Chifukwa chiyani orbit ndi kugwa

M’malo mwake, mfundo ya kuwala ndi yofanana ndi kuwala. Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti mwezi ndi nyanja. Palibe amene ali “m’munsi mwa gravity”. Zimayenda m’mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi zambiri mozungulira dziko lapansi, koma sizimapita kumwamba.

M’madera ena, nyengo ndi nthawi yoti zinthu zipite patsogolo.

Onani

Kudula mpira kumbuyo ndi curves pansi pa nthaka. Kuthamanga kwambiri ndi kunyamula zinthu zosayenera. Tsopano ganizirani kuika izo molimba kwambiri kuti, pamene iye anagwa mita imodzi, dziko pansi pa izo ali kuzungulira kwa mita imodzinso. Ndikofunika kulowerera. Sikuti nthawi zonse zimapita mozungulira.

Padziko lapansi kuti chimachitika pa za 7.8 km/s pamalo ozungulira (28,000 km / h). Sichingakhalepo chilichonse padziko chomwe chimatha kunyamula zinthu mofulumira chifukwa mpweya ungalepheretse, choncho tiyenera kupita pamwamba pa mpweya wachiwiri. Izi ndi zonse zomwe roketi imachita: imatulutsa ndege yakunja pamwamba pa atmosphere ndipo kenako imayimitsa pambali, kwambiri zovuta.

• Kutalika kwa mpweya wozungulira: Kutalika kwa mpweya wozungulira: Kutalika kwa mpweya wozungulira:
• M’malo mwake, orbital galimoto: a chigawo.
• M’mbali mwake, m’mphepete mwake pali mapiri a Elysium ndi Aeolis Mons.
• Mofulumira kuposa Kuthamanga kwa kutuluka (malingana ndi 11 km / s kuchokera ku orbital): njira imatsegulidwa ndipo siyibwereranso.

Kuzindikira koyamba: Kodi ndi liti kulemera kwa thupi pamutu wa International Space Station, poyerekeza ndi dziko?

Pafupifupi 90% monga wolimba. Astronauts sitimayenda chifukwa cha gravity sichipezeka, koma chifukwa iwo ndi malo awo akugwa limodzi.

M’nyumba ya ndege yonyamula anthu, zonse zimagwa limodzi panthawi yomweyo, kotero palibe chomwe chimakhudza chilichonse. Izi ndi chifukwa chake astronauts kuwala. Mabungwe a Space amatchedwa microgravity.

Kumvetsa

Pafupi ndi dziko lapansi, gravity imathamanga ndi kufulumira kwa g = GM / r². Kuyenda m’mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kuzungulira kwa radius r pa liwiro v kumafuna kutulutsa kudera la v²/r. Orbit ndi pamene gravity amapatsa moyenera kuti kunyamula:

v²/r = GM/r²  →  v = √(GM / r)

With GM of Earth = 398,600 km³/s² and r = 6,371 + 200 = 6,571 km, v ≈ 7.79 km/s. Pamutu wa Newton’s imaginary 600 km mtsinje mu kanema, r = 6,978 km ndi v = 7.56 km / s.

The time for one lap follows: T = 2πr / v, about 88 minutes at 200 km. Mwezi, womwe uli 384.400 km kumbali, umatenga masiku 27.3 kuti upite pamodzi ndi mwezi.

Woyang’anira

Kuyambira mozungulira pa radius r₀ ndi kutalika kwa v ndipo njira ndi gawo la conical ndi dziko lapansi m’mphepete mwake. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa kilogram,

ε = v²/2 − μ/r₀,

amasankha mtundu: ε < 0 is an ellipse (including the circle and the paths that hit the ground, which are ellipses interrupted by the surface), ε = 0 a parabola, ε > 0 a hyperbola. Kusintha kwa ε = 0 kumapatsa kutuluka kwa mtunda v_esc = √(2μ/r₀), moyenera √2 nthawi ya mtunda wozungulira pamutu umodzi.

Kutulutsidwa kwa kutalika kumabweretsa nthawi yoyamba pa apsis: gawo lotentha kwambiri la orbit ngati v ndi pansi pa chiwongola dzanja, lotsika kwambiri ngati pamwamba. Izi ndichifukwa chake mabala othamanga kwambiri mu kanema amatuluka kuchokera ku mtsinje, ndipo omwe akuyenda mwachangu abwerera kumbuyo kwa iye.