I-Rendezvous: ukutsala isikhululo sendawo engaphandle

In December 1965 Gemini 6 and Gemini 7 flew within 30 centimetres of each other, 300 km above the Earth. Kwathatha iminyaka emibini yetekhnoloji kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza ukuwafumana apho: iziganeko zokuqala zabonisa ukuba ukuhamba ngokuthe ngqo kwinjongo yakho, njengokuba umqhubi angayenzanga, ayisebenzi kwindawo ejikelezayo.

Kwi orbit, ukuwafumana ukhupha phantsi, hayi ukukhawulezisa.

Bona

Zonke izinto ezikwi-orbit zilandela imithetho enye: ezantsi likhawuleza. I-orbit ephantsi ifutshane kwaye inqanawa yesibhakabhaka ihamba ngokukhawuleza ngaphaya kwayo, ngoko ke ifumana nantoni na ephakamileyo phezulu.

1. Iqhutywe kwi orbit ephantsi, ngasemva kwenjongo. Icapsule icwangcisiwe ukuba iqale ngenye indlela ngasemva kwesitishi kwaye incinane ngaphantsi kwayo.
2. Ukwahlula. Ujikelezo emva kojikelezo, icapsule ephantsi ifumana into encinci. Here, 20 km below the station, it gains 1.6 degrees per orbit.
3. Iibhombu ezimbini ezincinci, iHohmann encinci yokudlulisela, iphakamisa icapsule kwi-orbit yesikhululo ngasemva kwayo.
4. Ufikelelo olugqibeleleyo. Iimitha ezilishumi elinambini ezidlulileyo ziqhutywa ngokucothayo, zihamba ngqo phantsi kwendlela yokuhamba, ngekhompyutha ejongwa ngumqhubi. Xa uqhagamshelana nesantya sokuvala yisentimitha ezimbalwa ngesekondi.

Ukuqonda

Ixesha lokujikeleza: T = 2π√(r³/μ). Nge μ = 398,600 km³/s²:

• Ikapsulu kwi-400 km (r = 6,778 km): 92.6 iiyure.
• Isitishi kwi-420 km (r = 6,798 km): imizuzu eyi-93.0.

I-capsule nganye ejikeleza, isikhululo sigubungela kuphela 92.6/93.0 yelaphu: i-capsule ifumana 360° × (1 − 92.6/93.0) ≈ 1.6°, malunga ne-190 km. Ukuvala i-20° yoxolo kuthatha malunga ne13 ye orbits, malunga neeyure ezili-20.

Ukusuka kwi-400 ukuya kwi-420 km kubiza malunga ne- 5.6 m/s nganye yeentloko ezimbini ezitshisayo: incinci xa kuthelekiswa ne7.7 km/s yesantya sokuhamba kweplanethi

Umphathi

Kufutshane nenjongo, abanjiniyela bendawo yokudibana basebenzisa i Clohessy-Wiltshire (Hill) ii-equations: intshukumo ethe tyaba kwisakhelo esijikeleza ngenjongo, nge x ejikelezayo, y ehamba phambili kunye ne n intshukumo yenjongo ephakathi:

yi - 3n²x - 2nẏ = 0,   ÿ + 2nʒ = 0,   z̈ + n²z = 0

Bachaza ukuziphatha okubi: ukutsala phambili (+ẏ) kwenza ukuba umqhubi akhule (u-x ukhula) kwaye emva koko ahambe ngasemva. Iindlela zokuncamathela zidweliswe ngaphaya kwe-y axis (V-bar, ukusuka ngasemva) okanye i-x axis (R-bar, ukusuka ezantsi, apho intshukumo eqhelekileyo inceda ukutshixa), ngemithetho yokhuseleko ukuze i-injini engasebenziyo ingakhokelela kungqubano.