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Mushandisi Webrowseri · Module 14

Rendezvous: kusvikira space station

Kuti uwane chimwe chinhu chako pamberi pechiedza, unokwira pasi uye uchienda zvakaomarara asi zviri nyore.

11 min

NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute

Iyi dzidzo yakanyorwa ne Local Solar System Foundation team member uye inogona kuvandudzwa nemunhu ane ruzivo. Une ruzivo rwekutaura nezvenyaya iyi here? Suggest an edit

MuDecember 1965, Gemini 6 neGemini 7 dzakafamba mukati me30 cm imwe neimwe, 300 km pamusoro penyika. Yakatora makore maviri epfungwa uye kudzidza kuti uwane kwauri: yekutanga edza yakanga yakaratidza kuti kukwira zvakananga panzvimbo yako, sezvaiita mupilot, hakusi kushanda muorbit.

A capsule 20 degrees behind the station, 20 km lower, catches up over about 13 orbits and then transfers up.Real schedules range from about 3 hours to 2 days.

Mu orbit, kuti uwane iwe unodziya pasi, kwete kukwira.

Ona

Zviri zvese muorbit zvinotevedzera rimwe zano: kuderera kunokurumidza. A pasi orbit ndiro pfupi uye spacecraft inofamba nekukurumidza pamusoro pake, saka inoita chero chinhu chakakura.

  1. Kutanga muorbit yakaderera, pamberi pechinangwa. The capsule is timed to start some way behind the station and slightly below it.
  2. Phasing. Lap mushure mekutenderera, iyo yakaderera capsule inowana zvishoma. Pano, 20 km pasi penzvimbo, inowana 1.6 degrees per orbit.
  3. Mamwe madiki burn, a mini Hohmann transfer, kusimudza capsule muorbit yenzvimbo chete pamberi pake.
  4. Kusvika pakupedzisira. Mamita makumi maviri nemana ekupedzisira anofamba zvakaomarara, zvichienda mberi nekutevera nzira yendege, uye zvinodzorwa nemakomputa anoona nezvevafambi. Panzvimbo yekusangana, kuvharwa kwesimba kunoitika nehuremu hwemasentimita mashoma panguva imwe chete.

_Zvinyorwa

Mufananidzo wenguva yeorbit: T = 2π√(r³/μ). Ne μ = 398,600 km³/s²:

  • Chikamu chekutenderera panzvimbo ye400 km (r = 6,778 km): 92.6 maminitsi.
  • Kusvika panzvimbo ye420 km (r = 6,798 km): 93.0 minutes.

Nechimwe chidimbu cheorbit, nzvimbo inosvika 92.6/93.0 yemugwagwa: chidimbu chinowana 360° × (1 − 92.6/93.0) ≈ 1.6°, kana kuti 190 km. Kuvhara 20 ° gap inotora nezve 13 orbits, maminetsi 20.

Kuchinjana kubva 400 kusvika 420 km kunodhura nezve 5.6 m/s yese yezviviri kuora: tiny zvichienzaniswa ne 7.7 km / s ye orbital speed.

Munyori

Panzvimbo yechinangwa, vagadziri vekusangana vanoshandisa Clohessy-Wiltshire (Hill) equations: linearised motion muframe iyo inotenderera nechinangwa, ine x radial, y along-track uye n chinangwa chepakati chekufambisa:

ym − 3n²x − 2nẏ = 0,   ÿ + 2nʒ = 0,   z̈ + n²z = 0

Vanoratidza kuti hunhu hunoshamisa: kumanikidza mberi (+ẏ) kunoita kuti mutsvakurudzi akwira (x inokura) uyezve anofamba-famba. Kusvika kwenzira dzakagadzirwa pamwe ne y axis (V-bar, kubva kumashure) kana x axis (R-bar, kubva pasi, uko kutenderera kwakajairika kunobatsira kubvisa mhepo), nekuchengetedza mitemo kuitira kuti injini yakaipa haizove nemhedzisiro yekusangana.

Tarisa

Kuita sekuti iwe uri capsule, 20 degrees pamberi penzvimbo uye pamwechete kukwira. Kana iwe chete moto yako injini mberi, chii chinoitika kuti orbit yako, uye uwane zvakapetwa kana kudzika pamusoro peshure? (Hint: funga nezve Hohmann chidzidzo.)

Chidzidzo chekukurukura

3 nhanho mibvunzo. Choose mashoko kuti uone kana iwe uri zvakanaka.

  1. A capsule iri pamberi penzvimbo yepasi muorbit yakaderera. Nenguva, inozo:

    1. A Kudzokera kumashure
    2. B Kusvika, nekuti yakaderera orbit inoita zvakanaka
    3. C Inoramba iri pamwechete
    4. D Kudonha munyika
    Kuratidza mhinduro

    B. Kusvika, nekuti yakaderera orbit inoita zvakanaka

  2. Nei chikepe chepasi chisingagoni kuuraya injini yake kuenda mberi kuti iite basa rayo risati rapera?

    1. A Nekuti kukwira kwesimba kunowedzera orbit, izvo zvinoita kuti lap irambe iri yakareba, saka inoramba ichitevera
    2. B Nekuti injini hadzigone kuuraya mberi
    3. C Nekudaro, nekuda kwemhepo resistance
    4. D It can; that is how it is done
    Kuratidza mhinduro

    A. Nekuti kukwira kwesimba kunowedzera orbit, izvo zvinoita kuti lap irambe iri yakareba, saka inoramba ichitevera

  3. Ndeipi nguva yakareba sei kuti capsule iende kunzvimbo panguva yedocking?

    1. A Maererano ne 7.7 km/s
    2. B Maererano 100 m / s
    3. C Masere ecentimita panguva imwe
    4. D Exactly zero
    Kuratidza mhinduro

    C. Masere ecentimita panguva imwe

Kusvika pakupera

  • Ona dzidziso
  • Akakunda chipingamupinyi
  • Akatora chidzidzo

. Kuchengeta kuenderera mberi kwebasa pane iyi kifaa, tinya paKunyora.

Mashoko mubhuku rino

Zvinyorwa

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