Kuwonjezeka kwa nyanja

Kuyambira mu 1993, ma satellites amayang’anira kukula kwa madzi otentha m’nyanja kuchokera ku orbit mpaka kumasentimita angapo, nthawi ndi nthawi, padziko lonse lapansi. Kulemba kwawo kumasiya ochepa kukayikira: kuchuluka kwa dziko lonse lapansi kwa madzi a m’nyanja kwawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi masentimita asanu mu zaka zitatu, ndipo ndi kuwonjezeka mofulumira pano kuposa pamene mfundo anayamba. Panthawi yakale, kuyambira 1901 mpaka 2018, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu kunali pafupifupi 20 masentimita, mofulumira kuposa m’zaka za zana lapitali zaka makumi atatu, malinga ndi IPCC.

Magalimoto awiri

Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti madzi a m’nyanja aziyenda, ndipo zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha:

• Mkuwa umawonjezeka pamene madzi amatentha. Mtsinjewu watulutsa pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya kutentha komwe kumachokera ku gasi yochititsa kuti dzuwa liziwala. M’madzi otentha amatenga malo ambiri. Kuyambira 1971 mpaka 2018, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumafotokoza pafupifupi theka la kuchuluka.
• Mtsinje wa Irtysh umadutsa m’chigawochi. Ma glaciers a mapiri amabwerera, ndipo zigawo zamadzi ozizira za Greenland ndi Antarctica zimatha kuwononga madzi ozizira kuposa momwe chinyezi chimasinthira. Kusungunuka kwa madzi otentha a m’nyanja, omwe kale akuyenda, sikungawonjezerepo chilichonse; kusungunuka kwa madzi otentha a dziko lapansi kumawonjezera moyenera kunyanja.

M’malo mwake, nthawi yozizira ndi yaitali

Mtsinjewo umayenda mofulumira. Kutentha kumapitilizabe kufalitsa m’nyanja yayikulu komanso ma ice sheets amasinthasintha zaka zambiri pambuyo poti mpweya ulephera kuwala, kotero kuti kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwatsopano kulipo kale. Zimene timakonda pano amasankha mmene ndi momwe mofulumira. IPCC’s otheka zosiyanasiyana kwa 2100, mogwirizana ndi 1995 kuti 2014, kumayenda kuchokera 0.28 mpaka 0.55 mita mu njira yotsika-emitting kuti 0.63 mpaka 1.01 mita m’chipinda choyamba. Kuwonjezeka kwa mamita awiri mpaka 2100 sikungatheke ngati madzi amadzimadzi sadzakhala olimba.

Pamene madzi amadzimadzi amawonjezeka, mapiri ambiri amakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira kuteteza nyumba zawo.

Chofunika kwa anthu sichokha malingana ndi kuchuluka. Mtsinje wotsika amasintha madzi osefukira omwe angakhale ovuta kukhala ofanana: m’madera ambiri, madzi osefukira omwe anali kuchitika kamodzi pa zaka makumi awiri akuyembekezeka kuti adzachitika chaka chilichonse mpaka 2100 chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri. Mtsinje wa mchere umalowa m’madzi otentha ndi madzi amadzi, ndipo nyanja zina zimagwanso chifukwa cha madzi a m’mphepete mwa nyanja amatuluka, zomwe zimawonjezera zotsatira zake.

Kodi tingachite

• Kuchepetsa kutulutsa. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri: panthawi iliyonse yomwe imalepheretsa kutulutsa CO2, imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutentha.
• Kuteteza. Zitseko za m’nyanja, mapiri oteteza madzi ndi zitetezo zowonjezereka monga Thames Barrier kapena Dutch Delta Works, zimapatsa nthawi mizinda yokhala ndi anthu ambiri.
• Accomodate. Kuwonjezera maofesi ndi mizinda, madzi opanda madzi pansi pa nthaka, ndi kupanga kutulutsa madzi kwa mafunde akuluakulu.
• Kugwira ntchito ndi chilengedwe. Mangroves, masamba a mchere, dunes ndi magombe amatulutsa mphamvu yamadzimadzi ndikukula ndi nyanja, nthawi zambiri motsika mtengo kuposa konkriti.
• Phunzirani kuchoka komwe kuli kofunikira. M’malo ena, njira yotetezeka kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi kunyamula anthu ndi zida kuchokera kumapiri, moyenera komanso nthawi yachilimwe.
• Sungani kusefukira. Kuletsa kutulutsa madzi amadzimadzi kumathamanga kuphulika komwe kumapangitsa kuti madzi azitsika kwambiri.

Momwe mungathandize

• Zitanitsani zoipa zanu. Pezani nyumba yanu, sukulu kapena malo ogwira ntchito pa mapu a nyanja kapena madzi osefukira, ndipo mupange ndondomeko ya banja ngati muli pafupi ndi nyanja.
• Kuteteza chilengedwe chakum’mawa. Kuchita ntchito yothandiza kapena kuthandizira mabungwe omwe amabwezeretsa mangroves, madzi otentha ndi dunes.
• Funsani kachisi wanu za ndondomeko yake yosintha, ndipo ngati nyumba yatsopano ndibe kuloledwa m’dziko loyenera kusefukira.
• Kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwanu komwe kumadalira kwambiri: kutentha kwanyumba, kuyenda ndi mphamvu.
• Share the data. Translator this explainer or add local tide-gauge data through the contribution board.

Zogulitsa ndi kuphunzira zambiri

• IPCC (2021), AR6 Working Group I, Mfundo zazikulu za opanga malamulo
• IPCC (2021), AR6 Working Group I, Chapter 9: Ocean, cryosphere ndi kusintha kwa madzi anyanja
• IPCC (2019), Zidziwitso Zosiyanasiyana pa Ocean ndi Cryosphere mu Chitetezo cha Climate
• Kuchokera ku bungwe la NOAA Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry, Sea level rise. Zithunzi za altimetry zimaperekedwa ndi NOAA Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry.
• NASA, Chisinthiko cha mtsinje