Ukufinyelela e-orbit

Isikhala siyi-100 km nje kude, kuncane kunalokho abantu abaningi abahamba khona. Ukufinyelela phezulu khona kulula: ama-rockets ashayayo akwenza ngemizuzu emincane yokundiza bese ehla emuva. Ukuhlala phezulu khona kuyingxenye enzima. Ukuhlala kufanele kube yi-7.8 km/s yejubane elihamba phambili, futhi cishe yonke imoto yerocket isetshenziswa kulo.

Ukuya phezulu kuthatha imizuzwana. Ukuya ngakwesobunxele ngokushesha kuthatha cishe yonke igesi.

Bona

Ukuqashwa kunezinqubo ezine:

1. Phezulu ngemizuzu emincane, ukususa i-tower kanye ne-air eqinile.
2. I-gravity turn. Ukwehla okuncane, amaqondo amabili, futhi i-gravity yenza konke okunye: indlela ihamba ngeyodwa ngenkathi ama-engine acindezela ngaso. Akukho ukujikeleza okuqinile, okungukuthi, ukulimaza i-rocket encane emkhathini.
3. Ukumiswa. Ngemuva kwamaminithi amabili nengxenye isiqephu sokuqala singenalutho futhi siwela phezulu. Isimo esiphezulu, esikhanya kakhulu, siqhubeka nokuthutha.
4. Indiza iphakathi kwe-flat, ithuthukisa isivinini esisodwa kuze kube yilapho ifinyelela kwi-orbit speed. Injini ivala. I-satellite ihamba nge-orbit, ijikeleza umhlaba ngamizuzu engu-88 noma njalo.

Ukuqashwa kwesokudla kusiza: Isivinini sezulu sinikeza i-0.465 km/s ekhululekile esiqhingini. Lokhu kuyisizathu sokuthi izifunda eziningi zokuqashwa zibheke umfula enyakatho.

Ukuqonda

Kulesi silinganiso esiphezulu, isithuthi sichitha cishe ama-9.3 km/s we “delta-v” (ushintsho oluphelele lwejubane elikwazi ukulinikeza imishini yayo) ukuze sifike ku-7.8 km/s kuma-200 km. Ukuhlukana kuwuukulahleka kwengcindezi: ngenkathi i-rocket iqhubeka nokukhombisa phezulu, iningi lethusi liyigcina kuphela ebhekene nengcindezi endaweni yokuyisheshisa.

Ama-rockets angempela nawo abhekana nokuphazamiseka kwezulu futhi alahlekelwa yimisebenzi ethile yokuqhuba. Imali ejwayelekile ebhalwe nge-orbital yeplanethi ephansi yi 9.3 kuya ku-10 km/s, okungukuthi ilingana.

Isikhathi esifanayo	Isikhathi	I-Altitude	Isivinini
Isigaba sokuqala senjini siqhekeke	mayelana 2 min 24 s	cishe amakhilomitha angama-90	mayelana 3.0 km/s
Isikhashana sesibili sokuqeda, e orbit	mayelana 7 min 37 s	cishe amakhilomitha angama-200	7.8 km/s

Isikhashana sokuqala, esicishe siphele ku-3 km/s, sihamba kancane kakhulu ukuze sifinyelele engxenyeni yelanga futhi sibuyela emuva (i-Falcon 9 iphinde ibuye ilande).

Umphathi

Isimo esiphezulu kule modeli sisebenzisa umthetho wokuqondisa ovulekile. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ikhetha i-engile yokuhamba θ ukuze ukusheshisa okuthe nkqo kulungise ubude nokwehla komkhawulo:

a_T sin θ = μ/r² − v_h²/r + k₁(r_target − r) − k₂·v_r

Izilimi ezimbili zokuqala yi-gravity ngaphandle kwe “centrifugal” relief yejubane elihambayo. Uma i-v_h ifinyelela kwijubane elijikelezayo √(μ/r), lezi ezimbili ziyeka futhi amaphuzu esigaba aphele. Izimoto ezingokoqobo zisebenzisa ama-schemes angcono kakhulu (njengoba i-Apollo-era iterative guidance mode, noma ukuqondiswa okucacile kwe-Space Shuttle) okunciphisa ugesi wokuqhuba, kodwa umthetho ufanayo.

Ukungenisa ngaphakathi kwe-orbit kuqedela ngezinga lokujikeleza eliphansi liyi zero ngokuqondile ephakameni okuhloswe ngalo, futhi izinga lokujikeleza elivulekile lilingana ne √(μ/r). Uma ukhohlwa noma kunjalo, i-orbit izobe iyi-ellipsis, nengxenye ephansi ingase ibe ngaphakathi kwe-atmosphere.