Ena a mabungwewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi makina ndipo angapereke zosagwirizana. Kuthandiza kukulitsa izo Werengani Chingelezi choyamba
M'malo mwake, mpweya wotentha wamadzi umatuluka m'nyanja yamadzi, yomwe imawoneka ngati nyanja yopanda madzi.
Blue Initiative

Kuwala kwa mpweya

Tikugwiritsa ntchito mpweya umodzi.Zimachokera ku chimbudzi cha m’dziko limodzi zimalowa m’mafupa ndi m’madzi a m’mayiko ena.

NASA

Every day each of us breathes about eleven thousand litres of air. Sitingasankhe kuti tigwiritse ntchito mpweya uti, ndipo sitingathe kuchotsa fumbi lake ndi maso athu: zowopsa kwambiri za mpweya ndizosaoneka. Atmosfer ndi mnzake wa nyanja. Zomwe timadziika m’chipinda chakumtunda zimafika kunyanja, posintha chemistry yake mwanjira zomwe zinawerengedwa nthawi yaitali pambuyo poti zamvetsedwa.

Kodi ndi chiyani m’nyanja

  • Mafuta osungunuka (PM2.5) ndi ma specks otsika kuposa 2.5 micrometers, kuchokera kumoto mafuta, mkuwa, zipatso ndi zowonongeka, ndi kuchokera fumbi ndi mankhwala reactions mu mpweya. Zimayamba kutuluka m’mimba ndipo zimapita m’matumbo ndi m’thupi la munthu.
  • Mafuta osungunuka (PM10) amachokera ku fumbi, ntchito yomanga ndi kuvala kwa sitima. Amapezeka m’makutu ndi m’mimba mwa anthu.
  • Nitrogen dioxide imachokera kwambiri ku magalimoto ndi ma power stations, ndipo imathandiza kupanga ozone ndi zinyalala.
  • Ozone ya pamalo imapangidwa pamene mpweya wa dzuwa umaphika zinthu zina zowononga. Amayambitsa matenda a m’mimba ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu.
  • Sulphur dioxide imachokera ku kuwononga kaboni ndi mafuta otentha, kuphatikizapo m’madzi.
  • Mkuwa wanyumba Kutulutsa mpweya wotentha kuchokera kuphika ndi kutentha ndi mkuwa, kaboni, manyowa kapena kerosene ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri za onse, makamaka zopangidwa ndi akazi ndi ana.

Umoyo wa anthu

World Health Organization imawerengera kuti zotsatira zophatikizidwa za kusefukira kwa madzi ndi nyumba zimakhudzana ndi 6.7 miliyoni kufa kwa nthawi yaitali chaka chilichonse, mwa kugwa, matenda a mtima, khansa ya magazi, matenda amtima a chronic ndi matenda. Mu 2019, 99 peresenti ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi anali kudera lomwe sikunakwaniritsidwe ma guidelines a WHO pakupanga mpweya wabwino. Mu 2021, WHO idachepetsa gawo lake la chiwongola dzanja cha chaka chonse cha PM2.5, kuchokera ku 10 mpaka 5 micrograms per cubic meter, chifukwa umboni unasonyeza kuwononga pamalingaliro otsika kuposa momwe zinkayembekezeredwa kale.

6.7 millionpremature deaths a year from outdoor and household air pollution combined (WHO)
99%of people lived where WHO guideline levels were not met (WHO, 2019 data)
5 µg/m³WHO annual guideline for PM2.5 since 2021 (WHO)
Mphatso ya fumbi m'mphepete mwa Sahara pa msewu wa Algeria ndi Niger.
Mphatso ya dera imayenda m'madzi onse: Mphatso ya Sahara imapatsa chakudya ku Atlantic ndi Amazon, ndipo imawononga mpweya woyera pansi pa mphepo. Kuchokera: NASA

Mlengalenga umasintha nyanja

Mtsinjewu unatulutsa pafupifupi katatu ka carbon dioxide yomwe anthu anatulutsa. Izi zalepheretsa kusintha kwa nyengo, koma ndi mtengo: CO2 yosungunuka imapanga acid ya carbonic, ndipo madzi a m’nyanja anakhala ngati 30 peresenti acidic kuyambira chitukuko chamakampani, kugwa kwa pafupifupi 0.1 pH mayunitsi. Madzi ochuluka a acidic amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa ma corals, oyster, mussels ndi plankton ena kukhazikitsa chingwe chawo ndi skeletons, ndipo imafika pansi pa webu ya chakudya cha m’madzi.

Zina mwa zinthu zowononga mpweya zimalowa m’nyanjanso. Nitrojeni yochokera m’mafuta otulutsa mpweya ndi feteleza imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimadyetsa malo osatha. Mkuwa wa mercury wochokera kumoto wa kaboni ndi m’migodi yagolide yotsika mtengo imalowa m’nyanja, komwe ma microbes amasintha kukhala methylmercury, yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa m’madzi akuluakulu monga tuna ndi swordfish, komanso anthu omwe amawadya (UNEP Global Mercury Assessment 2018).

Mtsinjewu wakhala akuchotsa madzi m’nyanja mwamtendere kwa zaka makumi awiri. Mtengo wa ndalama ndi kufika mu chemistry yake.

Zomwe zimagwira ntchito

Kuwononga kwa mpweya kukuchepa mofulumira pamenepo komwe malamulo abwino amakumana ndi ukadaulo wabwino. Kudzera ku Europe ndi North America, zotulutsa za sulfure dioxide zidatsika kwambiri kuposa 80 peresenti pambuyo pofunikira scrubbers ndi mafuta oyera. Mu 2020, International Maritime Organization idachepetsa kuchuluka kwa sulphur m’madzi amadzi kuchokera pa 3.5 mpaka 0.5 peresenti. Kuphika bwino, kuyendetsa magalimoto ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi yotentha imachotsa chiyambi chake motero sichiyenera kusamalidwa pambuyo pake.

Momwe mungathandize

  • Onani mpweya womwe uli m’malo omwe muli. Mizinda ina imafalitsa za mpweya wabwino nthawi yachidule; ma sensors otsika mtengo amalola anthu kuti apange mapu a mizinda yawo. Kugawana zimene mupeza.
  • Kutentha pang’ono. Musagwiritse ntchito zinyalala za m’munda, mapulasitiki kapena matabwa opangidwa; ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito matabwa, kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa osungunuka ndi osungunuka mu chitoliro chamakono.
  • Chotsani, yenda m’galimoto, gwiritsani ntchito magalimoto ena kapena oyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi popita kumalo ochepa, ndipo chotsani injini zosagwira ntchito, makamaka pafupi ndi masukulu.
  • Apemphani kuti mupange mizinda yoyera. Sungani madera omwe si a anthu ambiri, mizinda ya sukulu ndi malo opanda mpweya woipa m’dziko lanu; pezani chithandizo kwa akuluakulu akunyumba yanu pa nkhani ya kusamalira malo ozungulira masukulu ndi maofesi a apolisi.
  • Chotsani mphamvu zoyera pamene wogulitsa wanu amalola izo, ndi kulimbikitsa zozizira zozizira zakudya mapulogalamu kwa makolo amenebe ophika pa moto wazitali.
  • Tikupemphani kuti muthandize kufotokoza za izi. Translator this page or build a local air map through the contribution board.

Zogulitsa ndi kuphunzira zambiri