Kusvika pa orbit

Space iri chete pamusoro 100 km kure, pedyo kupfuura vanhu vakawanda commute. Kusvika pazvinenge kuri nyore: marockets anonzwa achienda nenguva pfupi yekufamba uye anodzokera. Kugara pazvinenge ndiko kwakanyanya kuoma. Kuti ugare, iwe unofanirwa kuve ne7.8 km/s yekumhanya kwepasi, uye pane zvakawanda zvemagetsi zvinodarika izvo.

Kukwira kunotora maminitsi. Kufamba kumashure kwakanyanya kunoita kuti mafuta awane nguva yakareba.

Ona

A kuvhura ane maviri mabasa:

1. Straight up kwemazuva mashoma, kuti uise chigaro uye mhepo yakaoma.
2. Kukanganisa kwesimba remhepo. Chimwe chidiki chinobata, zvishoma nezvishoma, uye simba remhepo rinoita zvese zvaro: nzira inofamba neimwe nzira imwecheteyo, nepo injini dzichisimudza. Hapana kutsvuka, izvo zvinoparadza yakapfava rocket mumhepo inofamba.
3. Staging. Pashure pemakore maviri nemaviri nehafu, iyo yekutanga stage inobuda pasina chinhu uye inowira pasi. The upper stage, much lighter, keeps pushing.
4. Kufamba kwakanyanya, kusimudza kumhanya kwepasi kusvika pasvika pakutenderera. Iyo injini inovharwa. Iyo spacecraft iri muorbit, ichitenderera nyika yega yega 88 maminitsi kana kuti so.

Kutanga kuchamhembe kunobatsira: Spin yenyika inopa 0.465 km / s paEquator. Izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti nzvimbo dzekumisikidza dzione sekuti dzinotarisa kuchamhembe kwegungwa.

_Zvinyorwa

Mukufananidza pamusoro, chitima anobhadhara nezve 9.3 km/s of “delta-v” (kuchinja kwese kwesimba remhepo iyo injini dzayo dzinogona kupa) kuti dzive nesimba re 7.8 km/s pa 200 km. Chimwe chinhu Gravity: apo rocket iri kusvikira parizvino ichienda pamusoro, chikamu chekusimudza kwayo chichiramba ichienda pasi pesimba renyika kwete kuti iite kuti ive nesimba.

Real rocket zvakare inopikisa kumanikidza kwemhepo uye inoita kuti zvive nyore kudzora. The unowanzoitika mari inotaurwa yepasi pevhu orbits ndeyo 9.3 kusvika 10 km/s, iyo inoenzanisa.

Mufananidzo	_Zvinyorwa	Altitude	_Speed:
Kuvharwa kwechirongwa chekutanga chekumisikidza	about 2 min 24 s	nezve 90 km	3.0 km/s
Chikamu chekutanga chakavharwa, muorbit	about 7 min 37 s	nezve 200 km	7.8 km/s

Chikamu chekutanga, chinovharwa pa3 km/s, chine nguva yakareba kwazvo yekusvika muorbit uye chinodzokera kumashure (Falcon 9 boosters zvinodzokera kunyika).

Munyori

The upper stage mune iyi model inoshandisa nyore closed-loop kutungamirira pamutemo. Pazuva rimwe nerimwe inosarudza angle θ kuitira kuti zvigayo zve vertical acceleration zvigadzirise altitude uye kukwira kwemhepo:

a_T sin θ = μ/r² − v_h²/r + k₁(r_target − r) − k₂·v_r

Zvimwe zviviri zvinonzi gravity minus the “centrifugal” relief of horizontal speed. Sezvo v_h ichisvika pakutenderera kwesimba √(μ/r), izvo zviviri zvinobvisa uye nzvimbo dzemugwagwa dzinopenya. Zvitima zvechokwadi zvinoshandisa zvirongwa zvakagadzirirwa (semuenzaniso, Apollo-era iterative guidance mode, kana powered explicit guidance paSpace Shuttle) izvo zvinoderedza kupisa kwepropellant, asi chimiro ndechekuti icho chinhu chimwe chete.

Kupinda muorbit kunopera nezero ye vertical speed zvakajeka pa target height, uye horizontal speed imwechete ne √(μ/r). Kana uchikanganwa imwe, ipapo orbit ichava yeellipse, ine nzvimbo yakaderera mukati meatmosphere.