Ezinye izilimi kule ndawo zingaguqulwa ngemishini futhi zingafaka amaphutha. Usizo lokuthuthukisa Funda isiNgisi esisemthethweni
Isingqimba se-haze esisakazeka phezu kweplanethi, ebonakala kusuka kwi-International Space Station.
I-Blue Initiative

Uhlobo lwezulu

Sisebenzisana nesimo sezulu esisodwa. Okuphezulu kusuka e-chiminea ezweni elinye kubuyela eziphusheni nasezilwandle kwezinye.

NASA

Siphefumula ngamanzi angaphezu kuka-litre ayizigidi eziyisithupha ngosuku. Ngakho-ke, singakhetha ukuthi yisiphi isihlabathi esifanele, futhi singayisusa ngamehlo ethu: ubuthi obungozi kakhulu abubonakali. I-atmosphere nayo iyilungu le-ocean. Eningi lalokho esiwubeka emoya kuphele emfuleni, kuguqula ikhemikhali yayo ngendlela elinganiselwe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ziqondwe.

Yini ekhona emkhathini

  • Izinto ezincane (PM2.5) zincane kunama-micrometers ayi-2.5, ezivela ekuqhumeni kwegesi, imithi, izitshalo nezidakamizwa, kanye nothuli namazinga ekhemikhali egazini. Zincane ngokwanele ukuba zidlule eduze kwezinso kanye nohlelo lokudla.
  • Izinto ezincane ezincane (PM10) zivela emhlabathini, ekwakhani kanye nokugqoka kwendlela. Bahlala emlonyeni nasezintweni zomoya.
  • I-nitrogen dioxide ivela kakhulu ezimotoni nezindawo zokukhiqiza amandla, futhi isiza ukwakha ozone kanye nezingxenye.
  • I-ozone ephansi ikhiqizwa lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kupheka ezinye izinto ezibulala izifo. Ibangela ukuvuvukala kwezinso futhi ibulala izitshalo.
  • Sulphur dioxide ivela ekuqhumeni kwekhoyili kanye ne-oyile enamandla, kufaka phakathi izikebhe.
  • Household smoke from cooking and heating with wood, coal, dung or kerosene is one of the largest exposures of all, mostly borne by women and children.

Ukunakekelwa kwempilo

Inhlangano Yezempilo Yezwe ilinganisela ukuthi imiphumela ehlanganisayo yokulimala kwe-air kanye nokulimala kwendlu 6.7 million premature deaths every year, izifo zenhliziyo, isifo sofuba, ukugula okuqhubekayo kwezinso kanye nezifo ezibangelwa yigciwane. In 2019, 99 percent of the world’s population lived in places where the WHO’s air quality guideline levels were not met. Ngo-2021 iWHO yanciphisa umgomo wayo wonyaka we-PM2.5, kusuka ku-10 kuya ku- 5 micrograms per cubic meter, ngoba isivivinyo sibonise ukulahlekelwa ezingeni eliphansi kunalokho okucabangayo.

6.7 millionpremature deaths a year from outdoor and household air pollution combined (WHO)
99%of people lived where WHO guideline levels were not met (WHO, 2019 data)
5 µg/m³WHO annual guideline for PM2.5 since 2021 (WHO)
Isiphepho se-dust phezu kweSahara esiqhingini saseAlgeria neNiger.
Isiphepho se-dust esiqhingini sidlula emifuleni yonke: i-Sahara dust isiza ukukhiqizwa kwe-Atlantic kanye ne-Amazon, futhi ithinta kakhulu izinga lomoya ngaphansi kwewindla. Isithombe: NASA

Umoya ushintsha i-ocean

I-ocean ithathe cishe inkulungwane ye-carbon dioxide ekhishwa yimpilo yomuntu. Lokhu kusheshise ushintsho lwesimo sezulu, ngentengo: i-CO2 ephukile yenza ama-carbonic acid, futhi indawo ye-ocean ikhule 30% acidic kusukela uguquko lwezimboni, ukuwa mayelana 0.1 pH amayunithi. Ubisi olunoshukela oluningi lungenza kube nzima kakhulu amakhorali, izingulube, ama-mussels kanye nezinye izinhlanzi eziphila emkhathini ukwakha izingqimba zabo nezitho zazo, futhi lufinyelela esikhunjeni se-ocean food web.

Abanye ababulala umoya baphuma emfuleni. I-nitrogen evela emithonjeni yegesi kanye nemithi yokutshala ifakazela ubunzima bezinto eziphilayo ezidla izifunda ezifile. I-mercury evela ekuqhumeni kwekhoyili kanye nokuqoshwa kwegolide okuncane kuhlanganiswa elwandle, lapho amagciwane aguqula khona ibe yi-methylmercury, okwakha inyamazane enkulu njenge-tuna ne-swordfish, nalabo abadla ngayo (UNEP Global Mercury Assessment 2018).

I-ocean ihlanza umoya wethu ngokucophelela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Izimali zifika nge-chemistry yayo.

Isebenza kanjani

Ukugqwala kwezulu kuhla ngokushesha lapho izimiso ezifanele zihlangana nezobuchwepheshe. E-Europe naseNorth America, ukukhishwa kwe-sulphur dioxide kwancipha ngongaphezu kuka-80% ngemuva kokuthi kudingeka ama-scrubbers kanye negesi ehlanzekile. Ngo-2020, i-International Maritime Organization yanciphisa umkhawulo we-sulphur enjinini yendiza kusuka ku-3.5 kuye ku-0.5%. Ukupheka okuhlanzekile, ukuthutha nge-electric, kanye nomoya ne-sun power zisusa isizinda endaweni yokuhlanza ngemuva kwayo.

Ungasiza kanjani

  • Khangela umoya lapho uhlala khona. Imiphakathi eminingi ishicilela izinga lomoya ngesikhathi sangempela; amasenzo abiza kakhulu avumela izifundazwe ukuthi zibeke emaphusheni imizila yabo. Yabelana ngalokho okutholayo.
  • Umlilo omncane. Ungadli izitshalo ezilahlekile, amapulasitiki noma imifino ethosiwe; uma ufaka ukushisa ngemifino, sebenzisa imifino ethosiwe neyomile kwi-stove yamanje.
  • Hamba, sebenzisa isikhashana, hlanganisa noma usebenzise amandla ukugibela okuncane, futhi uvale izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinhlakeni.
  • Umbuzo wokuthi kuphi amasonto ahlanzekile. Usizo lwezindawo ezincane zokuhamba, izitezi zesikole kanye nezifunda ezingenamanzi ezindaweni zakho; ubhale abameli basekhaya mayelana nokuqapha okungenani emakilasini nasezitolo.
  • Chofoza ugesi ohlanzekile lapho umhlinzeki wakho evumela khona, futhi uxhase amaphrojekthi wokupheka ahlanzekile kumindeni ehlala ipheka phezu komngcwabo.
  • Sisiza ukuchaza lokhu. Gcina lesi khasi noma udale imaphu yezulu yasendaweni nge ibhodi lokungenisa isandla.

Izinsizakusebenza