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Izinsuku zenyanga nezingqimba
Vula ikhasi eligcweleYini lokhu? Inyanga ayikhiqizi ukukhanya kwayo. Ukukhanya kwelanga kuhlala kungenxa yaleyo nhlamvu, futhi njengoba iMhlaba ihamba ngaphesheya kweplanethi, cishe izikhathi ezingu-29.5 ngosuku, sibona ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwaleyo nhlamvu ekhanyayo. Lawa mafomu ashintshayo yimijikelezo.
Indlela yokusetshenziswa kwayo: Dlulisa i-"Days from today" slider, noma chofoza Play. Umbono omkhulu ubheka phansi ezweni kanye nenyanga kusuka phezulu kakhulu; isithombe esincane sibonisa inyanga njengoba uyibonayo kusukela ezweni.
Inyanga namhlanje
Inyanga egcwele elandelayo: Inyanga entsha elandelayo:
Ukubuka kusuka phezulu
Ukubuka kusuka eMhlabeni
Uma ubona kusuka enyakatho yezwekazi ilanga libheke phezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo yokubuka yasenyakatho, ngakho-ke ingxenye ekhanyayo ishintshiwe.
Zama lokhu
- Dlulisa kuze kube uLwezi luhlala phakathi kwe-Isihlabathi nelanga.Isixhumanisi: Le yinyanga entsha. Ingxenye ekhanyayo ibheke phambili, ngakho-ke asibona lutho; inyanga iyizulu lemini, ilahlekile emlilweni welanga.
- Qhubeka uqhubekela phambili ngezinsuku ezingu-15, kuze kube yinyanga egcwele.Isixhumanisi: Manje i-Earth iyiphakathi kwelanga nenyanga futhi sibona inhlamvu egcwele. Inyanga egcwele ikhula njengoba ilanga liphuma futhi liphezulu yonke imini.
- Chofoza Dlala bese ubheka umlayezo ngaphansi kwamanani ngaso sonke isikhathi sonyaka omusha nonyaka ogcwele.Isixhumanisi: Inyanga eminingi ayikho i-eclipse: indlela yenyanga ihamba ngokuyi-5°, ngakho-ke ivame ukudlula phezulu noma ngaphansi kwesithunzi. I-eclipses ikhona kuphela "isikhathi se-eclipse", cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sonyaka omibili.
- Khetha "Ngihlala enyakatho ye-hemispheric".Isixhumanisi: Isithombe sishintsha phansi. Ku-Australia noma e-Argentina uLwezi omnyama ukhanya ngakwesobunxele, hhayi kwesokudla.
Izinhlamvu ezimqoka
Kungani sibona amaphaseji?
Shintsha i-torch kwibhola egumbini elimnyama bese uhamba eduze kwayo: kusuka kwezinye izindawo uzobona yonke inhlamvu ekhanyayo, kusuka kwabanye nje isibhakabhaka. Ilanga yi-torch, inyanga iyibhola futhi ukhona emhlabeni phakathi. Isigaba asikho isizathu sokwenza nesithunzi sezwe; lokhu kubaluleke kuphela ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwenyanga.
Amasu: Isigaba senyanga kusuka ku J. Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms (isibuyekezo sesi-2, 1998), iziqephu ezingu-47 kuya ku-48; ukuqapha kwe-eclipse kusuka kusiqephu esingu-54. Izimo ezintsha zenyanga kanye nezimo ezigcwele zibalolwa kusuka kuzifomula ezifanayo futhi zilungile ngaphakathi kosuku oluphakathi.
Ingabe ingxenye ekhanyayo yenyanga singabona ngayo kusuka emhlabeni. Ishintsha kusuka kulutho (inyanga entsha) kuya kuyo yonke (inyanga egcwele) futhi ibuyela emuva cishe ngezinsuku ezingama-29.5.
Ukuncibilika kusho ukukhula: kukhanya kancane ebusuku, kusukela ngenyanga entsha kuya ngenyanga egcwele. Ukuncipha kusho ukuncipha: kusuka ngenyanga egcwele emuva kuze kube nenyanga entsha.
Inyanga ekhulayo incane kunengxenye ekhanyayo, inqwaba encane ejikelezayo. Inyanga eyisicaba ingaphezulu kwengxenye ekhanyayo kodwa ayikho egcwele.
Ingabe ingxenye enkulu yelanga, njengoba siyibona kusuka emhlabeni, ikhanya yilanga. 50% iyinyanga engxenyeni; 100% iyinyanga egcwele.
Inani lamasonto kusukela ngenyanga entsha yokugqibela. Isigaba esigcwele sithatha cishe amasonto angama-29.5.
Okuningi ku-glossary →Uma ilungu elinye livala ukukhanya kwelinye. Ku-eclipse yelanga, uLwandle luvala ukukhanya kwelanga; ku-eclipse yenyanga, uLwandle ludlula isithunzi sezulu futhi lushintsha ube mnyama noma obomvu obubomvu.
Okuningi ku-glossary →Enye yezingxenye ezimbili lapho indlela ejikelezayo yenyanga idlula khona iplanethi yendlela yezulu ejikeleza uLwandle. Izinkanyezi zingaba khona kuphela uma inyanga entsha noma egcwele iwela eduze kwe-node.
Okuningi ku-glossary →Ithebula ledatha (ukhetho lombhalo)
| Usuku | Isigaba | Ikhanya |
|---|---|---|
| Nov 12 | I-crescent ekhulayo | 11.4 % |
| Nov 13 | I-crescent ekhulayo | 18 % |
| Nov 14 | I-crescent ekhulayo | 25.8 % |
| Nov 15 | Ikota yokuqala | 34.5 % |
| Nov 16 | Ikota yokuqala | 43.8 % |
| Nov 17 | Ikota yokuqala | 53.5 % |
| Nov 18 | Ikota yokuqala | 63.3 % |
| Nov 19 | Ukuncibilika kwe-gibbous | 72.9 % |
| Nov 20 | Ukuncibilika kwe-gibbous | 81.8 % |
| Nov 21 | Ukuncibilika kwe-gibbous | 89.6 % |
| Nov 22 | Ukuncibilika kwe-gibbous | 95.5 % |
| Nov 23 | Inyanga egcwele | 99.1 % |
| Nov 24 | Inyanga egcwele | 99.9 % |
| Nov 25 | Inyanga egcwele | 97.9 % |
| Nov 26 | I-waning gibbous | 93 % |
| Nov 27 | I-waning gibbous | 85.6 % |
| Nov 28 | I-waning gibbous | 76.3 % |
| Nov 29 | Ikota yokugqibela | 65.8 % |
| Nov 30 | Ikota yokugqibela | 54.8 % |
| Dis 1 | Ikota yokugqibela | 43.8 % |
| Dis 2 | Ikota yokugqibela | 33.4 % |
| Dis 3 | I-crescent ehamba kancane | 24.1 % |
| Dis 4 | I-crescent ehamba kancane | 16 % |
| Dis 5 | I-crescent ehamba kancane | 9.41 % |
| Dis 6 | I-crescent ehamba kancane | 4.49 % |
| Dis 7 | Inyanga entsha | 1.35 % |
| Dis 8 | Inyanga entsha | 0.0403 % |
| Dis 9 | Inyanga entsha | 0.57 % |
| Dis 10 | Inyanga entsha | 2.88 % |
| Dis 11 | I-crescent ekhulayo | 6.88 % |
Inyanga ayishintshi umbo. Inani elilinganayo lihlala likhanya ngoMhlaba; okuguqulwa wukuthi inani elikhulu lengxenye ekhanyayo libheke kuwe. Uma ubona ukuthi kungani, ama-eclipses ayeka ukuba yimfihlo futhi aqale ukuba nokubikezela.
Ingxenye yenyanga ihlala ikhanya. Amaphasela akhona kuphela ngombono wethu.
Bona
Inyanga ayikhiqizi ukukhanya kwayo. Ikhanya ngoba ilanga liwela kuyo. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, inhlamvu eyodwa yenyanga ikhanya ngoMhlaba kanti enye inhlamvu imnyama, njengokuba umhlaba unemini nobusuku.
Uma uLwezi luhamba eduze kwe-Isihlabathi, sibona inani elihlukile lengxenye yayo ekhanyayo:
- Inyanga entsha: inyanga iphakathi kwelanga nezwe. Ingxenye ekhanyayo ibhekene nathi, ngakho-ke asikwazi ukuyibona.
- Ingxenye yokuqala: sibona inhlamvu yesigamu secwecwe elizimele.
- Inyanga egcwele: Iplanethi iphakathi kwelanga nenyanga. Sibona isigamu esigcwele esikhanyayo.
- Ingxenye yesithathu: isigamu sikhanya futhi, enye ingxenye.
Kuthuluzi, isithombe esisekhohlo sibheka phansi ezweni kanye nenyanga kusuka phezulu kakhulu, noMhlaba uphuma ngakwesobunxele. Isithombe esikwesokudla sibonisa lokho okubonayo kusuka eMhlabeni. Hambisa isikhombi bese ubheka ukuthi zishintsha zombili.
Ngamanye amaxesha ilanga, umhlaba nenyanga zilungele ngokucacile:
- I-solar eclipse ivela lapho isithunzi senyanga siwela emhlabeni ngesikhathi sonyaka omusha.
- I-lunar eclipse ivela lapho isithunzi sezulu siwela kuMhlaba ngesikhathi soMhlaba ogcwele.
Ukuqonda
Inyanga ihamba kabili ejikeleza umhlaba, ilinganiselwa ngokumelene nezinkanyezi, nge 27.3 izinsuku (inyanga yelanga). Kodwa amaphasela aphindaphindwa wonke amasonto angama-29.5 (inyanga ye-synodic). Yini ushintsho? Lapho uLwandle lujikeleza i-Earth, i-Earth ihamba cishe ngengxenye engu-1/12 yendlela ejikeleza ngayo i-Sun. Inyanga idinga cishe amasonto amabili okuqhubeka nokufinyelela engxenyeni entsha yelanga.
Uhlu lwesikhala esikhanyayo luya ngokuya nge-angle phakathi kwelanga nenyanga njengoba kuboniswe kusuka eMhlabeni, okuthiwa yi elongation:
| Ukude | Isigaba | Ingxenye ebhalwe phansi |
|---|---|---|
| 0° | Inyanga entsha | 0% |
| 90° | Ikota yokuqala | 50% |
| 180° | Inyanga egcwele | 100% |
| 270° | Ikota yokugqibela | 50% |
Uma uLwezi luhamba ngokugcwele kwiplanethi efanayo njengoba iDlayini ihamba ngoLwezi, sizothola ukunyakaza kwelanga ngaso sonke isiqephu senyanga entsha kanye nokunyakaza kwelanga ngaso sonke isiqephu senyanga egcwele. Kodwa-ke, i-orbit yenyanga ihlobene ngokufanayo Amadigri angama-5.1. Inyanga idlula kancane ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi komgwaqo welanga-mhlaba, futhi akukho okuzokwenzeka.
Izinhlamvu ezimbili lapho i-orbit yenyanga idlula khona iplanethi ye-orbit yezwe zibizwa ngokuthi nodes. I-eclipses ingase ikwenzeke kuphela uma uLwezi olusha noma olugcwele ludlula eduze kwe-node. Le nto ikhona emavikini amabili enyaka wonke, cishe amasonto ayisithupha ahlukene.
Umphathi
Uhlu olukhanyayo k lulandela i-phase angle i (iSun-Moon-Earth angle):
k = (1 + cos i) / 2
Ngenxa yokuthi ilanga liyimizuzu engu-390 eduze kwenyanga, i ≈ 180° - ubukhulu. Ithuluzi libala i nge-Meeus’s series (Astronomical Algorithms, eq. 48.4), elungisa ukude okuphakathi kwezikhathi ezijwayelekile zenyanga nelanga. Ibeka ama-moons amasha negcwele ngaphakathi kwehora elilodwa lesikhathi esifanele, okuningi ukufundeka.
Inyanga ye-synodic ilandela izivinini ezimbili ze-angle: 1/P_syn = 1/P_sid − 1/P_year = 1/27.3217 − 1/365.256, enikeza amasonto angama-29.531.
Uma ngabe i-eclipse ingase ibe khona kuxhomekeka ku- isinqumo selanga F, i-angle yayo kusuka esigabeni esiphezulu. Meeus unikeza umthetho wokuqapha osheshayo: kuMhlaba omusha noma ogcwele, uma |sin F|> 0.36 (F ngaphezulu kuka-21° kusuka engxenyeni), asikho i-eclipse. Ithuluzi lisebenzisa ngokugcwele lesi sifundo. Kuyinto edingekayo, hhayi ukubikezela uhlobo lwe-eclipse noma lapho ibonakala khona: okudinga ubude benyanga, ubukhulu besithunzi sezulu kanye nezimo ezicacile kakhulu.
Ama-nodes angeke alungiswe. Bahamba emuva ngakwesokudla endaweni ye-ecliptic kanye ngonyaka weminyaka engu-18.6, ngakho-ke amasimu e-eclipse afika cishe ngezinsuku ezingama-19 ngaphambili ngonyaka, futhi yingxenye yokuthi kungani ama-eclipses ephindaphindiwe eminyakeni eminingi engama-18 i-saros isikhashana.
Zama
Dlulisa isici sokushaya ukuze uthole uLwezi olandelayo. Ingabe iphakathi ne-node (i-eclipse ingase ibe khona)? Ngemuva kwalokho thola uLwezi omusha. Khangela izindaba noma iwebhusayithi yendawo yokubuka ukuze ubone uma kukhona okuthile okungenzeka kube yi-eclipse ngalolusuku.
Iningi. Izinhlekelele zikhona lapho ukufunda kuqhubeka khona.
Umbuzo osheshayo
3 imibuzo esheshayo. Khetha impendulo ukuze ubone uma ulungile.
-
Yini ebangela amaphasela wenyanga?
- A Isithunzi sezulu siwela kuMsombuluko
- B Ingabe sizoba nengxenye ekhanyayo yenyanga esiyibona kusuka emhlabeni
- C Amafu enyanga
- D Inyanga ishintsha ubude bayo kusuka emhlabeni
Bonisa impendulo
B. Ingabe sizoba nengxenye ekhanyayo yenyanga esiyibona kusuka emhlabeni Isithunzi sezulu sifinyelela kuphela kuMhlaba ngesikhathi sonyaka omnyama. Amaphaseji abhekisela ekhoneni lokubheka.
-
Kungani kungekho unyaka omusha ngaso sonke isikhathi?
- A Inyanga inkulu kakhulu
- B I-orbit yenyanga ihamba ngamaqondo angama-5, ngakho-ke ivame ukudlula phezulu noma ngaphansi kwelanga
- C Ilanga lihamba ngokushesha kakhulu
- D I-eclipses yelanga ikhona kuphela ebusika
Bonisa impendulo
B. I-orbit yenyanga ihamba ngamaqondo angama-5, ngakho-ke ivame ukudlula phezulu noma ngaphansi kwelanga
-
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani kusukela emnyangweni owodwa kuya kolandelayo?
- A 27.3 izinsuku
- B 29.5 izinsuku
- C 30 days exactly
- D Izinsuku ezingama-365
Bonisa impendulo
B. 29.5 izinsuku Izinsuku ezingama-27.3 yisikhathi esisodwa sokuhamba ngamandla elanga; amasigaba aphindaphindiwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-29.5 ngoba iplanethi ihamba ngamandla elanga phakathi naleso sikhathi.
Ingxenye yelayini
- Idlala nge-interactive
- Funda isifundo
- Ukwenze kanjani isiphakamiso
- Uthathe isifundo
Phawula isifundo siqediwe ukuze uyigcine ekwenzeni kwakho kulolu hlelo.
Isifundo siqediwe. Kulungile!
Phezulu okulandelayo Isibhakabhaka sakusihlwa nokugqwala kwelangaAmagama kule ncwadi
Amasu
- J. Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms, 2nd ed., Willmann-Bell (1998), ISBN 0-943396-61-1, chapters 47, 48 and 54
- NASA NSSDCA Moon Fact Sheet
- NASA Eclipse Web Site (F. Espenak)
- U.S. Naval Observatory: Phases of the Moon
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