ku A Local Solar System Itsinda Umunyamuryango na ku A. in iyi Ikintu?
Home i: ku Umuvuduko. A Kuva: Kuri Gukomatanya in. Bya ni Bya Kuri, na OYA Kuri Inyuma Umwanya.
Tangira & vendorShortName; i. i.
Kureba
- i , i ya: A iminota na Hasi ku 100 m / s. i Iburyo: Bya i.
- Entry interface, about 120 km up. The capsule meets the first thin traces of air still moving at about 7.8 km/s.
- . Mbere Bya i ni Ikomeye, Bya Dogere Kubona Gihinguranya ya: A i & Ubwoko: Bya i Idirishya.
- i Kuva: i Ku 11 km / s, i Icyinjijwe Imfuruka Iburyo: Kuri A Bya A Dogere: na i i, na i Bidakora Bidakora i Nka A Bidakora amazi.
- . Bigyanye 10 i ni Ku A Km H. Gufungura, na Ku A Isigamwanya.
Gusobanukirwa
From a 400 km circular orbit (r = 6,778 km) the speed is 7.67 km/s. An ellipse whose low point is 50 km up has a = 6,603 km, and at 400 km its speed must be 7.57 km/s. The deorbit burn is the difference: about 102 m/s, just 1.3% of the orbital speed.
ni ½ V² A Air density ρ roughly halves every 5 km of descent (scale height about 7.2 km), so the deceleration rises steeply, peaks, and falls as the capsule slows. i Urugero hejuru:
| Icyinjijwe | Umuvuduko | Inguni | Guhagarika |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hasi: | 7.85 km/s | 1.5° | 8 g |
| i | 11 km/s | 8° | about 31 g |
| i in i | 11 km/s | 5.6° | 7 G |
| i, | 11 km/s | 4.8° | Inyuma Inyuma |
Na: A Kwimura (Cya hafi Bya ni Bidakora - Hagati:, na Kuri, i Kuri 4 g ya: A na Kuri 2 Dogere.
Umunyeshuri
Urugero i Bya Na: na Kurura:
dv/dt = −μ r/|r|³ − (ρ(h) |v| / 2β) v, ρ(h) = ρ₀ e^(−h/H)
with β = m/(C_D A) = 350 kg/m² (capsule-like) and H = 7.2 km. A Icyinjijwe, na (1958) i ni Bya β:
a_max ≈ v_E² sin γ / (2 e H)
For the steep lunar case (γ = 8°) it gives about 44 g; the full simulation gives 31 g, because gravity keeps bending the path shallower as the capsule descends. , i Icyinjijwe Imfuruka, OYA i Ingano:, i G - Ibirimo, ni buri A.
Gushaka
Using the vis-viva lesson, check the deorbit burn: a circular orbit at 400 km (r = 6,778 km) has speed √(μ/r). An ellipse from 400 km down to 50 km has a = (6,778 + 6,428)/2. How much slower must the capsule go at 400 km? (μ = 398,600 km³/s²)
. i.
Igisubizo
3 Muhugura Ibibazo. Kuri NIBA ni i Iburyo:.
-
About how much must a spacecraft slow down in orbit to start coming home from 400 km?
- A 7.7 km/s
- B About 100 m/s
- C 1. km/ s
- D Guhagarara
i
B. About 100 m/s A Gitoya i Bya i i; i i Bya i Umuvuduko.
-
i
- A Na: i Ikimenyetso
- B in Imbere Bya Gihinguranya Nka
- C Amashanyarazi
- D Ibikorwa
i
B. in Imbere Bya Gihinguranya Nka
-
NIBA A Kuva: i i
- A Byahinduwe
- B Guhagarara Inyuma Umwanya
- C Hejuru
- D in
i
B. Guhagarara Inyuma Umwanya
Umurongo
- i
- i
- i
i Byuzuye Kuri Kubika Kuri Impinduka ku iyi APAREYE.
Byuzuye.
i Iheruka in iyi Inzira:. Impinduka
in iyi
Inkomoko
- NASA, Orion heat shield and entry (Artemis I)
- NASA, Apollo entry corridor, Apollo Experience Report: Entry Guidance and Control
- ESA, Soyuz return to Earth: how it works
- U.S. Standard Atmosphere 1976 (NOAA/NASA/USAF), exponential approximation with 7.2 km scale height
- H. D. Curtis, Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students, 4th ed.
ni CC BY-SA 4.0.