuka phambili kusuka emuva, ngekhompyutha ebhekene neqembu. Uma uxhumana, isivinini sokuvala siyisentimitha ezimbalwa ngesekondi.

Ukuqonda

Isikhathi se-orbital: T = 2π√(r³/μ). Nge μ = 398,600 km³/s²:

• I-capsule emamitha ayi-400 (r = amakhilomitha angama-6,778): imizuzu engu-92.6.
• Isikhumulo sezindiza esingu-420 km (r = 6,798 km): 93.0 imizuzu.

I-capsule ngayinye ijikeleza, isikhumulo sifaka kuphela 92.6/93.0 sesikhathi: i-capsule ithola u-360° × (1 − 92.6/93.0) ≈ 1.6°, cishe amakhilomitha angama-190. Ukuvala i 20° ingxenye ithatha cishe ama 13 ama-orbit, cishe amahora angama-20.

Ukudluliswa kusuka ku-400 kuya ku-420 km kuthatha 5.6 m/s ngayinye yezimoto ezimbili: ezincane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-7.7 km/s yejubane le-orbit.

Umphathi

Kusengxenyeni efanele, abanjiniyela be-rendevous basebenzisa i-Clohessy-Wiltshire (Hill) ekudleni: ukunyakaza okuqondile kwifremu ejikeleza ngengxenye efanele, no-x ohamba phambili, y ngaphaya kwendlela kanye ne-n yokunyakaza kwengxenye efanele:

yi - 3n²x - 2nẏ = 0,   ÿ + 2nʒ = 0,   z̈ + n²z = 0

Bachaza indlela ehlukile yokuziphatha: ukucindezela phambili (+ẏ) kwenza ukuthi umshayeli akhule (x ukhula) bese ehamba emuva. Izinsiza zokufinyelela zihlelwe ngakwesokudla kwe-y axis (V-bar, kusuka emuva) noma i-x axis (R-bar, kusuka ngezansi, lapho ushintsho olujwayelekile lusiza ukuvimbela), ngemithetho yokuphepha ukuze injini elahlekile ingaholela ekuhlaselweni.