Ifikelelwe kwi orbit

Isithuba simalunga ne-100 km kude, kufutshane kunendlela abantu abaninzi abahamba ngayo. Ukunyuka apha kulula: i-rockets ezisandula ukubetha ziyenza ngemizuzu emibini yokuhamba kwaye zihla ngokuthe ngqo. Ukuhlala phezulu apho yinxalenye enzima. Ukuhlala kufuneka ufike kwi-7.8 km/s yesantya esithe tyaba, kwaye ininzi yefuthe lerocket lisetyenziswa kuloo nto.

Ukunyuka kuthatha imizuzu. Ukuya ngaphaya ngokukhawuleza kuthatha ifuthe lonke.

Bona

Ukuqalisa kunomyalelo wesine:

1. Nqakraza phezulu ngemizuzwana emibini, ukucoca i-tower kunye nomoya oqinileyo.
2. Isigxina sokugquma. Ukugquma okuncinci, amaqondo amabini, kunye nesigxina sisenza isiphelo: indlela ijikeleza ngokwayo ngelixa iinjini ziyicinezela ngaphaya kwayo. Akukho zijikelezo eziqinileyo, eziya kutshisa i-rocket encinci kwisantya somoya.
3. Ukufaka inkqubo. Emva kwemizuzu emibini nengxenye inkqubo yokuqala ayisebenzi kwaye iwela phantsi. Inqanaba eliphezulu, elikhanyayo kakhulu, liqhubeka lityhala.
4. Inqwenela ukuwela, iqhuba ngasecaleni de ibe nesantya esijikelezayo. Injini ivala. Inqwelomoya yesathelayithi ikwi orbit, ijikeleza ihlabathi nganye kwimizuzu engama-88 okanye njalo.

Ukuqalisa ukuya kumntla kunceda: Ujikelezo lwehlabathi lwenza ukuba kubekho 0.465 km/s kwi-equator. Le yisizathu sokuba iindawo ezininzi zokuqalisa zijonge elwandle emazantsi.

Ukuqonda

In the simulation above, the vehicle spends about 9.3 km/s of “delta-v” (the total change of velocity its engines can provide) to reach a speed of 7.8 km/s at 200 km. Utshintsho luyi ulahleko lwengqwalaselo: ngelixa i-rocket iqhubeka ibonisa phezulu, indawo yoxinzelelo lwayo igcina kuphela ukumelana neengqwalaselo endaweni yokukhawulezisa.

Ii-rockets ezinyanzelekileyo ziye zahlasela ukutsala umoya kwaye zilahle ezinye iimpawu zokuqhuba. Imali eqhelekileyo ethethwayo ye orbiti esezantsi yehlabathi yi 9.3 ukuya kwi-10 km/s, ehambelana nayo.

Ixesha lolinganiso	Ixesha	Ubukhulu	Isantya
Inqanaba lokuqala lokucima i-injini	malunga ne 2 min 24 s	malunga ne-90 km	malunga ne 3.0 km/s
Inqanaba lesithathu lokucima, kwi-orbit	malunga ne 7 min 37 s	malunga ne-200 km	7.8 km/s

Inqanaba lokuqala, elicutshiweyo kwi-3 km/s, lihamba kancinci kakhulu ukuze lijikeleze kwaye libuyela umva (iFalcon 9 iiboosters ziqhuba ngokwazo ziye elwandle).

Umphathi

Inqanaba eliphezulu kule modeli isebenzisa umthetho olula wokukhokela umbhobho ovaliweyo. Kwimo nganye ikhetha i-engile yokuhamba θ ukuze ukhawuleziso oluthe nkqo lulungise ubude kunye noxinzelelo lokunyuka:

a_T sin θ = μ/r² − v_h²/r + k₁(r_target − r) − k₂·v_r

Iinkqubo ezimbini zokuqala ziyi-gravity engaphantsi kwe “centrifugal” uncedo lwesantya esithe tyaba. Xa i-v_h ifike kwisantya esijikelezayo √(μ/r), ezimbini zilahle kwaye iziqendu zenqanaba zithe tyaba. Izithuthi ezinyanzelekileyo zisebenzisa inkqubo egqibeleleyo (umzekelo, indlela yokuqhuba ephindaphindwayo yexesha le-Apollo, okanye ulawulo olucacileyo olunamandla kwinqwelomoya yokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu) okunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kodwa isiseko sifanayo.

Ukungenisa kwi orbit kugqiba nge-zero yesantya esithe nkqo ngokuchanekileyo kumphakamo wenjongo, nesantya esithe tyaba silingana no√(μ/r). Ukungabikho nanye kwaye i-orbit ibe yi-ellipsis, nendawo yayo ephantsi ingaba ngaphakathi kwemozulu.