Gravity assists: free slingshot

A cikin 1977, jiragen sama biyu na Voyager sun bar Duniya a kan hanya wadda take amfani da daidaitacce mai ban sha’awa na Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus da Neptune, wanda ke faruwa sau ɗaya kowace shekara 175. Kuma kõwace wata tã yi gudu da ita a kan hanyarta. Ba tare da wadannan kyauta ba, Voyager 2 ba zai iya isa Neptune ba a cikin shekaru goma sha biyu.

Wannan duniyar bã ta fitar da zafi. Kuma Yanã bã ku gudunta.

Look

Ka yi tunanin wani kwallon tennis da aka jefa a gaba na jirgin kasa mai tafiya. Kuma ya yi gudu da sauri fiye da yadda aka jẽfa shi, dõmin jirgin yana tafiya zuwa gare shi. A gravity aid shi ne tunanin guda, da gravity a matsayin wani tashin hankali:

1. Kamar yadda aka gani daga duniyar, jirgin sararin samaniya ya faɗi cikin, ya juya kuma ya tashi a a daidai wannan gudun da ya zo da shi. Hanyar kawai take canjawa.
2. A ganinta daga rana, duniyar kanta tana motsa da kilomimita masu yawa a kowane sakan. Ƙara wannan motsi zuwa jirgin sararin samaniya kafin da bayan tafiyar: saboda hanyar ta canja, gudun gabaɗaya zai iya zama mafi girma bayan.

Motsa baya planet, cikin bayan planet, yana ƙara gudu. in front ya ɗauke shi; Kamar haka Manzo ya yi jinkiri zuwa ga Mercury.

Understand

A misali, jirgin sararin samaniya yana kusa da Jupiter a v∞ = 7.5 km/s kuma ya wuce radii 5 na Jupiter daga tsakiya. Kuma, haƙĩƙa, Allah Ya saukar da shi a cikin littafin.

δ = 2 arcsin(1/e),   e = 1 + r_p v∞² / μ

Da μ_Jupiter = 1.267 × 10⁸ km³/s², e = 1.16 kuma juyawa yana da kimanin Digiri 119. Ƙara gudun orbit na Jupiter (13.1 km/s):

• A baya: game da 7.6 km/s dangane da rana.
• Bayan: game da 19.9 km/s dangane da rana.

Jirgin ya samu fiye da 12 km/s ba tare da wani injin wuta ba. Jupiter, 10²⁴ times heavier, lost the same momentum and slowed by an amount far too small ever to measure.

Master

Mafi girman canjin da zai yiwu na gudun heliocentric shine 2 v∞ sin(δ/2), an samu shi lokacin da saurin da ke shigowa da fitarwa aka sanya su daidai game da sauri na duniyar. Duk da yake akwai wasu nau’ikan kwayoyin halitta masu yawa, mafi yawansu suna dauke da wani abu mai kama da sinadarai ko kuma abubuwa masu kama da su.

Aikin haɗin gwiwar jujjuyawar jiki shi ne canja wurin makamashi na orbital a cikin matsalar jikin uku: a cikin tsarin duniyar, ana kiyaye makamashin; a cikin tsarin rana, makamashin jirgin sama yana canzawa ta hanyar Δ = v_planet · Δv_rel. Masu zane-zane na aikin su ne suka haɗa su (Cassini: Venus, Venus, Earth, Jupiter) kuma suka ƙara flybys masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke da wuta a kusa da hanyar samun riba daga tasirin Oberth.