Uxinzelelo olunamandla lunceda: i-slingshot ekhululekileyo

Ngo-1977 iinqanawa ezimbini zeVoyager zashiya umhlaba kwindlela esebenzisa ulungelelaniso oluqhelekileyo lweJupiter, Saturn, Uranus kunye neNeptune, okwenzekayo minyaka yonke engama-175 okanye njalo. Iplanethi nganye yajika indlela yayo kwaye yazikhupha phambili ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphandle kwezi zixhaso ezikhululekileyo, iVoyager 2 ayizange ifike kwiNeptune kwiminyaka elishumi elinambini.

Iplanethi ayinika amandla. Ikunika intshukumo yayo.

Bona

Umfanekiso webhola yetenisi eqhutywa phambi kwenqwelo-moya ehambayo. Ibuyela umva ngokukhawuleza kuneleyo yatywinwa, kuba itreyini yayihamba kuyo. Uncedo lwengqwalaselo yelanga lifana nento enye, ngengqwalaselo yelanga endaweni yokungqubana:

1. Ibonakaliswa kwiplanethi, inqwelo-moya iwela ngaphakathi, ijikeleza kwaye ikhupha ngaphandle nge isantya esifanayo sayo. Kuguquka kuphela imiyalelo.
2. Ibonakaliswe liLilanga, iplanethi ngokwayo ihamba ngee km/s ezininzi. Yongeza loo msebenzi kwinqanawa yendawo engaphandle phambi na emva kokuhamba: ngenxa yokuba imiyalelo itshintshile, uxinzelelo olupheleleyo lunokunyuka kakhulu emva koko.

Ukudlula ngasemva kweplanethi, kwindlela yeplanethi, idibanisa isantya. Ukudlula emva kuyisusa; ngoko ke iMessenger yakhawuleza ukufinyelela kwi-Mercury.

Ukuqonda

In the example, the spacecraft approaches Jupiter at v∞ = 7.5 km/s and passes 5 Jupiter radii from the centre. I-hyperbola ijikelezisa umgca wayo nge

δ = 2 arcsin(1/e),   e = 1 + r_p v∞² / μ

Nge μ_Jupiter = 1.267 × 10⁸ km³/s², e = 1.16 kwaye ukujika kumalunga 119 degrees. Adding Jupiter’s orbital velocity (13.1 km/s):

• Phambi: malunga ne 7.6 km/s ehambelana nelanga.
• Emva: malunga 19.9 km/s Iiplanethi

Iinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya zafumana ngaphezulu kwe12 km/s ngaphandle kokutshisa injini. Jupiter, 10²⁴ times heavier, lost the same momentum and slowed by an amount far too small ever to measure.

Umphathi

Utshintsho olukhulu olunokwenzeka kwisantya se-heliocentric yi-2 v∞ sin (δ/2), efikelelwe xa ukungena kunye nokuphuma kwesantya esihambelanayo sibekwe ngokuthe ngqo malunga nesantya seplanethi. Xa idlula ngaphantsi (incinci r_ p) kwaye iplanethi inkulu, i δ iya kuba mkhulu, ukuya kumda omiselwe yi-atmosphere yeplanethi okanye umda.

Ukutsala okuncedisayo kutshintshiselana ngeenkqubo ze-orbit ye-energy kwingxaki yezinto ezintathu: kwiplanethi i-frame energy igcinwa; kwi-Sun’s frame i-spacecraft’s energy itshintsha yiΔ = v_planet · Δv_rel. Abayili bemisitho badibanisa (iCassini: iVenus, iVenus, iNyanga, iJupiter) kwaye badibanisa ii iinqwelo ezinamandla ezincinci apho ukutshisa kufutshane kakhulu nokuqhuba inzuzo kwiOberth effect.