Wasu harsuna a wannan shafin na iya zama an fassara su da injin kuma suna iya da kurakurai. Help improve it Read the English original
Rendezvous: na kama tashar sararin samaniya
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Navigator · Module 14

Rendezvous: na kama tashar sararin samaniya

Don ka kama wani abu a gabanka a cikin orbit, kana faduwa ƙasa kuma ka yi sauri-tare da sauri.

11 min

NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute

An yi wannan darasi da wani Local Solar System ma'aikacin ƙungiyar Foundation kuma za'a iya inganta shi da mai duba da ya dace. Shin kana da kwarewa a cikin wannan batutuwa? Suggest an edit

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1965, Gemini 6 da Gemini 7 sun tashi cikin sa’o’i 30 daga juna, a tsayin kilomita 300 bisa ga ƙasa. Ya dauki shekaru biyu na nazari da kuma aiki don samun shi: farkon kokarin ya nuna cewa tashi kai tsaye zuwa ga manufarka, kamar yadda mai jirgin sama zai yi, ba zai iya aiki a cikin orbit.

A capsule 20 degrees behind the station, 20 km lower, catches up over about 13 orbits and then transfers up. Real schedules range from about 3 hours to 2 days.

A cikin orbit, don samun saukar ka kasa, ba sauri.

Look

Mafi ƙasƙanci ne mafi sauri. A kasa orbit ne mafi ƙaranci da jirgin sama na tafiya da sauri a kan shi, don haka yana samun a kan wani abu mafi girma.

  1. Launch into a lower orbit, behind the target. The capsule is timed to start some way behind the station and slightly below it.
  2. Phasing. Layi bayan layi, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna samun ƙaramin riba. A nan, 20 km a ƙasan tashar, yana samun digiri 1.6 a kowace orbit.
  3. Two small burns, a mini Hohmann transfer, lift the capsule into the station’s orbit just behind it.
  4. Final approach. An yi tafiyar mita ɗari da yawa a hankali, kai tsaye a kan hanya ta jirgin sama, ta hanyar kwamfutoci waɗanda aka kula da su daga masu aiki. A kan haɗi, gudun rufewa shine santimita kaɗan a kowace sakan.

Understand

Orbital period: T = 2π√(r³/μ). Da μ = 398,600 km³/s²:

  • Capsule a 400 km (r = 6,778 km): 92.6 minti.
  • Tashar a 420 km (r = 6,798 km): 93.0 minti.

A kowace orbit capsule, tashar tana rufe kawai 92.6/93.0 na wani latsa: capsule yana samun 360 ° × (1 − 92.6/93.0) ≈ 1.6°, kusan 190 km. An rufe wani ɓangare na 20 ° yana ɗaukar kusan orbits 13, kusan sa’o’i 20.

Canja wurin daga 400 zuwa 420 km yana da farashin kusan 5.6 m/s ga kowanne daga cikin burns biyu: ƙaramin idan aka kwatanta da 7.7 km/s na gudun orbital.

Master

A kusa da manufar, injiniyoyin tattaunawa suna amfani da Clohessy-Wiltshire (Hill) daidaito: motsi mai layin layi a cikin firam wanda ke orbits tare da manufar, da x radial, y along-track da n matsakaicin motsin manufar:

ym − 3n²x − 2nẏ = 0,   ÿ + 2nʒ = 0,   z̈ + n²z = 0

Kuma sunã bayyanar da halayen mãsu ban mãmãki: wata tãƙama zuwa gaba (+ẏ) tana sanya mai nẽman (x) ya tashi (ya girma) sa’an nan kuma ya jũya baya. An tsara hanyoyin zuwa a kan y axis (V-bar, daga baya) ko x axis (R-bar, daga ƙasa, inda motsin halitta ke taimakawa da hanawa), tare da dokoki na tsaro don haka wani injin da ya fashe ba zai taba haifar da wata hatsariya ba.

Try it

Ka yi tsammanin kai ne capsule, 20 digiri a bayan tashar da kuma a kan daidai tsayi. Idan ka yi wuta kawai da injinka gaba, me zai faru da sararin samaniyarka, kuma shin za ka samu kusa ko ka fadi a baya? Kuma Allah ne Mafi sani ga abin da kuke aikatãwa.

Quick quiz

3 tambayoyi masu sauri. Zaɓi amsa don ka ga ko kai mai gaskiya ne.

  1. A capsule is behind the space station in a slightly lower orbit. Over time it:

    1. A Falls further behind
    2. B Catches up, because a lower orbit is faster
    3. C Stays at the same distance
    4. D Crashes into Earth
    Nuna amsa

    B. Catches up, because a lower orbit is faster

  2. Me ya sa ba zai yiwu wani jirgin sararin samaniya kawai ya yi wuta a kan injinsa na gaba don ya kama wata manufa a gaba a cikin irin wannan orbit?

    1. A Saboda gudun ya sauka a kan orbit, wanda ke sanya layin ya fi tsawo, don haka yana da baya
    2. B Saboda injiniyoyi ba za su iya harba gaba ba
    3. C Saboda rashin juriya ga iska
    4. D Na'am, zai iya! Kamar haka ake yi.
    Nuna amsa

    A. Saboda gudun ya sauka a kan orbit, wanda ke sanya layin ya fi tsawo, don haka yana da baya

  3. Da yaushe ne wani capsule zai isa wurin da ake so a lokacin da yake haɗuwa?

    1. A Aƙalla 7.7 km/s
    2. B Aƙalla 100 m/s
    3. C A few centimetres per second
    4. D Exactly zero
    Nuna amsa

    C. A few centimetres per second

Finish line

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  • Took the quiz

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Words in this lesson

Sources

Wannan darasi yana da lasisin CC BY-SA 4.0.

Kayan aiki da karatu suna amfani da siffofin sauƙi don koyon kawai. Ba za a iya amfani da su don tafiyar ruwa, shirin aiki ko wani hukuncin aiki ba. Shaidu ne kyauta kuma ba a amince da su ba. Ka karanta bayanin da ke cikin shirin koyarwa