QPrintPreviewDialog
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Duk wani turbi na iska da ka gani a baya yana bin ma’ana guda: gina rotor daya kamar yadda ya fi girma, sanya shi kamar yadda ya fi tsayi, kuma bari manyan blade su shafa sama. Yana aiki da kyau. Yana bukatar ma’adinai, hanyoyin mota, ƙasa mai buɗewa, shekarun izinin shiga, kuma yana kashe tsuntsaye. Munã nufin mu yi gwajin ra’ayin da yake daidai.
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Ka riƙi ƙaramin fan axial wanda ke daɗewa a kwamfuta. Ka juyo da ita: ka bar iska ta juya da girgizar, kuma motar ba-kwalba a cikinta za ta zama wani mai samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙaranci. Ka sanya dari shida daga cikinsu a cikin wani ɓangaren da girmansa ya kai na akwatin pizza, ka baiwa kowanne ɗayan su wani irin maɓalli wanda zai sa hanzari a cikin iska, kuma ka rufe wani bango da ɗaruruwan ɓangarori.
Idan mai saukar ungulu ya tsãge, gãrun zai rasa rabin dubu na fitarwarsa, kuma wanda yake da wani ma’auni zai iya musanya shi. The modules ship in ordinary parcels. Za su iya zama a kan wani gefen bango, ko kuma su hau wani gefen ginin ko kuma su maye gurbin kwalban da ke hana sauti daga hanyar mota.
A inda zai iya haske
Birds and bats. Turbina masu girma suna da matsala ta gaskiya ga halittu: ana kiyasta 140,000 zuwa 328,000 tsuntsaye suna mutuwa kowace shekara a turbina na monopole a cikin Amurka mai makwabtaka kawai (Loss, Will da Marra, 2013). A 150 m rotor juyawa a 10 rpm motsa shi blade tips a π × 150 m × 10 / 60 s ≈ 79 m/s. Wani mai 120 mm a bayan wani 10 mm na maɓalli yana juyawa da sassansa a cikin gudun tafiya. Ba a taba yin gwajin haɗin gwiwar tsuntsaye da ginin micro-fan mai matsi ba, don haka gwajin shi wani bangare ne na shirinmu.
Siting. Wuta tana kara sauri inda aka rufe ta: a kan wani gefen bango, a kusa da wani gefe na ginin, ko kuma a cikin wani tsauni na hanya. A girgizar kasa ba zai iya bi da wadannan yankuna. A modular array iya rufe daidai su.
. Fannin kwamfuta an tsara su ne don su ja da iska, ba su zama ana ja da ita ba. Don haka muna tsammanin wani tasiri na rotor na 5% (pessimistic), 10% (central) ko 20% (optimistic), da kuma wani layin lantarki daga fan zuwa grid na 40, 55 ko 70%.
Dukkansu suna da amfani. Wani mai watsawa da ke da wani tsawo, “lensa na iska” wanda aka kirkira a Jami’ar Kyushu, ya ninka ƙarfin rotor na diamita guda da kusan 2 zuwa 5 (Ohya da Karasudani, 2010). Amma wani layin yana ɗaukar sararin gaba: cirewa da yawa fiye da rabin ƙarfin da ke wucewa yankin gaba na kayan aiki ba a nuna shi ba (Dighe et al., 2018). Mugunmu ya ƙunsa a can.
Da tsakiyar lissafin da ginin gaba ɗaya ya yi 7 kW a 6 m/s, 34 kW a 10 m/s da 114 kW a 15 m/s. Girman fan na canza ƙarfin da kaɗan, tun da dukkan girman suna rufe kusan kashi 55% na bango tare da girgizar da ke faruwa; yana canza adadin sassan da kuma farashin. Ducts kawai lashe idan su fiye da ninki biyu na kowane rotor’s fitarwa, saboda su bar wuri ga fans kaɗan.
Da yawa na wutar lantarki a cikin shekara
Kuma iska bã ta daidaita a wani wuri. Mun yi misali da shafuka uku tare da rarraba iska mai inganci (Rayleigh): tafarkin birni wanda ya kai 4 m/s, babbar hanya a 4.5 m/s da kuma kogin da aka nuna a 6.5 m/s. Ruwa na gari na gaskiya yana da rauni: UK Carbon Trust ya gano wasu wuraren gina gidaje masu kaiwa har zuwa 5 m / s (Carbon Trust, 2008), kuma 26 micro turbines a cikin Warwick Wind Trials sun sami matsakaicin ma’aunin ƙarfin 0.85% (Encraft, 2009).
Domin adadin, daya na yau da kullum 3 MW onshore turbine aiki a kan 35% na ikon factor samar 3 MW × 8,760 h × 0.35 ≈ 9.2 GWh a shekara: kamar yadda kusan 65 coastal fan bango.
Da abin da zai iya kashewa
Mun yi zaton dukkan sassan a kan mita ɗari: masu hana ruwa a cikin $3 to $8 kowane ɗayan a cikin girma, frame da mesh, lantarki, da kuma shigarwa akan gini mai zaman kansa. Dukkan ginin ya kai $0.76 million to $2.43 miliyan ($1.38 miliyan) ba tare da dukkuna ba. Ya raba a kan shekaru 20 a kan 7% na farashin, tare da kulawa, wanda ke ba da kudin kowane kilowatt-hour.
A gaskiya karatu: gina daga yau kwamfuta masu sha’awar, da Fan Wall farashin a kan $1.20 per kWh on a windy coast and about $5 a cikin birni a cikin babban al’amari. Residential rooftop solar costs $0.12 to $0.28, utility-scale wind $0.03 to $0.07 (Lazard LCOE+, June 2024; IRENA, 2024). Kamar wani makamashi, wannan ra’ayi ba ya gasa a yau.
Me zai zama gaskiya
Akwai bincike domin canza wannan adadi. A kan wani shafin bakin teku da ke da maɓallan ducted da 65% na lantarki, farashin kowane kWh yana dogara ne akan abubuwa biyu da za mu iya aiki a kai: yadda daidai yake da kowane rotor ducted ya canja iska (mafi ingancin aikinsa) da abin da mita daya na ɗakin gini ya biya.
| QSoftKeyManager | $200 per m² | $400 per m² | $800 per m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10% | $0.60 | $1.21 | $2.41 |
| 20% | $0.30 | $0.60 | $1.21 |
| 30% | $0.20 | $0.40 | $0.80 |
| 40% | $0.15 | $0.30 | $0.60 |
QSql
| QPrintPreviewDialog | Abin da Muke Yi | Abin da muke auna | QFileDialog |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0. Nazarin Kwamfyuta | Simuliyar kwamfutoci na sifofin dakunan ruwa, zane-zane na blade da tsarin lantarki | Aikin da aka yi hasashen na inganci da asara | $15k to $30k |
| 1. Bench tests | 20 off-the-shelf da 20 custom rotors a cikin wani jirgin ruwa daga 3 zuwa 15 m / s | Kuɓuɓɓukan aiki, gudun farawa, zafi | $30k to $60k |
| 2. Wani sashe | A 16-fan module da ducts da ƙarfin lantarki | Module efficiency, one year outside | $25k to $50k |
| 3. 10 m² pilot | Fanel na bango mai kayan aiki da kyamara ta halitta | Energy, array losses, availability, birds and bats | $60k to $120k |
| 4. Full gini zane | Tsarin, shaidar, samfurin farashin ƙarshe | Farashin da aka shigar a kowace m², farashi a kowace kWh | $50k to $100k |
Mataki 0 zuwa 3 suna buƙatar kusan $130,000 to $260,000. Wani bango mai cikakke yana da ma’ana kawai idan mai kula ya tabbatar da zance. Dukkan bincike ana biyansu daga asusun ajiyar Foundation, wanda ke tallafawa duk abin da shirin yake buƙata, daga ma’aikatun gwaje-gwaje da masu samarwa zuwa masu ba da sabis da mutane; ba za a iya adana gudummawar ga wani shiri ba. An bude rahoton fasaha na gabaɗaya, ma’aunin da bayanansa: data na ma’aunin da kodin ma’aunin.
Yadda zaka iya taimaka
- Ka kawo mana kwarewarka. Muna bukatar mutane da suke sani game da aerodynamics na rotor mai ƙarancin girma, hanyoyi masu hawa, lantarkin ƙarfi, injiniyanci ko kula da tsuntsaye. Tara wani aiki.
- Ba da wani rufi. Wani rufi mai zafi da damar shiga ta aminci zai iya karbar mai kula da 10 m². Ka gaya mana inda take da yadda take bayyana.
- Yadda ake raba bayanan iska. Idan kana gudanar da wani wurin sanin yanayi a kan bango, ko kuma a kan tekun ko kuma a kan titin mota, wata shekara na gwajin iska zai taimake mu wajen zaɓar wurin da za’a yi gwajin.
- Yaƙin gwaji a gida. Wani mai sanyaya ruwa mai tsada, da wani mai daidaita bridge da kuma wani multimeter a kan wani balko wanda yake da iska suna samar da wata ƙungiya ta kimiyya mai kyau. @ action
- Support the Foundation. Donations go to the Treasury and keep all our research, including this one, moving.
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- Howey, D.A., Bansal, A. da Holmes, A.S. (2011). Tsarin da kuma gudanar da wani turbinar iska mai girman santimita don amfani da makamashi. Smart Materials and Structures 20, 085021.
- Kuma ka yi haƙuri. (2010). Wani turbi na iska mai rufewa yana samar da ƙarfin fitarwa mai girma tare da fasahar linzamin iska. Energies 3(4), 634-649.
- Dighe, V.V., de Oliveira, G., Avallone, F. da van Bussel, G.J.W. (2018). Ducted turbine iska da kuma haƙuri ga wuri rotor. Wind Energy Science 3, 221-229.
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- da kuma (d. Ina da sha’awar karatun kimiyya.
- (2009) da sauransu. Warwick Wind Trials final report.
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (2024). Rahoton Kasuwancin Wutar Lantarki, 2024 edition: iska mai ƙarancin ƙarfi ta kai $7,370 a kowace kW da aka shigar da shi da kuma 13% na ma’aunin ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin 2023.
- Lazard (Yuni 2024). Levelized Cost of Energy+.
- IRENA (2024). Rashin samar da wutar lantarki mai sake dawowa a shekarar 2023.
- Odyssey Wall. Haɗakar wutar lantarki ga kowace gida, EU.
- US Energy Information Administration (2022). Average residential electricity use.
- Kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, Allah Mai hikima ne, Mai jin ƙai. (2013). An yi hasashen mutuwar tsuntsaye a wuraren da ake samun iska a cikin Amurka. Biological Conservation 168, 201-209.