Dhismaha Fan

Turbine kasta oo aad mar hore aragtay ayaa raacda manhajka la midka ah: dhis rotor weyn sida suurtogalka ah, ku rid sida sare ee suurtogalka ah, oo u oggolaan in ay jaranjarada waaweyn samada ka saaraan. Waxay shaqeysaa si cajiib ah. Waxay sidoo kale u baahan tahay cranes, waddooyinka, dhulka furan, sano oo ruqsadaha ah, iyo in ay disho shimbiraha. Waxaan rabnaa inaan tijaabino fikradda ka soo horjeedda.

Fikradaha

Ka qaado fanka axial yar oo qabow kombiyuutar. Run it backwards: ha dabaysha u wareegaan rotor, iyo mootorka brushless gudaha noqdaa matoor yar. Ku shub lix iyo toban ka mid ah oo ku jira module size of pizza box, siiyaan mid kasta oo qaabka funiile ah in ay hawada u dhaqaajiso, iyo daboolida derbi la kun oo modules.

Haddii mid ka mid ah fannaaniinta burburo, derbiga ayaa lumiyay boqolkiiba boqol ee soosaarka, iyo qof kasta oo leh screwdriver wuxuu bedeli karaa. Modules doonta in baakadaha caadiga ah. Waxay ku fadhiisan kartaa xagga daaqadda, u safraan qoorta dhismaha ama bedeli paneelyada xasilloonida waddooyinka.

Meeshii ay ku iftiimin lahayd

Hawo iyo lafaha. Turbinada waaweyn waa dhibaato dhab ah oo loogu talagalay noolaha nool: waxaa lagu qiyaasay in 140,000 ilaa 328,000 shimbiraha dhintaan sanad kasta at monopole turbinada ee Mareykanka ku xiga oo keliya (Loss, Will iyo Marra, 2013). A 150 m rotor wareegaya at 10 rpm dhaqdhaqaaqa timaha ay ku π × 150 m × 10 / 60 s ≈ 79 m/s. A 120 mm fan ka dambeeya 10 mm shaashadda u wareegaa talooyinkeeda ku socda. Aan cidna la miisaamin xidhiidhka shimbiraha leh difaacyada micro-fan ee weli, sidaas darteed miisaanku waa qayb ka mid ah barnaamijkeena.

Siting. Dabaysha waxay u dhaqdhaqaaqdaa meel ay ku shubto: daaqadda sare, qoorta dhismaha oo ku wareegsan, waqooyiga wadnaha. A rotor weyn ma raaci karaan meelahaas. A modular array waxaa ka mid ah si toos ah iyaga.

Logistics iyo dayactirka. No crane, aan xirfadle aheyn, ma haysto gaadiid gaar ah. A 1,800 m² Wall oo dhan ku habboon in ku saabsan 1,700 kartoonada, afar ama shan baabuurta.

Dabaysha iyo qorraxda oo isku xiran. Dabayshu badanaa waxay ku dhacdaa habeenkii iyo xilliga qaboobaha, marka ay daciif yihiin panellada qorraxda. Ku saabsan dhismaha isku mid ah, labadaba waxay ku xiran yihiin.

Fiisikada, la xisaabta

Xoogga ay dabayshu ku qaadato meel A waa P = ½ ρ A v³, halka ρ = 1.225 kg/m³ ay tahay tirada hawada iyo v xawaaraha dabaysha. Miiska waa wax kasta: at 6 m / s mitir oo laba jibbaaran waxaa la socda ½ × 1.225 × 6³ ≈ 132 W; at 12 m / s wuxuu la socdaa 1,058 W, siddeed jeer in ka badan.

Rotor ma awoodi karo inay qabtaan oo dhan, sababtoo ah hawada waa in ay sii socdaan ka baxsan jidka. The Betz xad wuxuu leeyahay rotor furan oo laga soo bixi karo ugu badan 16/27 ≈ 59% ee awoodda ka socda iyada.

A rotor yar ma aha rotor weyn oo yar. Fiisikada ayaa isbedelaya.

Halkan waxaa ah dhibaatada aaminka ah ee koowaad. A 120 mm fan blade waxaa ku jira xididka oo ku saabsan 2 cm. Marka 6 m / s, tirada Reynolds waa Re = v × c / ν ≈ 6 × 0.02 / 0.000015 ≈ 8,000, nidaam halkaas oo lafaha ay ka helaan inta badan koritaanka. A 2 cm rotor la dhisay sida turbine at Imperial College gaadhay saamiga awoodda ee ku saabsan 9% (Howey, Bansal iyo Holmes, 2011). Fannaaniinta kombiyuutarka ayaa loo qaabeeyey inay hawada ku dhaqdaan, oo aan lagu dhaqmin. Sidaa darteed waxaan u maleynayaa in rotor 5% (cadho), 10% (central) ama 20% (fiican) iyo silsilad korontada ka fanka ilaa grid of 40, 55 ama 70%.

Ducts caawin kartaa. A diffuser leh dabool ballaaran, “lens hawada” oo ay soo saareen Jaamacadda Kyushu, ayaa awooda rotor ah oo isku mid ah dhexroorka ku kordhiyay 2 ilaa 5 (Ohya iyo Karasudani, 2010). Laakiin dhuumaha waxaa qaadata meel hore: soo saarida wax ka badan oo ku saabsan badhka awooda ka gudbay qaybta hore ee qalabka ma la muujin (Dighe et al., 2018). Noocayaga waxaa ku jira.

La aaminsan yahay dhexe ee derbiga oo dhan ka dhigaysa 7 kW at 6 m/s, 34 kW at 10 m/s iyo 114 kW at 15 m/s. Fan size yar uun ku beddeli kara awoodda, tan iyo oo dhan miisaanka ka buuxaan ku saabsan 55% ee derbiga la spinning blades; waxay bedelaysaa qaybaha tirada iyo qiimaha. Ducts kaliya ku guuleystaan haddii ay ka badan laba jeer soo saarka rotor kasta, sababtoo ah waxay u baxaan meel loogu talagalay taageerayaasha yar.

Sidee badan oo tamarta ah sanadka

Dabaysha goobta ma aha mid joogto ah. Waxaan qaabeyn saddex goobaha leh heerka (Rayleigh) dabaysha qaybinta: caasimadda rooftop dhexdhexaad ah 4 m / s, a xad-dhaafka ah at 4.5 m / s iyo la soo bandhigay xeebta at 6.5 m / s. Dabaysha dhabta ah ee magaalooyinka waa liidataa: UK Carbon Trust waxay heshay meelo dhisme oo yar oo gaareysa 5 m / s (Carbon Trust, 2008), iyo 26 dhismaha-dhismaha turbinada yaryar ee Warwick Wind Trials waxay ku dhex jireen faa’iido awood ah oo ah 0.85% (Encraft, 2009).

Si loo mideeyo, mid caadi ah 3 MW onshore turbine socday oo ku saabsan 35% awoodda faa’iido 3 MW × 8,760 h × 0.35 ≈ 9.2 GWh sanad: sida badan sida ku saabsan 65 dibadda xeebta fan.

Waa maxay qiimaha

Waxaan tijaabinay qayb kasta oo mitir laba jibbaaran ah: daboolka biyaha ee $3 to $8 mid kasta oo miisaanka, qasabadaha iyo maaskaro, qalabka elektarooniga ah, iyo dhismaha dhisme jira. Dhismaha oo dhan wuxuu gaarayaa $0.76 million to $2.43 milyan ($1.38 milyan) iyadoon la isticmaalin biyo xireennada. Kala qaybsan 20 sano oo ah 7% qiimo dhimis, la dayactirka, taas oo bixiya qiimaha kilowatt-saac kasta.

Akhriska runta ah: laga dhisay taageerayaasha kombiyuutarka maanta, Fan Wall waxay ku kacaysaa qiyaastii $1.20 per kWh on a windy coast and about $5 magaalada ee kiiskan dhexe. Qiimaha qorraxda ee guryaha $0.12 to $0.28, dabaysha heerka adeegga $0.03 to $0.07 (Lazard LCOE+, Juun 2024; IRENA, 2024). Sida warshadda tamarta, fikradda ma tartamo maanta.

Maxaa la doonayo in ay run tahay

Cilmi-baarista jira si ay u beddelaan tirada sida kuwani. On goobta xeebaha la modules ducted iyo 65% silsilad korontada, qiimaha per kWh ku xiran tahay laba wax oo aan ka shaqayn kartaa: sida wanaagsan oo kasta oo rotor ducted u beddelaa dabaysha (waxtarka ay waxtar leh) iyo waxa mitir murabac ah ee dhismaha ku kacaysaa aasaasay.

Taageerada rotor ducted	$200 m² kasta	$400 m² kasta	$800 m² kasta
10%	$0.60	$1.21	$2.41
20%	$0.30	$0.60	$1.21
30%	$0.20	$0.40	$0.80
40%	$0.15	$0.30	$0.60

Barnaamijka cilmi baarista

Fase	Waxaan sameynaa	Waxa aan miisaanno	Qiimaha la saadaaliyay
0. Daboolka daraasadda	Qalabka kumbuyuutarka ee qaababka duct, naqshadaha blade iyo qaabeynta korantada	Waxtarka iyo khasaaraha la saadaaliyey	$15k to $30k
1. Imtixaannada Bench	20 off-the-shelf iyo 20 rotors custom in jidka dabaysha ka 3 ilaa 15 m / s	Kormeerka waxtarka, xawaaraha bilaabida, dhawaaqa	$30k to $60k
2. Mid ka mid ah module	A 16-fan module la ducts iyo awoodda elektaroonigga ah	Module waxtarka, hal sano dibadda	$25k to $50k
3. 10 m² pilot	A panel rooftop instrumented leh kaamirooyinka nool	Tamarta, khasaaraha array, helitaanka, shimbiraha iyo lafaha	$60k to $120k
4. naqshadeynta darbiga buuxa	dhismaha, aqoonsiga, qiimaha ugu dambeeyay ee qaabka	Lacagta la rakibay per m², qiimaha per kWh	$50k to $100k

Fase 0 ilaa 3 waxay u baahan yihiin in ka badan $130,000 to $260,000. A derbiga buuxa kaliya macno haddii pilot xaqiijinaya tijaabada. Cilmi baarista oo dhan waxaa laga bixiyaa Khasnadda Foundation, kaas oo maalgeliya wax kasta oo mashruuca u baahan yahay, laga bilaabo labaratoriyadaha iyo alaab-qeybiyeyaasha ilaa servers iyo dadka; deeqaha ma aha in loo kaydiyo barnaamij kaliya. Warbixinta farsamada oo dhan, qaabka iyo xogta ay furan yihiin: data qaabka iyo code qaabka.

Sideed u caawin kartaa

• La soo bandhig aqoontaada. Waxaan u baahanahay dad yaqaan aerodynamics-rotor yar, tunnels dabaysha, awoodda elektaroonigga ah, injineernimada dhismaha ama dabagalka hilibka. U dejiso hawl.
• Offer a rooftop. A daaqadda dhuuban oo hawada leh helitaanka ammaan ah ayaa martigelin kara 10 m² pilot. noo sheeg meesha ay tahay iyo sida uu u muuqdaa.
• Share xogta dabaysha. Haddii aad ka shaqeeyaan xarunta cimilada on roof, xeebta ama jidka, sanad ah oo miisaaniyada dabaysha noo caawiya in ay doortaan goobta pilot.
• Isku day guriga. Fan biyo-la’aan ah oo raqiis ah, jidka dib u soo celinta iyo multimeter ku yaal balcony dabaysha leh waxay sameeyaan mashruuc cilmi ah. Miisaanka voltage iyo hadda dabaylaha kala duwan oo noo soo dir lambarrada.
• Dhawr Foundation. deeqaha u tagaan Khasnadda iyo haystaa dhammaan cilmi baaristayada, oo ay ku jiraan midkan, socda.

Isha

1. Howey, D.A., Bansal, A. iyo Holmes, A.S. (2011). Naqshadeynta iyo shaqada ee turbiinka hawada ee miisaanka sentimitir ah oo loogu talagalay soo saarista tamarta. Materiaal iyo dhisme Smart 20, 085021.
2. Ohya, Y. iyo Karasudani, T. (2010). A shrouded dabaysha turbine soo saara awood sare oo la technology dabaysha-lens. Energies 3(4), 634-649.
3. Dighe, V.V., de Oliveira, G., Avallone, F. iyo van Bussel, G.J.W. (2018). Ducted turbine hawada ugu fiican iyo dareen ah in meel rotor. Waxbarashada Sayniska Tamarta 3, 221-229.
4. Carbon Trust (2008). Small-skala awoodda dabaysha: aragtida siyaasadda iyo tilmaamaha dhaqanka.
5. Encraft (2009). Warbixinta ugu dambeysa ee baaritaanka hawada Warwick.
6. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (2024). Warbixinta Suuqa Hawada ee loo qaybiyay, 2024 daabacaadda: dabaysha yar waxay ku dhexmartay $ 7,370 oo ah kW kasta oo la rakibay iyo faa’iido awoodeed oo ah 13% 2023.
7. Lazard (June 2024). Lacagta la isku daray ee tamarta+.
8. IRENA (2024). Lacagta soosaarka tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 2023.
9. Odyssey-Wall. Mashiinka korontada ee guriga, EU.
10. Maamulka Macluumaadka Tamarta Mareykanka (2022). Average guryaha isticmaalka korontada.
11. Khasaaraha, SR, dooni doonaa, T. iyo Marra, P.P. (2013). Qiimaha dhimashada shimbiraha ee ku dhaca goobaha dabaysha ee Mareykanka oo isku xiran. Biological Conservation 168, 201-209.