Ukushayela ngaphandle ngokuzimela

Iningi lelanga elingaphandle lilahlekile. Ikhanya ngakwesobunxele emafasiteleni, ifike ezulu, futhi ibona abantu ababona ngaphezu kwalokho. Ukuxazulula akuyona umnyama: kuyisibani esihle. Umthetho wonke kule khasi ugcina imali kanye nezinkanyezi, futhi amanye angasetshenziswa ngesonto ngalinye nge-screwdriver.

Imithetho emihlanu yokukhanya okuhle

Lezi zilandela izimiso eziyisithupha zokukhangisa okusebenzayo kwangaphandle okushicilelwe yiDarkSky International neSociety yezobuchwepheshe bokukhanya:

1. Useful. Ukukhanya kuphela okudingayo, njengokuhamba kwendlela, umbhede noma indawo yokubhukuda yendawo yokupaka.
2. Isikisela. Iphoqa ukukhanya phansi, lapho kudingeka khona, nge-shielding ukuze akukho okuphuma phezulu kwe-horizontal.
3. Izinga eliphansi. Akunakukhanya okuningi kunakudingeka. Izindlebe zilungele kahle amanqanaba aphansi, futhi ukubukeka kungena.
4. Ilawulwa. Kusebenza kuphela uma kudingeka, ngemikhawulo yesikhathi, izibambi kanye nezibonisi zokucindezela.
5. Imibala epholile. Gcina ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuncane: khetha 3000 K noma ngaphantsi, nokukhanya okunambala obomvu endaweni ebushelelezi.

Ukukhanya okudlula phezulu akugcini nje ngokusikhashana.

Yini okufanele uthenge nokuthi yini ongayenza

Ungasebenzisi: ama-bulbs avulekile, ama-lanterns engilazi ecacile, ama-globes, ama-uplights, nama-floodlights abheke ngakwesobunxele noma phezulu. Ungasebenzisi ama-bulbs abhalwe ngokuthi amhlophe noma akhanyayo (4000 K nangaphezulu) okusetshenziswa ngaphandle, kanye nama-floodlights “okuphepha” ahlala esebenza yonke imini.

Buy: ama-fixtures abhalwe ngokuthi ahlotshiswe ngokuphelele noma ahlukaniswe ngokuphelele, aphathe i-DarkSky Approved seal; ama-LED bulbs amhlophe apholile we-3000 K noma ngaphantsi (2700 K atholakala ngokugcwele, futhi umbala omnyama ongaphansi kuka-2200 K ungcono kakhulu); ukukhanya okuphansi okusebenza, okulinganiselwa kuma-lumens kwibhokisi; kanye nesikhathi noma isici sokuhamba sezinto ezingaphandle.

Misa lokho okukhona

Awudingi ukushintsha ilanga lonke. Amanye ama-fixtures akhona angathuthukiswa:

• Hlanganisa i-bulb ngenye emnyama epholile enesikhashana esincane.
• Yongeza isigqoko. Isigqoko esikhishwe emuva kanye nezibuko zithengwa kumaphakethe amaningi edonga nama-lanterns; ihood yensimbi elula phezu kwelanga le-porch ingavala ingxenye enkulu yokukhanya kwayo okuphezulu nokusuka ngakwesobunxele.
• Buyisela ama-floodlights phansi, noma ushintshe nge-shielded fixture.
• Nciphisa. I-fixture efakwe ngezansi ikhanya kakhulu endaweni futhi inqaba indawo engaphansi kwayo.
• Engeza isikhashana noma umenzi wokuhamba, hlela isikhathi esincane. Ukukhanya okuvela kuphela uma umuntu ehamba phambili kuphephile futhi okulula kunalokho okushisayo yonke imini.
• Vala amafasitela ngemini ukuze ukukhanya kwegumbi akubi lutho.

Izinhlobo zesibani sangaphandle

• I-sodium ephansi-yokucindezeleka (LPS): isebenza kahle kakhulu, ine-orange glow encincane. Ilungele izimboni ezibhekene nezimo zokuphila ezithakazelisayo, kepha amamibala anzima ukuwahlukanisa ngaphansi kwayo.
• I-sodium enamandla amakhulu (HPS): ilanga elikhanyayo elinokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kupholile futhi kuncane i-blue kunesibhakabhaka.
• Metal halide: ukukhanya okumhlophe, okunemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• LEDs: manje yisinqumo esivame kakhulu. Esebenza kahle, ehlala isikhathi eside futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, okungenakukhanyayo: zingancipha lapho izitezi zingenalutho bese zibuyela kukukhanya okugcwele uma kudingeka.

Amadolobha amaningi ashintsha ama-LEDs adala ukukhanya kwendlela. Lokhu kuyithuba eliyingqayizivele lokucisha ubuthi belanga, kodwa uma nje amalambu amasha e-LED efakwe i-shield futhi epholile. I-American Medical Association yacebisa ngo-2016 ukuthi ukushayela kwesifundazwe kuhlale ku-3000 K noma ngaphantsi. I-LED ekhanyayo, ebomvu-emhlophe ingakwenza i-skyglow ibe ngcono kunelanga eliguqulwe.

Kungani umbala ubalulekile

Umbala wokukhanya kulinganiselwa njenge ukushisa kombala, nge-kelvin (K). Amanombolo aphansi kusho ukukhanya okubandayo, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; amanombolo aphezulu kusho ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusakazeka empilweni yangaphandle kakhulu kunakukhanya okunambala obomvu, ngakho-ke kwenza izulu libe mhlophe kakhulu. Lokhu futhi kuyingxenye ye-spectrum enamandla kakhulu etshela umzimba ukuthi “isikhathi sosuku”, kanye nengxenye ethakazelisa futhi isusa izilwane eziningi.

Ukugqamisa

Ukukhanya okuncane okuvela emisebeni elahlekile kunciphisa ukufana nokufihla izingozi ngehora. Amazinyo akhulule ahlupheka kakhulu. Ukukhanya okugqugquzelwe kahle kusezingeni eliphakathi nendawo kwenza ukuthi imehlo lilungele futhi libone kabanzi, hhayi kancane.

Ukukhuluma nabangane kanye nezikhulu

• Qala ngokunethezeka. Abantu abaningi abazange bacabange ngezibani zabo. Ngisho ukuthi ukukhanya okubandayo okugqugquzelwe kubiza kakhulu ukushayela futhi okulula kumazinyo; sinikeza lelikhasi.
• Nceda usebenzise isinqumo esisebenzayo: isibani esipholile, isikhashana, noma isihlungi. Ukunikela ukusiza ukubekwa kwayo kuvame ukuxazulula inkinga.
• Isigungu sakho, bhala ngokunciphisa:buza ukuthi ngabe indawo inenqubomgomo yokushayela ngaphandle;buza ukuthi ama-streetlights amasha nezokuguqula abe nokuvikelwa okuphelele, 3000 K noma ngaphansi, futhi amnyama ekuseni;buza ukuvikela izulu elimnyama lezindawo zokuzijabulisa nezitolo zemvelo. Buza impendulo ngokubhala.
• Bring numbers. Izinhlanga ziphendula ngezindleko: ukushayela okulawulwa kahle kwe-LED kunganciphisa kakhulu amabhange egesi okukhanya kwendlela.

Ungasiza kanjani

• Isibani esisodwa sihleliwe lesiviki: sakho.
• Hlanganisa isithombe ngaphambi-nemuva selanga olusivikelayo noma esipholile.
• Yenza i-maphu yelanga elimnyama kakhulu esiteshini sakho bese uyithumela kumasipala wakho.
• Volunteer ukuqhuba iworkshop yokukhangisa noma ukubalwa kwelanga ngebhodi le-contribution board.

Izinsizakusebenza

• I-DarkSky International ne-IES, Imithetho emihlanu yokukhangisa okunesibopho
• DarkSky International, Isisekelo sokukhanya
• DarkSky International, Imikhiqizo egunyazwe yiDarkSky
• I-American Medical Association (2016), AMA ithatha umyalo wokuncipha kokulimala okuvela emigwaqweni ekhanyayo