Kuwala kunja mwanzeru

M’malo mwake, magetsi ambiri amawonongedwa. Zimawala m’mbali mwa zitseko, mpaka kumwamba, ndi m’maso a anthu omwe amaona pang’ono, si zambiri. Kusintha si kusowa chinyezi: ndi kuwala koyenera. Mfundo zonse patsambali zimapulumutsa ndalama komanso zipatso, ndipo zambiri mwazo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m’mawa ndi screwdriver.

Malamulo asanu abwino owala

Izi zimatsatira mfundo zitatu zokhudzana ndi kuwala kwakunja koyenera komwe kumaperekedwa ndi DarkSky International ndi Illuminating Engineering Society:

1. Useful. Light okha zimene amafuna, monga njira, m’mphepete kapena walking malo a magalimoto.
2. Targeted. Point kuwala pansi, pamene ndi zofunika, ndi chida chonse kuti palibe amatuluka pamwamba pa horizontal.
3. Low level. Sichiwala kwambiri kuposa kofunikira. Maganizo amasintha bwino ku machitidwe ochepa, ndipo kuwala kumatha.
4. Controlled. Onke pamene zofunika, ndi maola, dimmers ndi motion sensors.
5. Kuwala kotentha. Tengani mpweya wofiira kuti ukhale wotsika kwambiri: sankhani 3000 K kapena pansi, ndi mpweya wa amber m’madera ovuta.

Mdima womwe umayenda pamwamba umawala chilichonse chomwe tikufuna.

Chiyani chogula ndi chiyani chosachita

Kupewa: zowonekera, zoyera za zenera, ma globes, uplights ndi ma floodlights omwe amawoneka pambali kapena pamwamba. Musagwiritse ntchito ma bulbs omwe ali ndi dzina lakuti “cool white” kapena “daylight” (4000 K ndi pamwamba) kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kunja, komanso “safety” floodlights omwe amakhazikika usiku wonse.

Buy: zokongoletsera zomwe zimafotokozedwa ngati * zoteteza bwino * kapena * zosatha *, zomwe zimatha kunyamula DarkSky Approved seal; mabala otentha a LED a 3000 K kapena pansipa (2700 K ndi opezeka kwambiri, ndipo amber pafupifupi 2200 K ndi abwinobe); kutentha kotsika kwambiri komwe kumagwira ntchito, molingana ndi lumens pabokosi; ndi timer kapena sensor ya motion kwa chilichonse kunja.

Kusintha zomwe mwakhala muli nazo

Simuyenera kuchotsa chilichonse. Ambiri ophatikizika amawu alipo angachitike:

• Sungani bafa kwa wobiriwira wotentha wa kuwala kotsika.
• Ikani chida. Magolovesi ndi zikopa zosinthika zimagulitsidwa kwa mapaki ambiri a m’mphepete mwa khoma ndi ma lanterni; chingwe chosapanga dzimbiri chabwino kwambiri pamagetsi cha porch chimatha kuletsa mpweya wake wotsika kwambiri komanso wozungulira.
• Re-aim floodlights mozungulira pansi, kapena kuwasintha ndi chida choteteza.
• Lower it. A fixture mounted lower lights the ground more and the neighborhood less.
• Add a timer or a motion sensor, set to a short time. Mdima womwe umayamba kuwala pamene munthu akupita patsogolo ndi wotetezeka komanso wotsika mtengo kuposa wina amene umatentha usiku wonse.
• Zikhazikiko zotseka pa usiku kuti mkati mwake kuwala si chimatuluka.

Zomwe zimapanga ma lamps akunja

• Low-pressure sodium (LPS): kwambiri yosavuta, ndi m’mbali ya Orange glow. Zimadziwika kuti ndi zomera zokoma komanso zosatha, koma zimakhala zolimba kwambiri ndipo zimatha kumera m’malo osiyanasiyana.
• Sodyamu yotsika kwambiri (HPS): yodziwika bwino ya apulo-pinki. Kutentha ndi kuwala kwa buluu kuposa golide.
• Metal halide: mpweya wobiriwira, wolemera mu buluu.
• LEDs: Tsopano ndi kusankha kofala kwambiri. Ogwira ntchito bwino, okhazikika komanso, mosasamala kanthu, opanda malire: amatha kugwa pansi pamene mizinda ndi yoyera ndipo imabwereranso kumapeto kwa dzuwa pomwe ikufunikira.

Mizinda yambiri ikusintha ma streetlights oyambirira ndi LED. Izi ndi mwayi wagolide wochepetsa kusefukira kwa dzuwa, koma ngati mabowo atsopanowo ali otetezeka komanso otentha. American Medical Association idalimbikitsa mu 2016 kuti kuwala kwa anthu azikhala pa 3000 K kapena pansi. M’malo mwake, chinyezi chowala cha buluu-chinyezicho chimayambitsa kuwala kwa dzuwa kopanda malire.

Chifukwa chiyani mtundu ndi wofunika

Kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kuwala kwa mwezi. Kuwala, mu kelvin (K). Mawerengedwe ochepa amatanthauza kutentha, kuwala kwachinyezi; mawerengedwe opitilira akuwonetsa kutentha, kuwala kofiira. Mdima wabuluu umafalikira m’atmosfere kwambiri kuposa mwanga wofiira, choncho ndiwo umene umawala kwambiri kumwamba. Ndi gawo la spectrum lomwe limauza thupi kuti “ndi tsiku” ndipo ndilo gawo lomwe limachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisamadziwe komwe tili.

Kuwala

Kuwala kwa mawonedwe opanda pake kumachepetsa kugwirizana ndi kuteteza zowopsa usiku. Matendawa amachititsa kuti anthu azivutika kwambiri. Kuwala koyenera panthawi yokwanira imalola maso kuti azisintha ndikuwona zambiri, osati zochepa.

Kulankhulana ndi achibale ndi mabungwe

• Start friendly. Anthu ambiri sanaganizepo za mawonedwe awo. Kufotokoza kuti chinyezi chotentha ndi choyera ndi chotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso chosawoneka bwino; pezani tsambali.
• Offer a zosavuta kuchotsa: wotentha bafa, timer, kapena chida. Kupereka thandizo kuti likhale loyenera nthawi zambiri kumatha kuchotsa vutoli.
• Kwa bungwe lanu, pezani m’njira yofupi: funsani ngati malo ali ndi malamulo owonetsera kunja; funsani kuti ma streetlights atsopano ndi osinthika aziteteza bwino, 3000 K kapena pansipa, ndipo amalowetsedwa usiku; funsani kuteteza kwa dzuwa la dzuwa la zipinda ndi zosunga zachilengedwe. Pitani kwa yankho lolemba.
• Bring numbers. Mabungwe amayankha ndalama: kuwala kwa LED komwe kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri mitengo yamagetsi yowunikira.

Momwe mungathandize

• Fix one light this week: yours.
• Kugawana chithunzi cha m’mbuyomu ndi pambuyo pake cha magetsi omwe mwateteza kapena kutentha.
• Mapa oipa kwambiri m’mphepete mwake ndi kutumiza kwa khothi lanu.
• Kuchita chithandizo kuti muchite ntchito yoyang’anira kuwala kapena kuwerengetsa mitengo ya nyenyezi pogwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza board.

Zogulitsa ndi kuphunzira zambiri

• DarkSky International ndi IES, Malamulo asanu a zowunikira zakunja zoyang’anira
• DarkSky International, Malamulo a kuwala
• DarkSky International, Makampani Ovomerezeka a DarkSky
• American Medical Association (2016), AMA imagwiritsa ntchito malangizo kuti ichepetse kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto owala kwambiri