Orbital elements

Nhamba makumi maviri. Izvi ndizvo zvese zvinotora kuratidzwa kwechimwe chimiro chezuva, kubva paMweya kusvika kune kometa. Kudzidza kuverenga avo uye unogona pin pasi apo chero nyika ichave, makore anotevera.

Zvitatu izvi zvinonzi zviviri zvemarudzi ose ezvisikwa zviri muSolar System.

Ona

Kuti uratidze kuti saiti kana nyika iri kusvikira kupi, unofanirwa kupindura mibvunzo mishoma:

1. Ini ndinofanira kuisa sei pfungwa dzangu pazvinyorwa?
2. Ini ndiani? Ndiani anozviita?
3. Ini handina kumbobvira ndaona mukadzi asina mboro.
4. Ndini ndinofanira kuisa bhokisi remvura?
5. Nzira ipi iyo yakapetwa chikamu chinoenda?
6. Pane sei pa orbit iyo muviri uri ikozvino?

Kana mashoko ese ari maviri akafanana, ipapo bvunzo inotevera ichaitwa. Pamwechete, izvi zvina zvinonzi orbital elements, uye zvinotaura nezve chero orbit.

Mu sandbox, Molniya orbit inoiswa. Saiti dzeRussia dzinoshandisa iyi yakareba, yakasviba orbit kuti dzigare kwenguva refu pamusoro pekumabvazuva, uko geostationary satellites hazvina kunyatsoonekwa. Tick Side view kuti uone kutsvuka, uye shandisa zvishongedzo.

_Zvinyorwa

Chikamu	Chiratidzo	Chii chinoita
Semi-makuru axis	Kuisa mufananidzo	_Saizi:
Kuzvimirira	e	Shava
Kutenderera	Kuisa mufananidzo	Tilt ye orbital plane pamusoro peiyo reference plane
Longitude of the ascending node	Ω	Nzira iyo orbit inofamba nayo pane imwe nzvimbo yekuti iite “up”
Kutanga kwezuva	ω	Kubva panzvimbo yakati wandei yepasi, inoonekwa seyakaenzana nenzvimbo yechiedza chezuva.
Anomaliya yepakati panguva	M₀	Panzvimbo iyo muviri uri panguva yacho (iyo epoch)

Pazvisikwa zvepasi, chiyero chekuenzanisa ndechekuti ecliptic, mufananidzo weobiti yenyika, uye chiyero chekutevera ndechegore regore. Kunyangwe zvazvo ma satellites enyika asiri ekudenga, iwo anotarisana neEquator.

Zvimwe zvinokosha zviyero:

• i = 0°: orbit iri muchikamu chekuongorora. A geostationary satellite ine i = 0 uye e = 0 pamusoro peEquator yenyika.
• i = 90°: a polar orbit, kutenderera pamusoro pezvimwe mapoinzi.
• i > 90°: retrograde, kutenderera kumashure.
• Molniya orbit inoshandisa i = 63.4° nechinangwa: paiyo tilt, kuoma kwenyika hakuite kuti periapsis iende kure neorbit.

Munyori

Mativi matatu aya anosanganisirawo zviuru zvezvimwe zvidimbu. Nzvimbo mu orbital plane (x′ kuenda kuperiapsis, y′ 90° pamberi) inoendeswa mu reference frame ne R_z(−Ω) · R_x(−i) · R_z(−ω). Izvi ndezvekushandurwa kweJPL’s “Approximate Positions of the Planets”, iyo orrery yesaiti inoshandisa:

x = (cos ω cos Ω − sin ω sin Ω cos i) x′ + (−sin ω cos Ω − cos ω sin Ω cos i) y′

uye zvakafanana mazita e y ne z.

Temberi dzeplanethi dzinopawo zviyero zvakasiyana: longitude yeperihelion ϖ = Ω + ω (inokosha kana i iri shoma uye Ω isina kunyatsozivikanwa), uye mean longitude L = ϖ + M. JPL mapepa anonyora a, e, i, L, ϖ, Ω nemitengo yavo yeshanduko pazana remakore, nekuti dzimwe nyika dzinokanganisa nguva dzose.

Chii chinonzi 63.4°? Earth’s equatorial bulge (the J₂ term) makes the argument of periapsis precess at a rate proportional to (5 cos² i − 1). Inotanga kuomarara kana cos² i = 1/5, i.e. i = 63.43° or 116.57°: “critical inclinations”. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoramba zvakaenzana munyaya yezviviri-zvisikwa zvinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma muhupenyu hwechokwadi; izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti zvinhu zviviri zvive nesimba rakafanana. epoch, nguva dzavanoshanda.