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Amanani asithandathu. Oku kuninzi okufunekayo ukuchaza nayiphi na i-orbit kwinkqubo yelanga, ukusuka kwinyanga ukuya kwi-comete. Funda ukufunda ngazo kwaye ungabeka i-pin apho nayiphi na ihlabathi izakuba khona, iminyaka ezayo.

Amanani asithandathu achaza nayiphi na i-orbit kwinkqubo yelanga.

Bona

Ukuchaza apho i satellite okanye iplanethi ihamba khona, kufuneka uphendule imibuzo emibini:

1. Ikhulu kangakanani i-orbit?
2. Isibonakaliso sithini? Ijikeleze okanye ithambileyo?
3. Ithe tye kangakanani?
4. Ngaphi na indlela ijonge ukugoba?
5. Indlela eyiphi inxalenye ethe tyaba ibonisa?
6. Ngawaphi kwi orbit iqulethe isiqu ngoku?

Impendulo nganye inenani elinye. Ezi nombolo zisithandathu zibizwa ngokuba yi izinto ezijikelezayo, kwaye zichaza nayiphi na i-orbit.

Kwibhokisi yesand, iMolniya orbit iyafakelwa. Iisetilethi zonxibelelwano zaseRashiya zisebenzisa le nto ide, i-orbit ethe tye ukuze zibophele ngeyure phezulu ngasentla apho iisetilethi ezihlala zijikeleza umhlaba zinzima ukuzibona. Khangela Imboniselo yasecaleni ukujonga ukugoba, kwaye udlala ngee-sliders.

Ukuqonda

Izinto	Iimpawu	Izinto ezimiselweyo
I-semi-major axis	Yenza i-radian	Ubungakanani
Ubeko lwephjepha	e	Iinketho ze projekti
Ubeko lwephepha	I-Stencils	Ubeko lweplanethi ye-orbit ngokuchasene neplanethi yobhekiso
Ubude be-node enyukayo	Ω	Indlela apho i-orbit idlula khona kwiplanethi yobhekiso ehamba “phezulu”
Incopho yeqela leenkwenkwezi	ω	Indawo apho incopho efutshane ibekwe khona, ilinganiselwe ngaphakathi kweplanethi ye-orbit ukusuka kwi-node enyukayo
Ixabiso eliphakathi le anomaly kwixesha	M₀	Indawo apho isiqu sikwimo enikiweyo (ixesha)

Iiplanethi, iplanethi yobhekiso ihlala yi ekliptiki, iplanethi yomjikelo wehlabathi, kwaye ulawulo lobhekiso luyi-March equinox. Kwiisetilethi zehlabathi, iplanethi yokubonisa yindawo ethe tye yehlabathi.

Ezinye ixabiso elibalulekileyo:

• i = 0°: umjikelo ubekwe kwiplanethi yobhekiso. A-M_BAR_IsiJamani geostationary i-satellite ine-i = 0 ne-e = 0 ejikeleza umda wehlabathi.
• i = 90°: i-polar orbit, edlula phezu kwezi ndawo zombini.
• i > 90°: ijikeleza umva, ijikeleza ngasemva.
• I-Molniya orbit isebenzisa i = 63.4 ° ngenjongo: kulo mngcipheko, ubukhulu behlabathi abuyi kukwenza ukuba indawo ejikelezayo ihambe ngokujikeleza i-orbit.

Umphathi

Ii-engile ezintathu ziyiqela elilungisiweyo lokujika. Inqaku kwiplanethi ejikelezayo (x’ ukuya kwi-periapsis, y’ 90° phambili) lithunyelwe kwisiqalo esibhekiswe kuso nguR_z(−Ω) · R_x(−i) · R_z(−ω). Le yindawo efanelekileyo yokutshintsha kwi JPL’ s “Iindawo eziNxulumeneyo zeplanethi”, esetyenziswa yi-orery yewebhusayithi:

x = (cos ω cos Ω − sin ω sin Ω cos i) x′ + (−sin ω cos Ω − cos ω sin Ω cos i) y′

kunye neengcaciso ezifanayo ze-y ne-z.

Iiteyibhile zeplanethi zihlala zinika iintlobo: ubude bexesha lokujikeleza kwelanga ϖ = Ω + ω (isetyenziswa xa i incinci kwaye iΩ ichazwe kakubi), kunye ne ubude obuphakathi L = ϖ + M. Ii-JPL table zidwelisa i-a, e, i, L, ϖ, Ω kunye nenani labo lotshintsho ngekhulu ngalinye, kuba ezinye iiplanethi zihamba ngokucothayo ziphazamise yonke imijikelezo.

Kutheni 63.4°? Earth’s equatorial bulge (the J₂ term) makes the argument of periapsis precess at a rate proportional to (5 cos² i − 1). Iphela xa i cos² i = 1/5, oko kukuthi i = 63.43° okanye 116.57°: “iinkxaso ezibalulekileyo”. Izinto ezihlala ziqhubeka kwingxaki yeentliziyo ezimbini zihamba ngokucothayo kwihlabathi elingenanto; yiyo loo nto iindidi zezinto zisoloko zivela nge ixesha, ixesha apho zisebenza khona.