Ubwiza

buri munsi buri umwe muri twe ni ijana na mirongo ine litiro y’umwuka. Hitamo…, na Twebwe Akayunguruzo: Na:: i ni Kigaragara. ni i. Bya Twebwe Gushyira i Hejuru in i, Guhindura… in Igihe Mbere.

ni in i

• Fine particles (PM2.5) are specks smaller than 2.5 micrometres, from burning fuel, wood, crops and waste, and from dust and chemical reactions in the air. Gitoya Kuri i na i.
• Coarse particles (PM10) come from dust, construction and road wear. in i Na.
• Diyishimo Kuva: na, na Imiterere Na.
• urwego ni Byaremwe Ryari: Ikindi. i Na.
• Diyasiyumu Kuva: na Bikomeye Amashanyarazi, in
• Umutuku Kuva: na Na:,, Cyangwa ni Rimwe Bya Byose, ku Abagore na.


Ubuzima bw’abaturage

i Bya Irebere hanze na 6.7 miliyoni, Gihinguranya, umutima, Uruhu, na. In 2019, 99 percent of the world’s population lived in places where the WHO’s air quality guideline levels were not met. 2021 i Igenzura kugirango buri mwaka umuvuduko PM2.5, Kuva 10 Kuri 5., i Ku Hasi: Uduciro.


Amahinduka i

A Bya i. That has slowed climate change, at a price: dissolved CO2 forms carbonic acid, and the surface ocean has become about 30 percent more acidic since the industrial revolution, a fall of about 0.1 pH units. Amashanyarazi ya:,, na Kuri Na:, na i Shyiraho Umukono Bya i Urubuga.

Ikindi i. Kuva: na & Ongera Kuri i Ibirimo. Mercury from burning coal and from small-scale gold mining settles into the ocean, where microbes turn it into methylmercury, which builds up in large fish such as tuna and swordfish, and in the people who eat them (UNEP Global Mercury Assessment 2018).

Umugezi ni ya Kabiri. ni in.

Ibimenyetso

ni Rimwe Bya i Abantu, in, Igihe KURI. Bisobanutse, Leta amafaranga na Tekiniki, i Inzira mu myaka, na Nka igihe nk’uko i. ni Ibisubizo, OYA.

The United States. Between 1970 and 2024, total emissions of the six main pollutants regulated under the Clean Air Act fell by 79 percent, while the economy grew by 338 percent (US EPA). A

Imvura, na. 1990 Amavugurura Kuri i Gushyiraho A National ku Diokside ya Sulfuriyo Kuva: na Imiryango Ubukungu Irenganzira, i Itangira National - Na - Ubukungu Igishushanyo. Power stations in the programme cut their sulphur dioxide by 96 percent between 1990 and 2023. Wet sulphate deposition, the usual measure of acid rain, fell by more than 70 percent between the early 1990s and the early 2020s, and the number of monitored lakes and streams receiving more acid than they can absorb fell by 81 percent (US EPA; US EPA).

Europe’s sulphur cuts. Between 2005 and 2023, emissions of sulphur oxides in the European Union fell by 84 percent, nitrogen oxides by 53 percent and fine particles by 38 percent. Ammonia, which comes mostly from farming, fell by only 17 percent, which shows where the next effort is needed (European Environment Agency).

NONEAHA Kugaragaza: i Guhindura>> Kuva:. A Ubushakashatsi ku NIRU Ubushakashatsi Inzu Bya Nitrogen Dioxide Kuva: 2019 Kuri 2024 Na: Iterambere ry’ubukungu in 2,475 i Burayi Byahinduwe, na Yabonetse 80% Bya Birenzeho Umutungo Mu gihe Umwuka Byabaye; 390 Birenzeho Umutungo Na: Birenzeho Nitrogen Dioxide (ESA, 2026; Hassani et al., 2026).


Beijing, China. In 2013 Beijing’s yearly average of fine particles (PM2.5) was 89.5 micrograms per cubic metre, nearly eighteen times what the WHO now recommends. Under a five-year clean-air action plan, from 2013 to 2017 the city removed coal boilers with a combined capacity of 39,000 steam tonnes, took 2.17 million old vehicles off its roads and closed 1,992 polluting factories, while the surrounding provinces cut coal as well. PM2.5 fell to 58 by 2017 and to 27.0 in 2025, 70 percent lower than in 2013. Umunsi w’isuku ikabije wavuye kuri 58 mu mwaka wa 2013 ukagera kuri 2 mu mwaka wa 2024. The work is not finished: 27 is still more than five times the WHO guideline (Beijing Ecology and Environment Bureau; China Daily, 2025).

Ikirere cya London. 2019, Abashoferi Bya i a buri munsi Kuri Gutwara in London. Ubuso yatangiye mu i hagati mu 2019 na kwiyongera Kuri Guca hejuru y’imbere London mu 2021 na i Umujyi muri 2023. The Mayor of London estimates that in 2024 roadside nitrogen dioxide was 54 percent lower in central London and 27 percent lower across the whole city than it would have been without the zone. , Gutandukanya Na: A “Nta” (Bya, Rimwe - Umwaka Raporo).


Imodoka. 2020, i Ishyirahamwe ry’Ibihugu by’Abahinde ku mupaka ya: in indege ‘ifumbire Kuva 3.5 Kuri 0.5% (IMO).

![Satellite view of long, bright criss-crossing lines in a sheet of low clouds over the Pacific off the western United States.](../../../assets/initiatives/ship-tracks-pacific.jpg “Ship tracks off the western United States, 1 November 2013: bright lines of cloud that form on particles in ships’ exhaust, drawing the routes of the ships across the sky. NASA/,

Kuva: Byose ni i. i in, Gushyiraho Amabwiriza in, Abantu na A Ihitamo, na Kuri ya:. ,, na na Power Gyayo Rimwe Intera: Gukuraho i Inkomoko Bya Hejuru Nyuma.

iyi Akazi

• A rusange Icyinjijwe Bya Ibisubizo:. A Ku, na NIBA Akazi Kuri, Kuri Gihinguranya. Local Solar System Oya Na: Icyo ari cyo cyose Bya na Bivuye. , Soma Ishyirahamwe ‘S Iheruka umwaka: Raporo na Konti:, Nka Na: Icyo ari cyo cyose.

• [] (https://www.clientearth.org/) ni A Itegeko (Bitahiwe in Na, Umubare 1053988). It uses the courts to make governments keep their own clean-air laws: in 2015, in a case it brought, the UK Supreme Court ordered the government to draw up new plans to meet legal limits for nitrogen dioxide (UK Supreme Court, 2015).

• ni A - - Ubutunzi Ubwoko Kuva: i, Kuva: 2015 na Kuva: Hasi - Igenagaciro Kuva: 2021, na Kigenga na Gufungura ya: Kuri Koresha. , Umunyamakuru na Koresha Kuri i Umwuka, in Amajyepfo Na: Bya

• [Ikigega cy’umwuka] (https://www.cleanairfund.org/) ni a Ubwongereza Kwiyandikisha (Umubare 1183697) na Amafaranga, Abashakashatsi na ku umwuka, Na: Porogaramu in Inde, Indonesiya, Afurika y’Epfo, i Ubwongereza na i. Urubuga: na i na Umushinga.


Ifashayobora

• i. Gutangaza:% S - Igihe Ibiziranenge; Hasi - Kubona. Gushaka.
• Birenzeho , Cyangwa; NIBA Na:, Koresha, in A.
• , Udushushondanga Gusangiza Cyangwa Gyayo ya: Gitoya, na Hindura Bidakora,.
• ya: Hasi -, & School; na - in Ubuso; Kwandika Kuri Bya hafi Bigyanye & Schools; na.
• Gusiba Umwanya i, na Gushigikira ya: KURI Gufungura.
• . iyi Ipaji: Cyangwa A Bya hafi i Ifashayobora.

na

• Ishami ry’ubuzima ku isi [() Ubwiza Na](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)- Ubwiza Na
• World Health Organization (2021), WHO global air quality guidelines
• Igenzura rya porogaramu ni?
• na (2009), Na Bya in i, PNAS 106
• < guimenuitem > in
• UNEP (2019), Global Mercury Assessment 2018
• Ishami ry’Ibihugu bikoresha Icyongereza 2020: Gukata
• na, Ibisobanuro, 2013 Kuri 2025 (in); i 2017 Ikiganiro i 2013 Kuri 2017 - Igikorwa Imishinga
• China Daily (2023), Capital’s PM2.5 levels continue to fall
• China Daily (2025), Beijing sets historic records for air quality in 2024
• Ubwoko bw’amadosiye Ubwiza:
• Ubwoko bw’amadosiye Ishami Porogaramu Imikorere Icyegeranyo:
• Ubwoko bw’amadosiye Ibisubizo
• U Burayi Bya i in
• Bya -: Rimwe umwaka: Icyegeranyo
• ESA (2026), Nitrogen dioxide over Europe 2019 and 2024 and Cleaner air and prosperity can go hand in hand
• na (2026), Bya Urwego:, *
• UK Supreme Court (2015), R (ClientEarth) v Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UKSC 28