Kulemera kwamadzi kumathandiza: slingshot yopanda malire

Pa 1977, Voyager awiri spacecraft anachoka dziko lapansi pa njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito osiyana aliyense wa Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus ndi Neptune, zomwe zimachitika kamodzi pa zaka 175 kapena choncho. Pamenepo, nyanja zinayamba kutuluka m’madziwo ndipo zinawapangitsa kukhala olimba kwambiri. Without those free boosts, Voyager 2 could never have reached Neptune in twelve years.

M’malo mwake, magetsi sayenera kuwononga mphamvu. Ikukupatsani chiwongola dzanja chake.

Onani

Kuganizira mpira wa tenisi anaika pa m’mbali ya njanji yonyamula. Izi zinali zosatheka chifukwa chakuti ndegeyo inayenda mofulumira kwambiri kuposa momwe ilili. A gravity kuthandizira ndi mfundo yofanana, ndi gravity m’malo mwa kugwa:

1. Kuchokera pa dziko lapansi, chombo cha kunyanja chimatuluka, chimayenda mozungulira ndipo chimatuluka ndi mtunda wofanana womwe chidalowa nawo. Koma mfundo yokhayo imasintha.
2. Kuchokera ku dzuwa, dziko lapansi likugwira ntchito pa makilomita ambiri / s. Kuwonjezera kuti m’mbuyo ndi pambuyo pa ndege ya spacecraft: chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa njira, the kusamvana galimoto angathe kukhala kwambiri pambuyo.

Kupita kumbuyo kwa dziko lapansi, m’mphepete mwake, kumawonjezera kuthamanga. Kupita kumbuyo kumachotsa; choncho Messenger idathamanga kuti ifike ku Mercury.

Kumvetsa

M’chitsanzo, chombo cha kumwamba chimafika ku Jupiter pa v∞ = 7.5 km / s ndi kupita 5 Jupiter radii kuchokera kukatikati. The hyperbola bends yake mfundo ndi

δ = 2 arcsin(1/e),   e = 1 + r_p v∞² / μ

Ndi μ_Jupiter = 1.267 × 10⁸ km³/s², e = 1.16 ndipo kuzungulira ndi pafupifupi 119 madigiri. Kuwonjezera pa Jupiter’s orbital velocity (13.1 km / s):

• Pambuyo: pafupifupi 7.6 km/s poyerekeza ndi dzuwa.
• Pambuyo: 19.9 km/s mogwirizana ndi Sun.

The spacecraft gained over 12 km/s without firing an engine. Jupiter, 10²⁴ times heavier, lost the same momentum and slowed by an amount far too small ever to measure.

Woyang’anira

Kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutalika kwa heliocentric ndi 2 v∞ sin(δ/2), komwe kumafikira pamene kulowa ndi kutuluka kwa ma velocities amaikidwa mofanana ndi kuthamanga kwa planeta. Kutalika kwa mpweya wozungulira (r) ndi kuwala kwake kumadalira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa mpweya, ndipo kotero kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kumadalira kwambiri kukula kwa mpweya.

Kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu zamagetsi, chifukwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kumasinthana ndi kutentha kwa chilengedwe ndipo kumakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana: Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumasinthana ndi kutentha kwa chilengedwe. Opanga maphunziro amawapatsa (Cassini: Venus, Venus, Earth, Jupiter) ndipo awonjezera ochepa powered flybys kumene kuwononga pa zogwirizana njira profits kuchokera Oberth zotsatira.