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Wani layin haske ya faɗa a kan fuskar duniyar, an gani daga Tashar sararin samaniya ta Duniya.
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Mun raba yanayi guda, abin da ke fitowa daga wani tsiri a wani yanki na duniyar nan yana shiga cikin huhunmu da tekuna a sauran.

NASA

A kõwane yini kõwane ɗaya daga gare mu yana jin zafi ɗari ɗaya da arba’in na iska. Ba mu iya zaɓar wanne iska, kuma ba mu iya tsaftace shi da idanunmu: mafi haɗarin gurɓatacce ne wanda ba a gani. Yanayin yanayi shi ne kuma abokin cinikin tekun. Abubuwan da muke fitarwa zuwa cikin iska suna kaiwa ga teku, suna canja sinadaranta ta hanyoyi da aka yi gwajinsu tun kafin su fahimci hakan.

Me yake a cikin sama

  • Fine particles (PM2.5) sune kwayoyin da suke karami fiye da 2.5 micrometers, daga wuta mai zafi, itace, shuka da kuma gurɓatattun abubuwa, da kuma daga ƙura da matsaloli na kimiyyar halittu a cikin iska. Sunã da ƙarancin da zai isa su shiga cikin huhu da kuma zubar da jini.
  • Yawan ƙwayoyin cuta (PM10) yana fitowa daga ƙura, gina gine-gine da kuma amfani da hanyoyin. Sunã ɗõrawa a cikin hanci da kuma haɗin jiki.
  • Nitrogen dioxide ya zo ne daga motoci da kuma gidajen lantarki, kuma yana taimakawa wajen samar da ozone da kuma kwayoyin cuta.
  • Ground-level ozone an halitta shi ne lokacin da hasken rana ya dafa wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da gurɓatawa. Tanã lalata hanci da ƙirji kuma tanã halakar da shũka.
  • Sulphur dioxide Kuma daga cikinsa akwai man ɗãki mai nauyi.
  • Hasken gida daga dafa abinci da kuma rufewa da itace, man fetur, ko kerosene shi ne daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar, wanda mata da yara suke fuskantar mafi yawanci.

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Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa sakamakon haɗakar da zafi na waje da gida suna da alaƙa da 6.7 miliyan mutuwar da ta gabata a kowace shekara, ta hanyar raunuka, cututtukan zuciya, ciwon huhu, cututtukan huhu na dogon lokaci da kuma kamuwa da cututtuka. In 2019, 99 percent of the world’s population lived in places where the WHO’s air quality guideline levels were not met. A cikin 2021, WHO ta rage kashi na biyu na hanyarta don adadin shekara-shekara na PM2.5, daga 10 zuwa 5 micrograms a kowace mita cubic, saboda shaidar ta nuna illa a matsakaicin matakin da aka yi tsammani a baya.

6.7 millionpremature deaths a year from outdoor and household air pollution combined (WHO)
99%of people lived where WHO guideline levels were not met (WHO, 2019 data)
5 µg/m³WHO annual guideline for PM2.5 since 2021 (WHO)
A dust storm over the Sahara on the border of Algeria and Niger.
Dutsen da ke bakin teku ya wuce tekun duniya: Dutsen Saharan na samar da abinci ga Atlantika da Amazon, kuma yana haifar da rashin ingancin iska a gefen iska. Credit: NASA

The air changes the sea

Tekun ya shafe kusan rabin kashi na carbon dioxide da al’umma ta fitar. That has slowed climate change, at a price: dissolved CO2 forms carbonic acid, and the surface ocean has become about 30 percent more acidic since the industrial revolution, a fall of about 0.1 pH units. Wani ruwa mai yawa na acid yana sa ya zama da wuya ga korales, oyster, mussels da wasu plankton su gina kwayoyinsu da kuma kafafunsu, kuma yana kaiwa ga tushe na shafin abincin tekun.

Waɗansu matsalolin iska na daɗewa suna zuba a cikin tẽku. Nitrogen daga fitarwa da kuma shuka yana ƙara zuwa nauyin abinci wanda ke ciyar da yankuna matattu. Mercury daga wuta da kuma daga ƙaramin ma’aunin dutse na dutse yana shiga cikin teku, inda ƙwayoyin cuta ke juya shi zuwa methylmercury, wanda ke tasowa a cikin kifi mai girma kamar tuna da swordfish, da kuma a cikin mutane waɗanda suke cin su (UNEP Global Mercury Assessment 2018).

Tekun ya kasance yana tsaftace mu da iska cikin kwanciyar hankali na shekaru dubu biyu. Wannan kudi yana zuwa ne a cikin kimiyyarsa.

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Zazzabin hanta yana raguwa da sauri duk inda dokoki masu kyau suka hadu da fasaha mai kyau. A duk Turai da Amurka ta Arewa, fitar da sulfur dioxide ya ragu da fiye da kashi 80 bayan an buƙaci scrubbers da mai tsabtace man fetur. A cikin 2020, Hukumar Mota ta Duniya ta rage iyakar sulphur a cikin man fetur na jiragen ruwa daga kashi 3.5 zuwa 0.5%. Kayan dafa abinci mai tsabta, jigilar lantarki da kuma wutar lantarki ta iska da rana suna cire wurin daga cikinsu a matsayin tsaftacewa bayan haka.

Yadda zaka iya taimaka

  • Ka duba yanayin iska inda kake zaune. Cibiyoyin da yawa suna wallafa ingancin iska a lokaci na gaskiya; masu gane farashin da ke kasa suna ba jama’a damar yin maɓallin hanyoyinsu. Ku rarraba abin da kuka sãmi.
  • Ka kashe kaɗan. Ka guji kashe gurɓataccen shuka, filastik ko itacen da aka yi wa magani; idan kana yin zafi da itace, ka yi amfani da itace mai tsami a cikin wani kwano na zamani.
  • Ka yi tafiya, ka yi motar mota, ka raba ko ka yi amfani da wutar lantarki don tafiya mai tsawo, kuma ka rufe injinan da ke aiki ba tare da wani abu ba, musamman ma a kusa da makarantu.
  • Tara neman hanyoyin da za a tsaftace. Taimake yankunan da babu tashin hankali, tituna na makarantu da wuraren da ke da iska mai tsabta a yankinka; rubuta wa wakilai na gida game da kulawa kusa da makarantu da asibitoci.
  • Zaɓi wutar lantarki mai tsabta inda mai samar da wutar ya yarda, kuma ka goyi bayan shirin dafa abinci mai tsafta ga iyalai waɗanda ke ci gaba da dafa abinci a kan wuta.
  • Taimake mu ka bayyana shi. Fassara wannan shafi ko kuma gina wata maɓallin jirgin sama na gida ta hanyar taswirar gudummawa.

Sources and further reading