Kugadzira Lighting kunze nepfungwa

Muchena zhinji mhepo inoparadzwa. Inobuda pasi pezvivharo, kusvikira kudenga, uye kumaziso evanhu avo vanoona zvishoma, kwete zvakawanda. Kugadzirisa hakusi masikati: ichokwadi chekuti ndiyo yakanakisisa. Nekuti zvose zvinotaurwa mubhuku iri zvinochengeta mari pamwe chete nezviratidzo, uye zvakawanda zvezvo zvinogona kuitwa munguva pfupi chete nescrewdriver.

Maitiro mana ekuita kuti hupenyu huve nyore

Izvi zvinotevera zvitatu zvemasimba ekunze kupisa kwakanyorwa naDarkSky International uye Illuminating Engineering Society:

1. Useful. Light chete izvo zvinoda, semuenzaniso nzira, chivharo kana kukwira nzvimbo yeparking.
2. Targeted. Point mwanga pasi, apo zvinoda, ne shielding saka hapana anobuda pamusoro pehorizontal.
3. Low level. No brighter than necessary. Maziso anoshandura zvakanaka kune zvishoma zviyero, uye kusvibiswa kunodzokera.
4. Controlled. On chete kana zvadarika, ne timers, dimmers uye motion sensors.
5. Warm color. Tenga magetsi emabhawa kusvika pakuderera: sarudza 3000 K kana pasi, uye amber light munzvimbo dzinotapira.

Chiedza chinoenda kumusoro hachiite chero chinhu tichifanira.

Chii chekutenga uye chii chekuzvidzivirira

Avoid: akaonekwa mabhatiri, chiedza nyoro nyoro, maglobes, uplights, uye floodlights anotarisana kumashure kana pamusoro. Kuzvidzivirira mabhatiri anozivikanwa chiedza chakanaka kana mazuva (4000 K uye pamusoro) kuti anoshandiswa kunze, uye “security” floodlights kuti vagare pazuva rese.

Buy: zvishongedzo zvakanyorwa se * zvachose shielded * kana * yakazara cut-off *, ideally kutakura DarkSky Approved seal; yakachena white LED mabhakitiriya e 3000 K kana pasi (2700 K iri nyore kuwana, uye amber pamusoro 2200 K ndiyo yakanaka zvakare); yepasi brightness kuti mabasa, akatevedzana mu lumens pabhokisi; uye timer kana motion sensor for anything outdoors.

Kugadzirisa zvawaive nazvo

Hausi kuzoda kuchinja chero magetsi. Vazhinji zvinobva zviripo zvishongedzo zvinogona kuvandudzwa:

• Swap bhatiri yechiedza chinopisa chepasi pezuva.
• Zvawedzera shiri. Retrofit shiri uye caps zvinotengeswa kune akawanda mabhatiri ekunze uye mabhegi; a simple metal hood pamusoro pechiedza chemusango anogona kubvisa zvakawanda zvezuva rinoenda pamusoro nekumashure.
• Re-aim floodlights straight down, kana kuisa panzvimbo yavo neyakadzivirirwa fixture.
• Dzadzai pasi. A fixture mounted lower lights the ground more and the neighborhood less.
• Zviwedzera timer kana motion sensor, wozviisa panguva pfupi. Chiedza chinowira chete kana munhu achifamba nepasi, chine hutano hwakanaka uye chiri nyore kushandisa kupfuura chimwe chinopisa zuva rese.
• Tira zvishongedzo pazuva kuti magetsi anenge ari mukati haazobuda.

Types of outdoor lamp

• Low-pressure sodium (LPS): zvikuru yakasimba, neyakaenzana orange glow. Ideal pedyo observatories uye sensitive nzvimbo, kunyange zvazvo mavara ndivo zvakaoma kuudza pakati pasi pake.
• High-pressure sodium (HPS): iyo inozivikanwa orange-pink streetlight. Yakachena uye yakachena kupfuura mvura.
• Metal halide: white light, rich in blue.
• LEDs: ikozvino ndiyo yakanyanya kuzivikanwa sarudzo. Yakachengeteka, yakasimba uye, zvakaoma, dimmable: vanogona kudonha pasi paunenge uchifamba munzira uye kudzokera pakuratidzwa kwese kana zvadarika.

Maguta akawanda ari kuchinja zviyeuchidzo zvekare neLEDs. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kuti kuderedza magetsi ezuva kunowedzera kukuvadza, asi chete kana mabhatiri ari kuiswa pazvimwe zviedza. The American Medical Association yakakurudzira mu2016 kuti kuratidzwa kwenharaunda kugara pa3000 K kana pasi. A chiedza, blu-white LED anogona kuita skyglow zvakaipa kupfuura bhatiri yaizova.

Nei rudzi rwakakosha

Iyo nhema yezuva inoratidzwa secolor temperature, mu kelvin (K). Mazita akaderera anoreva kupisa, kuwedzera mwenje weorange; mazita akakura anoreva kutonhora, kuwedzera mwenje weblue. Chiedza chebhuruu chinoparadzaniswa mumhepo zvakanyanya kupfuura chiedza cheorange, saka chinopa simba guru rekuona. Ichowo chikamu chespectrum chinotaura nesimba kuti “inotaridzika kunge zuva”, uye icho chikamu chinobata uye chinokanganisa mabhakitiriya akawanda.

Kutonhora

Kuedza kubva kune zvakaomarara zviratidzo zvinoderedza kusangana uye zvinochengeta mabhakitiriya pazuva. Maziso evanhu vakura anorasikirwa zvakanyanya. Yakanaka-yakadzivirirwa mwanga panzvimbo yakaderera inokutendera iwe kuti uite zvisarudzo zvakanaka uye uone zvakawanda, kwete zvishoma.

Kutaura neshamwari dzako uye nemasangano

• Start friendly. Vanhu vazhinji havana kunyatsofunga nezvemabhatiri avo. Kutaura kuti a shielded, yakasimba mwanga ndiro cheaper kutamba uye nyore pamaso; kupa iyi peji.
• Offer a practical fix: a warmer bulb, a timer, or a shield. Kukumbira rubatsiro kuti uite kuti zvive zvakanaka kunogadzirisa nyaya iyi.
• Kuti uwane rubatsiro, nyora zvakafupi: taura kana nzvimbo yako ine chirongwa chekusimudzira mabhawa; taura kuti zvichaita sei kuti mabhawa ezuva arambe achishanda ne3000 K kana pasi pezvo, uye kuti achagadzirisa sei kupisa kwezuva panguva yekudya kwemanheru; taura kuti zvichaita sei kuti zvichadzivirira sei nzvimbo dzemabhizimisi nenzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu zvepanyama kubva pakutonhora. Taurirana nechiremba wako kuti uwane mhinduro.
• Bring numbers. Masangano anosangana nemitengo: zvakanyatsogadziriswa LED kuratidzwa zvinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya mabhajeti emagetsi ezvitoro.

Kuratidza kuti inoita basa

Izvi zvinodiwa hazvisi zvechitendero. Maguta anoshandisa izvi akaona kuti pane kusiyana:

• Flagstaff, Arizona, iyo yekuchenesa kodhi inoti amber, yakanyatso dzivirirwa magetsi uye chivharo pa total magetsi, ine magetsi dome pamusoro pe90 muzana fainter kupfuura Cheyenne, Wyoming, guta remhando imwecheteyo, zvichienderana nematanho akagadzirwa muna 2016 (Flagstaff Dark Skies Coalition).
• Tucson, Arizona, inodziya zvakanyanya kubva kune yayo yakadzivirirwa 3000 K LED street lights pamidnight. Panguva iyo 2019 yekuyedza yakazvisiya pasi, nyika pamusoro peguta rakawedzera nezve 5 muzana rakadzikira (Barentine et al., 2020).
• Andacollo, Chile, guta rine Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, rakachinja mabhatiri emitambo yemitambo neLEDs ayo akagadzirwa kuti aite magetsi chete panzvimbo yekutamba uye kuti achengetedze magetsi kubva kunyika. Iyo nyowani system inoshandisa 30 muzana shoma simba (NSF NOIRLab, 2025).
• France yakakumbira kuti mawindo ezvitoro aitedze kusvika 1 am, kana maawa maviri mushure mekuvharwa, kubvira pa2018 lighting order (Arrêté du 27 décembre 2018).

Ona zvakawanda, pamwe neanotaura zvinyorwa zvemaitiro matatu eFlagstaff, mu zvikonzero zvakanyatsogadziriswa zvekuparadzwa kwezuva.

Ndiani anogona kukubatsira

Kuti uwane rubatsiro uye zvigadzirwa zvakabvumidzwa, enda kune sangano risingabhadhare seDarkSky International, iro rinotungamira DarkSky Approved program, CPRE muEngland, uye ANPCEN muFrance. Kana iwe uchida kutsigira basa ravo, shandisa mawebsite avo, mushure mekuverenga ongororo dzavo dzegore. Local Solar System Foundation haina kumbova nechibvumirano nazvo uye haisi kuwana chero chinhu kubva kwavari. Zvakare nezvekuzvimwe zvose zviri pa papeji redu rekushaikwa kwezuva.

Maitiro ekubatsira

• Fix one light this week: yours.
• Share a pamberi-ne-shure photo yechiedza iwe wakadzivirira kana kupisa.
• Mapa iyo yakanyanya kutonhora munzira yako uye tumira kune yako council.
• Vashandi vechirongwa vanoita basa rekuisa mabhatiri kana kuongorora zvitadzo kuburikidza nekupa mari.

Zvimwe zvinokosha zvekuverenga

• DarkSky International uye IES, Makumi emaitiro ekuchengetedza kupisa kwekunze
• DarkSky International, Zvikonzero zvekupisa
• DarkSky International, DarkSky Yakabvumidzwa zvigadzirwa
• The Flagstaff Solution
• Barentine et al. (2020), Kudzoreredza fraction yezuva reguta kubva pakuongororwa kweskyglow mukuwedzera kukuru kwemunharaunda, *Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer * 253
• Republic of France, Arrêté du 27 décembre 2018 relatif à la prévention, à la réduction et à la limitation des nuisances lumineuses
• NSF NOIRLab (2025), Andacollo Stadium kubva kuCTIO pamberi pekusimudzira uye mushure mekuvandudza
• American Medical Association (2016), AMA inotora zvinyorwa zvekukurudzira kuti idzivise kukuvadza kubva kune yakakwira intensity street lights