I-Fan Wall

Yonke i-turbine yomoya okubonayo landela lo mqondo: kwakha isivinini esincane kakhulu, uyibeke phezulu kakhulu, bese ushiya ama-blades amakhulu ahlanze izulu. Isebenza kahle. Kudinga futhi ama-cranes, izimoto, indawo evulekile, iminyaka yezimvume, futhi kubulala izinhlanzi. Sifuna ukuhlola imibono ephikisanayo.

Imibono

Thola ifan encane ye-axial epholile ikhompyutha. Sebenzisa ngaphambili: vumela umoya ujikeleze i-rotor, futhi imoto engenazintambo ngaphakathi ibe yigenerator encane. Put sixteen of them in a module the size of a pizza box, give each one a shaped funnel that speeds up the air, and cover a wall with thousands of modules.

If one fan breaks, the wall loses one hundred-thousandth of its output, and anyone with a screwdriver can replace it. Amamodyuli aphuma ezindleleni ezijwayelekile. Bangakwazi ukuphumula engxenyeni yesitezi, ukunyuka ikhonkolo yesakhiwo noma ukufaka amapaneli we-sound barrier yendlela.

lapho ingakhanya khona

Izinyoni nezibhakabhaka. Izinjini ezinkulu ziyinkinga ejwayelekile yemvelo: kulinganiselwa ukuthi izilwane ezingu-140,000 kuya ku-328,000 ziyafa ngonyaka emathunjini afanayo e-United States (Loss, Will and Marra, 2013). I-150 m rotor ejikeleza nge-10 rpm ihamba ngezinhlamvu zayo ezincane ku π × 150 m × 10 / 60 s ≈ 79 m/s. I-120 mm fan engezansi kwe-10 mm mesh ishintsha iziphetho zayo ngejubane lokuhamba. Akukho muntu olinganisele ukuxhumana kwezilwane nezindonga ezincane ze-fan, ngakho ukuhlolwa kwayo kuyingxenye yephrojekthi yethu.

Indawo. Umoya uhamba ngokushesha lapho kucindezelwa khona: phezu kwengxenye yesitezi, esigabeni sesakhiwo, ngaphaya komgwaqo oncane. I-rotor enkulu ayikwazi ukulandelela lezi zindawo. I-array ehlukanisiwe ingazivikela ngokugcwele.

Izithuthi nokunakekelwa. Akukho Crane, akukho umchwepheshe, akukho ukuhanjiswa okukhethekile. Umgwaqo ogcwele 1,800 m² ufaka amakhadibhodi angama-1,700, amabhokisi empahla amane noma amabili.

Umoya nosuku ndawonye. Umoya uvame ukushaya ekuseni nasebusika, lapho amapaneli elanga aphansi khona. Kulesi sigodi esifanayo, lezi zimbili zingazihlanganisa.

I-physics, nge-mathematics

Umandla othwaliwe ngumoya ngendawo A yi P = ½ ρ A v³, lapho ρ = 1.225 kg/m³ kuyinto yokugqwala kwezulu futhi v ijubane lomoya. I-cube iyinto yonke: ku-6 m/s imitha eyodwa yesikwere ithatha ½ × 1.225 × 6³ ≈ 132 W; ku-12 m/s ithatha 1,058 W, izikhathi ezisithupha ngaphezulu.

Akukho mshini ojikelezayo ongawuthola wonke, ngoba umoya kufanele uqhubeke nokuhamba ngaphandle kwendlela. Umkhawulo we Betz uthi i-rotor evulekile ingakhishwa kuningi kunazo zonke 16/27 ≈ 59% zemandla elidlula ngalo.

I-rotor encane ayiyona i-rotor enkulu. Ushintsho lwe-physics.

Lapha yinkinga yokuqala ecacile. I-120 mm fan blade inentambo engaphezu kuka-2 cm. Ku-6 m/s inani layo leReynolds liyi Re = v × c / ν ≈ 6 × 0.02 / 0.000015 ≈ 8,000, imithetho lapho amabhere elahlekelwa khona ingxenye enkulu yokwehla kwabo. I-2 cm rotor eyenziwe njenge-turbine e-Imperial College yafinyelela ku-power coefficient engu-9% (Howey, Bansal noHolmes, 2011). Ama-fan wekhompyutha akhiwa ukuze acindezele umoya, hhayi ukuba acindezelwe ngawo. Sicabanga ukuthi i-rotor inempumelelo engu-5% (i-pessimistic), 10% (ephakathi) noma i-20% (i-optimistic), kanye ne-electric chain kusuka ku-fan kuya egridi engu-40, 55 noma i-70%.

I-ducts ingasiza. I-diffuser enesibhakabhaka esibanzi, i-”wind lens” ethuthukiswe eKyushu University, yaphindaphinda amandla we-rotor onesimo esifanayo nge-2 kuya ku-5 (Ohya neKarasudani, 2010). Kodwa-ke, i-duct ithatha indawo engaphambili: ukukhishwa okuningi kunalokho okungungxenye yekhono lokudlula endaweni ephambili yedivayisi akukabonisi (Dighe et al., 2018). Imodeli yethu icaps khona.

Ngezibalo eziphakathi, idonga lonke likhiqiza 7 kW ku-6 m/s, 34 kW ku-10 m/s kanye no-114 kW ku-15 m/s. Ubukhulu be-fan bushintsha amandla, njengoba zonke izilinganiso zifaka cishe i-55% yedonga nge-blades ejikelezayo; ishintsha inani lengxenye kanye nezindleko. Ama-ducts awina uma engaphezu kwengxenye ye-rotor’s output, ngoba bashiya indawo yama-fans ambalwa.

Ingabe amandla akhona ngonyaka

Umoya endaweni angeke uhlale njalo. Sisebenzisa amamodeli ahlukene amathathu omoya ojwayelekile (uRayleigh): isitezi sedolobha esiphakathi kuka-4 m/s, i intambo yemoto efinyelela ku-4.5 m/s kanye ne isiqhingi esivulekile esifinyelela ku-6.5 m/s. Umoya ovela ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo awunamandla: i-UK Carbon Trust yathola amasayithi ambalwa wokwakha angafinyelela kuma-5 m/s (Carbon Trust, 2008), futhi izimoto ezincane ezingu-26 ezifakwe ezindaweni zokwakha eWarwick Wind Trials zithole umqondo wekhono lokusebenza ka-0.85% (Encraft, 2009).

Ukwengeza, i-turbine ejwayelekile engu-3 MW esebenza nge-35% yezinga lokukhishwa kwegesi likhiqiza 3 MW × 8,760 h × 0.35 ≈ 9.2 GWh ngonyaka: cishe amafulethi angama-65 angaphandle.

Imali edingekayo

Silinganisela yonke ingxenye ngemitha emibili: ama-fan amelana nokushisa ku $3 to $8 ngayinye ngobukhulu, amafreyimu nemesh, imishini yezokuxhumana, kanye nokubekwa endaweni yokwakha esekhona. Idonga lonke lifika ku $0.76 million to $2.43 million (i-central $1.38 million) ngaphandle kwamapayipi. Unyaka ongaphezu kuka-20 ngezinga lentengo eliphansi lika-7%, nokunakekelwa, okunikezwayo izindleko zehora ngalinye le-kilowatt.

Ukufunda okuthembekile: ifakwe kusuka kuma-fans wekhompyutha anamuhla, i-Fan Wall ibiza ama-$1.20 per kWh on a windy coast and about $5 edolobhaneni kulesi simo esiphakathi. Izindleko zelanga ezihlala esitezi sendlu $0.12 to $0.28, umswakama we-utility-scale $0.03 to $0.07 (Lazard LCOE+, June 2024; IRENA, 2024). Njenge-power plant, i-concept ayifani namhlanje.

Yini efanele ibe yiqiniso

Ucwaningo lukhona ukushintsha inani elinjalo. Kundawo yasenyakatho enezintambo ezixhunywe ngamandla kanye ne-65% yentambo yogesi, izindleko ze-kWh zixhomekeka kuzinto ezimbili esingakwazi ukuzisebenza kuzo: ukuthi umshini ngamunye oxhunywe ngamandla uguqula kanjani umoya (ukusebenza kahle kwayo) nokuthi iyiphi imitha yesikwere sedonga ebiza ukufakelwa.

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-rotor exhunywe	$200 nge-m²	$400 nge-m²	$800 nge-m²
10%	$0.60	$1.21	$2.41
20%	$0.30	$0.60	$1.21
30%	$0.20	$0.40	$0.80
40%	$0.15	$0.30	$0.60

Izinhlelo zocwaningo

Isigaba	Siyini	Izinto esizilinganisela	Izindleko ezilinganiselwe
0. Ucwaningo lwedesktop	Ukufana kwekhompyutha kwezimo ze-duct, izitayela ze-blade kanye nesimo se-electric	Ukusebenza kahle nokulahleka okulindelekile	$15k to $30k
1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-bench	20 off-the shelf kanye 20 rotors custom emoya tunnel kusuka 3 kuya 15 m / s	I-efficiency curves, isivinini sokuqapha, inqwaba	$30k to $60k
2. Ingxenye eyodwa	I-16-fan module enezintambo nemishini yokusebenza	Ukusebenza kahle kwemodyuli, ngonyaka owodwa ngaphandle	$25k to $50k
3. 10 m² pilot	Iphaneli elinezisetshenziswa eziphezulu zesimanje enekhamera yemvelo	Ugesi, ukulahleka kwe-array, ukungena, izinhlanzi nezinkomo	$60k to $120k
4. Ukwakhiwa kwedonga eligcwele	Ukwakhiwa, isitifiketi, imodeli yezindleko zokuphela	Izindleko ezifakwe nge-m², izindleko nge-kWh	$50k to $100k

Amasigaba 0 kuya ku-3 adinga cishe $130,000 to $260,000. Idonga eligcwele liyiqiniso uma umgibeli eqinisekisile isinqumo. Wonke ucwaningo lukhokhelwa yi-Treasury ye Foundation, exhasa konke okudingayo iphrojekthi, kusuka ezibhedlela nabenzi kuya kumaseva nabantu; amadonsa angagcinwa kuhlelo olunye. I-report egcwele yezobuchwepheshe, imodeli nedatha yayo iyavuliwa: imodeli yedatha kanye ikhodi lemodeli.

Ungasiza kanjani

• Nciphisa Sidinga abantu abakwaziyo ukuphatha izimoto ezincane, ama-wind tunnels, amandla e-electronic, ukwakha imishini noma ukubheka izinhlanzi. Sinikeze umsebenzi.
• Inikeze isikhala esiphezulu. Isikhala esiphansi esinomswakama nesifinyelela esiphephile singahlala khona umgibeli ongu-10 m². Sitshele ukuthi ikhona kuphi nokuthi ibukeka kanjani.
• Hlanganisa idatha yezulu. Uma usebenza isikhumulo sezindiza sezulu esingaphansi kwendlu, elwandle noma emfuleni, unyaka wokuhlola izulu sisiza ukukhetha indawo yokuhlola.
• Ukuhlolwa ekhaya. I-fan ephephile, i-bridge rectifier ne-multimeter ku-balcony enemvula yenza iphrojekthi yesayensi enhle. Linganisa i-voltage ne-current emazulu ahlukene bese uthumela amanombolo.
• Sukuxhasa i Foundation. Izinkokhelo ziyodlula ku-Treasury futhi zigcine zonke izifundo zethu, kufaka phakathi lezo, zihamba.

Amasu

1. Howey, D.A., Bansal, A. noHolmes, A.S. (2011). Ukwakhiwa nokusebenzela kwe-turbine yezulu efakwe i-shell encane kakhulu yokuqoqa amandla. Amathuluzi nama-Structures ahlakaniphile 20, 085021.
2. Ohya, Y. noKarasudani, T. (2010). I-turbine yomoya egqoke i-shield ekhiqiza amandla aphezulu okuphuma nge-wind-lens technology. Energies 3(4), 634-649.
3. U-Dighe, u-V.V., u-de Oliveira, u-G., u-Avallone, u-F. no-van Bussel, u-G.J.W. (2018). Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-turbine yezulu exhunywe ku-duct kanye nokuzizwa kokusebenza kwesimo se-rotor. Isayensi ye-Energy Wind 3, 221-229.
4. I-Carbon Trust (2008). Ingcindezi yezulu encane: ukubikezela kwenqubomgomo nokuqondiswa okusebenzayo.
5. I-Encraft (2009). I-Warwick Wind Trials final report.
6. I-Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (2024). I-Distributed Wind Market Report, 2024 edition: imvula encane yaphakathi kuka- $7,370 ngekW efakwe futhi ngo-13% yesilinganiso sekhono ngo-2023.
7. Lazard (Juni 2024). Izindleko eziphezulu ze-Energy+.
8. IRENA (2024). Izindleko Zokukhiqizwa Kwengcindezi Evuselelekayo ngo-2023.
9. I-Odyssey Wall Ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ngalinye lokuhlala, EU.
10. Ukulawula ulwazi lwe-US Energy (2022). Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwe-electricity.
11. Ukulimala, S.R., Uzo, T. noMarra, P.P. (2013). Ukulinganiselwa kwengozi yokufa kwezilwane eziphilayo ezindaweni zomoya e-United States. Isilondolozi Sezolimo 168, 201-209.