Àwọn Ìpàlẹ̀

Gbogbo àwọn pẹ̀lú́ ọ̀fẹ́ tí o tì riì lórí lórí: kọ́ rotór kan bí a tí lè ṣé, fi hàn bí a tí lè jẹ́, ki o si fi àwọn ẹ̀yàn nlà náà lọ́wọ́lú. O ṣiṣẹ́ nípa ìrànwọ́. O tun nilo awọn ẹlẹsẹ, awọn ọna, ilẹ ti o han gbangba, ọdun ti awọn iwe-aṣẹ, ati pe o pa awọn ẹranko. A fẹ́ lati ṣayẹwo àwọn ero tí kò tọ́.

Awọn igun ti o wa ni iwaju ti Fani-ikun, 40 mita gigun ati 15 awọn ilẹkun giga, ti a dapọ sinu awọn modulu ti awọn fanimọra kekere, pẹlu ẹnikan ati ọkọ oju irin fun iwọn. — Iṣẹju Fani-ikun: 40 m gigun, 15 awọn ilẹkun (45 m) giga, 1,800 m² ti a dapọ ninu nipa 110,000 awọn fanimọra ti 120 mm, ti a ṣe ni awọn modumu plug-in 6,900. Local Solar System Àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfarawé.

Àwọn àkọlé

Lọ́wọ́lù àwọn aagó ìsàlẹ̀-ilà tí wọ́n fi kọ̀ǹpútà pamọ́. Rọ́ọ̀nù rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́: fi àwọn ìjánu-ìjánù wọ́n lọ́wọ́lù, àti motó tí kò ní brushes ní inú jẹ́ aagó kejì. Fi àwọn mẹ́tàláàrin-an lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ wọn sínú módílì tí o ní ìwọ̀n àwọn ẹ̀yàn pizza, fi gbogbo wọn sí ìlànà kọnputa tí a ṣé lè rọ́ọ̀nù ojú-ìlẹ̀, ki o si dá pánẹ́ẹ̀lì kan wọ̀nyí pẹlú awọn módílì ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀.

1,800 m²wall area: 40 m long, 15 floors of 3 m

109,863fans of 120 mm at 8 mm spacing (without ducts)

6,900plug-in modules of 16 fans, 3.5 kg each

79 m/sblade-tip speed of a 150 m rotor at 10 rpm; a 120 mm fan: about 6 m/s

Ti a ba pa fan kan, ilẹkun naa yoo padanu ọgọrun-un ninu awọn ohun ti o ṣẹṣẹ jade, ati pe ẹnikẹni ti o ni screwdriver le ṣe atunṣe rẹ. Àwọn módìlì náà nínú àwọn pákìtì ìṣàfarawe. Wọn le wa nibẹ lori ilẹkun, lọ si ori ile tabi ṣe atunṣe awọn panẹli ti o daabobo ohun-ọna.

Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́

Awọn ẹranko ati awọn ẹṣin. Awọn pẹpẹ nla jẹ iṣoro gidi fun igbesi aye ẹranko: a ṣe iṣiro pe 140,000 si 328,000 awọn ẹranko ku ni gbogbo ọdun ni awọn pẹpẹ monopole ni United States nikan (Loss, Will ati Marra, 2013). 150 m rotor ti o yi pada ni 10 rpm n gbe awọn itọka rẹ lọ si π × 150 m × 10 / 60 s ≈ 79 m/s. A 120 mm fan lẹhin a 10 mm meji yio rẹ titẹsi ni irin ajo iyara. Ko si ẹnikan ti o ṣe iwadi ibaraẹnisọrọ ẹranko pẹlu awọn ilẹkun micro-fan meshed titi di bayii, nitorinaa iwadi rẹ jẹ apakan ti eto wa.

Ìṣàfihàn. Ojú kọ́ọ̀kan náà tí a fi pọ̀ jú lọ: ni ààyè-iṣẹ́, nípa àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà ile-ìṣọ̀, nínú àgbègbè kaǹín. Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ yìí kò lè tẹle àwọn ìjánu-ìsún. A modular array lè pamọ́ sí wọn.

Àkàdé àwọn módìlì Pánẹ́ẹ̀lì Fáàmúlẹ̀yìn ní pàrápétì ile-ìbà kan, ibi tí ojú-irinṣẹ́ náà bá pọ̀ jú igun ìsàlẹ̀-ilà lọ. — Igun ìsàlẹ̀-ilà: Módìlì láàrin pàrápétì náà wọ́ inú ààyè ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú ìjánú Iṣẹ́ kọ̀ọ̀kan.

A vertical strip of Fan Wall modules on the windward corner of an office building. — Ìkégbèrè ile-iṣẹ́: a full-height strip where the flow accelerates around the building. Iṣẹ́ kọ̀ọ̀kan.

Ìṣàfihàn-ìpa-ọ̀ná kan tí a ṣe ní àwọn módílì Pánẹ́ẹ̀lì Fáà. — Àwọn módílì pánẹ́ẹ̀lì: àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì náà tí wa nínú ìgbà; àwọn módílì náà ń fi ìṣẹ̀dà hàn. Iṣẹ́ kọ̀ọ̀kan.

Ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ àti ìdárapọ. Ko sí ẹ̀yàn, ko sí alamọja, ko sí ìpaṣẹ́. A 1,800 m² gbogbo ile iṣọn le ni nipa 1,700 awọn apoti, mẹrin tabi mẹta ti gbigbe containers.

A cardboard carton holding four Fan Wall modules, 55 by 55 by 40 centimeters. — Ile-iṣe: mẹrin módùlù fun 55 × 55 × 40 cm ile-iṣe kan, nipa 15 kg, ti a gbè nipasẹ ẹnikan kan. Iṣẹ́ kọ̀ọ̀kan.

Oju-ọjọ ati oju-oorun nibẹ. Oju-ọjọ ti n bọ lojoojumọ ni alẹ ati ni igba otutu, nigba ti awọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oju-ọjọ bá jẹ́ lagbara. Ninu ile kanna, awọn meji le ṣe iranlọwọ fun ara wọn.

Fíìsì, láti inú àwọn mathematiki

Imudara ti o wa ni ayika agbegbe A jẹ P = ½ ρ A v³, nibiti ρ = 1.225 kg/m³ jẹ iwuwo oju-ọjọ ati v iyara oju-ọjọ. Kiibu ni gbogbo ohun: ni 6 m/s mita kan ti o wa ni square n gbe ½ × 1.225 × 6³ ≈ 132 W; ni 12 m/s o n mu 1,058 W, igba mẹrin diẹ sii.

Ko si rotoro ti o le gba gbogbo rẹ, nitori pe afẹfẹ gbọdọ tẹle ọna. Àwọn Ìgbà ìṣẹ̀dá sọ pé rótórà àtí òjó tí a ṣí lè yọ nípa ìpéwọ̀n 16/27 ≈ 59% ti agbara ti n lọ nipasẹ rẹ.

A tínnà rotórótìnì kò jẹ́ rotórótìnì nlà kéré. Àwọn ìyipadà àwọn ìṣàfarawé.

Nibẹ ni akọkọ buburu iṣoro. A 120 mm fan blade ni a chord ti nipa 2 cm. Ni 6 m/s nọmba Reynolds rẹ jẹ Re = v × c / ν ≈ 6 × 0.02 / 0.000015 ≈ 8,000, a ijọba nibiti awọn blades ti padanu diẹ ninu awọn lifting wọn. A 2 cm rotor ti a ṣe apẹrẹ bi a turbine ni Imperial College de si kan agbara coefficient ti nipa 9% (Howey, Bansal ati Holmes, 2011). Àwọn ìgbàrákọ́ kọ̀ǹpútà ní àwòrán lati fi ojú-ìyàn pamọ́, kò si láti fi pamọ́. Ninu awọn ọran wọnyi, a gba pe o ni agbara ti o dara julọ ti 5% (pessimistic), 10% (central) tabi 20% (optimistic), ati nẹtiwọọki ina lati fan si grid ti 40, 55 tabi 70%.

Ducts lè sé iranlọwọ. A diffuser pẹlu a wide brim, awọn “wind lens” ti o ni idagbasoke ni Kyushu University, multiplied the power of a rotor of the same diameter by about 2 to 5 (Ohya ati Karasudani, 2010). Ṣugbọn a duct gba frontal space: yiyọ diẹ sii ju nipa idaji agbara ti o kọja agbegbe frontal ti ẹrọ naa ko ti ṣe afihan (Dighe et al., 2018). Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ wà tí a fi pamọ́ níbẹ̀.

Ninu awọn aṣeju ti o wa ni apapọ, ilẹkun naa ṣe 7 kW ni 6 m/s, 34 kW ni 10 m/s ati 114 kW ni 15 m/s. Iwọn ti awọn fan ko ni yipada si agbara, nitori gbogbo awọn iwọn ṣe afihan nipa 55% ti ilẹkun pẹlu awọn ẹyin ti o nlọ; o tun yipada si nọmba awọn ẹya ati idiyele. Ducts nikan gba ti wọn ba ju meji lọ ju ipari iṣẹ rotor kan, nitori pe wọn fi aaye silẹ fun awọn ololufẹ diẹ sii.

Ìgbá tí agbara náà bá jẹ́ nínú odun kan

Ìgbá tí a bá fi ààyè-iṣẹ́ kan pamọ́. A ti ṣe awoṣe awọn aaye mẹta pẹlu iyatọ ina ti o tọka (Rayleigh): awọn ile-iṣẹ ilu ti o ni iwọn 4 m/s, igbakeji ọna opopona ni 4.5 m/s ati awọn eti okun ti a fi han ni 6.5 m/s. Oju-ọjọ ilu gidi jẹ alagbara: UK Carbon Trust rii pe awọn aaye ti o ni ile-iṣẹ diẹ ti o de 5 m / s (Carbon Trust, 2008), ati 26 ti awọn turbines micro-mounted ti a fi sori ẹrọ ni Warwick Wind Trials ṣe iwọnwọnwọn agbara ti 0.85% (Encraft, 2009).

33 MWhper year on a city rooftop (central; range 12 to 85)

48 MWhper year on a highway barrier (central; range 18 to 123)

142 MWhper year on an exposed coast (central; range 51 to 360)

39 homesEU homes served by the coastal wall at 3,600 kWh each (Odyssee-Mure); 13 US homes at 10,791 kWh (EIA)

Fun iwọn, 3 MW onshore turbine kan ti o ṣiṣẹ ni 35% agbara faaji n ṣe 3 MW × 8,760 h × 0.35 ≈ 9.2 GWh ọdun kan: bi ọpọlọpọ bi awọn ilẹkun fan coastal 65.

Ìyàn tí o lè jẹ́

A ti ṣe iṣiro gbogbo apakan fun mita square kan: awọn fanimọra ti ko ni omi ni $3 to $8 ni iwọn kọọkan, awọn fẹlẹfẹlẹ ati awọn mesh, awọn ẹrọ itanna, ati fifi sori ẹrọ lori ile-iṣẹ ti o wa tẹlẹ. Iwọ-oorun: $0.76 million to $2.43 milionu (1.38 milionu dollar) laisi awọn ducts. Fipapọ ni ayika ọdun 20 ni oṣuwọn iyọọda ti 7%, pẹlu itọju, eyiti o fun ni idiyele ti kilowatt-aago kọọkan.

Ibaraẹnisọrọ ti o ni igbẹkẹle: ti a ṣe lati awọn ololufẹ kọmputa ọjọ iwaju, Fan Wall jẹ about $1.20 per kWh on a windy coast and about $5 in a city ni iṣẹlẹ agbegbe. O ni awọn iwuwo ti o yatọ, pẹlu awọn aṣọ-ikele ti o kere ju $0.12 to $0.28, agbara-agbara-agbara $0.03 to $0.07 (Lazard LCOE+, June 2024; IRENA, 2024). Bi ile-iṣẹ agbara, ọrọ naa ko ni ifẹ si loni.

Ohun tí a fẹ̀ jẹ́ òótọ́

A wa nibẹ lati ṣe ayipada awọn nọmba bẹẹ. Ni aaye kan ti o wa ni eti okun pẹlu awọn modulu ducted ati 65% chain agbara, iye owo fun kWh da lori awọn ohun meji ti a le ṣiṣẹ lori: bawo ni o ṣe dara lati yi gbogbo rotator ducted pada si ọrinrin (iṣe-ṣiṣe rẹ) ati kini mita square ti ilẹkun idiyele ti fi sori ẹrọ.

Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò àìdáràn ducted	$200 fun m² kan	$400 fun m² kan	$800 fun m² kan
10%	$0.60	$1.21	$2.41
20%	$0.30	$0.60	$1.21
30%	$0.20	$0.40	$0.80
40%	$0.15	$0.30	$0.60

Àtòjọ-ètò ìṣàfarawégbèsì

Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́	Ohun ti a nṣe	Ohun ti a bá ṣé ìṣàfarawé	Àwọn Ìṣàmúlò-ètò
0. Àkọsílẹ̀ Ojú-iṣẹ́	Àwọn ìṣàfarawé kọ̀ǹpútà àwọn ìwọ̀n dúkì, àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò pẹ̀lú àwọn ìṣàfihàn elètì	Àwọn ìṣàfarawé àti àwọn ìdárawọ̀n	$15k to $30k
1. Bench tests	20 off-the shelf ati 20 custom rotors ni a wind tunnel lati 3 si 15 m/s	Àwọn ìṣàfarawé àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò, ààyè-iṣẹ́, àgbèwọlé	$30k to $60k
2. Módìlì kan	Módílì 16-fan tí ní àwọn dúkì náà atí ìpapọ́ ìmọ̀	Ìdáràn Módìlì, odun kan nínú ilẹ̀	$25k to $50k
3. 10 m² pilot	Pánẹ́ẹ̀lì àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò tí a fi kamẹra ẹrankò pamọ́	Enẹ́jì, àwọn ìdáràn áríǹ, àwọn ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀, àwọn ẹrankò àti àwọn kọ̀ǹpútà	$60k to $120k
4. Ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ pánẹ́ẹ̀lì	Ìṣàmúlò-ètò, ìpejọ, àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ ìpari	Àwọn àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò fún m² kan, àwọn àwọn àwọn àwọn kWh kan	$50k to $100k

Awọn igbesẹ 0 si 3 nilo nipa $130,000 to $260,000. Pánẹ́ẹ̀lì tí o pọ̀ nífẹ́ láti jẹ́ pé agbẹ̀jọro náà ń ṣàfihàn àwọn ìṣàfarawe-ìrọ̀. Gbogbo awọn iwadii ni a sanwo lati ile-ifowopamọ ti Foundation, eyiti o ṣe owo fun gbogbo ohun ti iṣẹ akanṣe nilo, lati awọn ile-iṣẹ ati awọn olupese si awọn olupin ati awọn eniyan; awọn ifunni ko le wa ni ipamọ fun eto kan. Akọsilẹ imọ-ẹrọ kikun, awoṣe ati data rẹ ni a ṣii: model data ati model code.

Bií o ṣe lè ran mì lọwọ

Ṣégbèrè ìmọ̀ rẹ̀. A fẹ́ àwọn eniyan tí mọ́ àwọn aèrodinamìkì rotór-kekere, àwọn pẹ̀lú́ ọ̀fẹ́, ìkànnì ìmọ̀, ìṣàfarawé ìsẹ́ aládàpò tàbí ìgbọ̀n ẹrankò. Ṣé iṣẹ́ kan.
Ṣégbègbè. Agbègbègbè kan tí a fi ọ̀rọ̀ kọ̀ǹpútà pamọ́ lè jẹ́ àwọn ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ 10 m². Fi wa mọ́ ibi ti o tì wa nílẹ̀ náà, ki a si mọ́ bi o ṣe ǹró.
Ṣẹ̀dá àwọn ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ ìfẹ̀sìn ààyè-iṣẹ́ ìfẹ̀sìn. Tí o bá rọ́ọ̀nù ààyè-iṣẹ́ ní pánẹ́ẹ̀lì, oju-ìrin-ajò tàbí agọ̀, ọdun kan tí a bá fi àwọn ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ ìfẹ̀sìn ààyè-iṣẹ́ ìṣẹ̀dà kọ́jú sáà píríǹtì.
Ṣẹ̀dá nílè. Fánà tí a kò lè fi omi mú, àwọn ìṣàfarawe-ìgbà atí multimeter nínú baluwé tí a bá wọ̀ inú ọ̀fẹ́ jẹ́ iṣẹ́ kọ̀ǹpútà sáà. Àwọn àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò
Ṣàfikún Àwọn Ìṣàmúlò-ètò. Àwọn ìṣẹ̀dá lọ sí Àwọn Ìṣàmúlò-ètò ati ki o tọju gbogbo awọn iwadii wa, pẹlu eyi yii, ti n lọ.

Àwọn Ìṣàmúlò-ètò

Howey, D.A., Bansal, A. ati Holmes, A.S. (2011). Iṣẹ́dà atí iṣẹ́ tí a ṣe fun ìkànnì kan tí a fi hàn ìbámu ọ̀fẹ́. Awọn ohun elo ati awọn igun 20, 085021.
Ohya, Y. ati Karasudani, T. (2010). A sunmọ́ pẹ̀lú́ ìfẹ́nú ọ̀fẹ́ tí n ṣé agbèkalẹ́ agbará isẹ́ giga pẹlú imọ-ẹrọ́ oju-ọjọ. Energies 3(4), 634-649.
Dighe, V.V., de Oliveira, G., Avallone, F. ati van Bussel, G.J.W. (2018). Ducted wind turbine optimization atí ìròyìn fún ààyè-iṣẹ́ rotóru. Wind Energy Science 3, 221-229.
Carbon Trust (2008). Energy agbara ina ti o kere ju: awọn iwariiri ofin ati awọn itọnisọna ti o wulo.
Encraft (2009). Awọn iroyin ipari ti awọn idanwo afẹfẹ Warwick.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (2024). Awọn iroyin ọja Wind ti a pin, 2024 edition: Omi kekere ni apapọ $7,370 fun kW kan ti o fi sori ẹrọ ati ifosiwewe agbara 13% ni ọdun 2023.
Lazard (June 2024). Ìrànwọ́ Enẹ́jì+.
IRENA (2024). Iṣẹ-ṣiṣe Imudani agbara ti o le ṣe pada ni ọdun 2023.
Odyssey Walls Ìlò agbara nípa ibi-ìṣàyàn kan, EU.
US Energy Information Administration (2022). Awọn iṣẹ́ agbará inà tí a lo ni ààyè-iṣẹ́.
Igbapada, S.R., Oun yoo, T. ati Marra, P.P. (2013). Awọn iwadi ti o ṣe lori awọn ẹranko ni a ṣe ni awọn ile-iṣẹ ti o wa ni United States. Biological Conservation 168, 201-209.