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Eclipses
Open full pageChii ichi? The Moon makes no light of its own. The Sun always lights one half of it, and as the Moon travels round Earth, about once every 29.5 days, we see more or less of that lit half. Those changing shapes are the phases.
Maitiro ekuishandisa: Dzvanya pane "Days from today" slider, kana tinya Play. Iyo yakakura skrini inotarisa pasi penyika nemwedzi kubva pamusoro; iyo yakaderera skrini inotsanangura kuti sei mwedzi iri kuonekwa kubva panyika.
The Moon tonight
Next full moon: New Moon:
Kuona kubva pamusoro
Kuonekwa kubva panyika
Kana uchiona kubva kuchamhembe kwepasi, mwedzi unoonekwa wakazvimiririra nezuva, asi kana uchitarisa kubva kumabvazuva, mwedzi unoratidzika kunge wakazvimiririra.
Tarisa izvi
- Dzvanya kuti utore mwedzi pakati penyika nezuva.Nharaunda: Chiedza chemwedzi chinobuda muzuva risina mvura, uye chinoratidza kuti zuva riri kuuya. Izvo zvinoitika kana mwedzi uri pakati pezuva nezuva.
- Kuenderera mberi nezve 15 mazuva, kusvika kuMweya Mutsvene.Nharaunda: Asi kana mwedzi uri pakati pezuva nezuva, mazuva anotanga kuuya mushure mekunge zuva rabuda uye richienda mberi kusvika pazuva rinosvika.
- Tinya Play uye tarisa meseji pasi pezvinyorwa pazuva rimwe nerimwe remwedzi.Nharaunda: Mumwedzi mizhinji hapana eclipse: nzira yeMweya inotarisana ne5 °, saka inowanzoenda pamusoro kana pasi pechiedza.Eclipses zvinoitika chete mu "eclipse seasons", pamusoro pemwedzi gumi nemana.
- Tick "Ine mutauro wechiSpanish"Nharaunda: Kubva kuAustralia kana Argentina, mwedzi uri kubuda unoonekwa pashure pezuva, asi kwete pamusoro pezuva.
Maitiro ari kutevera
Nei tichiona maphaseji?
Kutanga:
Izvo: Moon phase kubva J. Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms (2nd edition, 1998), zvitsauko 47 kusvika 48; eclipse kuongorora kubva chitsauko 54. Next new uye full Moon zuva rakanyorwa kubva pamwechete formulas uye ndivo akarurama mukati pamusoro half a day.
Kutanga kubva pazuva rekutanga (mwedzi mitsva) kusvika kuzuva rekupedzisira (mwedzi wakatsvuka) uyezve kumashure, zuva rinofamba nenguva inosvika 29.5 mazuva.
Kukura kunoreva kukwira: zuva rinotanga kupisa kakawanda pazuva, kubva pakubuda kweMweya kusvika pakusvika kweMweya.Kudonha kunoreva kuderera: kubva pakuuya kweMweya kuenda pakubuda kweMweya.
A gibbous Moon inopfuura nehafu yacho yakasviba asi haisi kunyatsonhuwirira.A crescent Moon is less than half lit, a thin curved sliver.
How much of the Moon's face, as we see it from Earth, is lit by the Sun. 50% is a half Moon; 100% is a full Moon.
Nhamba yemazuva kubva pakutanga kwemwedzi. A chimiro chenguva chakazara chinotora 29,5 mazuva.
More in the glossary →Muzuva eclipse, Mwezi anobata Sun; mumwedzi eclipse, Mwezi inopinda pasi pechiedza chenyika uye inobva yakaoma kana coppery red.
More in the glossary →Mufananidzo wezuva nemwedzi. Kunyangwe mwedzi uri pakati penyika nenyika, mwedzi unoonekwa seyakaenzana nenzvimbo yezuva. Zvimwe zvinoitika kana mwedzi wapera kana kuti wakasvika pakutenderera kwezuva.
More in the glossary →Data tafura (text alternative)
| _Tafura | Phase | Yakajeka |
|---|---|---|
| Gum 9 | Mhepo itsva | 0.994 % |
| Gum 10 | Mhepo itsva | 0.00384 % |
| Gum 11 | Mhepo itsva | 1.21 % |
| Gum 12 | Kukura kwezuva | 4.43 % |
| Gum 13 | Kukura kwezuva | 9.41 % |
| Gum 14 | Kukura kwezuva | 15.9 % |
| Gum 15 | Kukura kwezuva | 23.5 % |
| Gum 16 | Chipiri | 32 % |
| Gum 17 | Chipiri | 41 % |
| Gum 18 | Chipiri | 50.5 % |
| Gum 19 | Chipiri | 60 % |
| Gum 20 | Gibbous | 69.3 % |
| Gum 21 | Gibbous | 78.1 % |
| Gum 22 | Gibbous | 86 % |
| Gum 23 | Gibbous | 92.5 % |
| Gum 24 | Chiedza chezuva | 97.2 % |
| Gum 25 | Chiedza chezuva | 99.7 % |
| Gum 26 | Chiedza chezuva | 99.6 % |
| Gum 27 | Chiedza chezuva | 96.8 % |
| Gum 28 | Kudonha kwegibbous | 91.3 % |
| Gum 29 | Kudonha kwegibbous | 83.5 % |
| Gum 30 | Kudonha kwegibbous | 73.9 % |
| Gum 31 | Chipiri | 63.1 % |
| Mbu 1 | Chipiri | 51.8 % |
| Mbu 2 | Chipiri | 40.6 % |
| Mbu 3 | Kudonha kwezuva | 30 % |
| Mbu 4 | Kudonha kwezuva | 20.7 % |
| Mbu 5 | Kudonha kwezuva | 12.8 % |
| Mbu 6 | Kudonha kwezuva | 6.68 % |
| Mbu 7 | Mhepo itsva | 2.51 % |
Mwezi hauna kuchinja fomu. Nekuti hafu yezuva rinogara riri kupisa, chinhu chinochinja ndechekuti zvikamu zvipi zvezuva zvinotarisana newe. Kana ukaona kuti nei, eclipses inotanga kunge iri yakasarudzika uye inowanzo fungidzirwa.
Nekuti hafu yezuva rinogara muzuva, zuva rinoonekwa sechiedza chezuva. Maphaseji aya ndiwo chete maonero edu.
Ona
Mhepo haisi kuumba mwanga wayo. Inotaridzika zvakanaka nekuti mhepo inopisa inopinda mukati. Munguva imwecheteyo, imwe hafu yeMweya inoratidzwa nezuva uye imwe yacho inofadza, sezvakaitika panyika apo zuva raive richionekwa chete panguva imwe chete.
SezvaMweya unofamba pamusoro penyika, tinoona mimwe miviri yacho ichibuda nezuva zvakasiyana:
- New Moon: Mwezi uri pakati penyika nezuva. Iyo yakasviba hafu inotarisa kunze kwedu, saka hatigone kuiona.
- First quarter: tinoona hafu yedhiski yawakamira.
- Full Moon: Iyo Earth iri pakati pezuva nemwedzi. Tinoona yose yakasviba hafu.
- Last quarter: half lit again, the other side.
Muchirongwa ichi, vhidhiyo yekumashure inotarisa pasi penyika nemwedzi kubva pamusoro pezuva, uye zuva riri kumashure. Chifananidzo chekurudyi chinoratidza zvaunoona kubva panyika. Shandisa slider uye tarisa zviviri zvinochinja pamwe chete.
Zvimwe nguva, Sun, Earth uye Moon zvinotarisana zvakaenzana:
- A-M_BAR_Chirungu Eclipse yezuva Chiedza cheMweya chinoonekwa pazuva rekutanga remwedzi.
- A-M_BAR_Chirungu Lunar Eclipse Chiedza chezuva chinopinda muMweya kana kuti chichibuda pasi peMweya.
_Zvinyorwa
Mhepo inofamba kamwechete pazuva, kana ichienzaniswa nezviratidzo, mu 27.3 zuva (mumwedzi wezvekunze). Asi maphaseji anoenderera mberi nese 29.5 mazuva (iyo synodic mwedzi). Nei kusiyana? Asi kana mwedzi uri kutenderera pasi, nyika inofamba ne1/12 yenzira yainoita pazuva. Mhepo inofanira kugara nguva yakati wandei kuti iite sezvainoita nezuva.
Kuonekwa kwezuva nemwedzi kunosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yenyika, uye kuratidzwa kwezuva nemwedzi kunosiyanawo zvichienderana nenzvimbo yenyika. elongation:
| Elongation | Phase | Chikamu chekunyora |
|---|---|---|
| 0° | Mhepo itsva | 0% |
| 90° | Chipiri | 50% |
| 180° | Chiedza chezuva | 100% |
| 270° | Chipiri | 50% |
Kana mwedzi yainge iri munzira imwecheteyo nenyika ichifamba pamusoro pezuva, tinenge tawana eclipse yezuva pazuva rimwe chete remwedzi uye eclipse yezuva pazuva rimwe chete remwedzi. Asi Moon’s orbit inotarisana neanenge 5.1 degrees. Mutemo wekuti mwedzi unofamba pamusoro pezuva kana pasi pezuva hauna kuitika.
Mativi maviri ezuva anotarisana nechiedza chezuva anozivikanwa sematafura ezuva. nodes. Eclipses zvinogona kuitika chete kana atsva kana mwedzi yakazara inosvika pedyo nenode. Izvi zvinoitika mumakore maviri e “eclipse seasons” (nguva dzekuparadzwa kwezuva) pagore, zvichienzaniswa nemwedzi miviri.
Munyori
Iyo inoratidzwa fraction k inotevera kubva kuphase angle i (iyo Sun-Moon-Earth angle):
k = (1 + cos i) / 2
Nekuti zuva rinenge 390 nguva rakareba kupfuura mwedzi, i ≈ 180° − elongation. Chirongwa ichi chinohesa i neMeeus’s series (Astronomical Algorithms, eq. 48.4), iyo inogadzirisa iyo yepakati elongation yezvinyorwa zvekutanga zvezuva nezuva zveMweya uye ma orbits ezuva. Inoisa maMweya matsva neakazara mukati meawa imwe chete kubva panguva yacho, izvo zvinopa mukana wekudzidza.
Iyo synodic mwedzi inotevera kubva kune maviri angular speeds: 1/P_syn = 1/P_sid − 1/P_year = 1/27.3217 − 1/365.256, ichipa 29.531 zuva.
Kana eclipse iri nyore, zvinoenderana neF yeMweya’s argument of latitude, iyo angle kubva kumusoro node. Meeus anopa chirevo chekuongorora: pazuva remwedzi itsva kana rakazara, kana |sin F| > 0.36 (F kupfuura 21° kubva kune node), hapana eclipse. Chirongwa ichi chinopawo bvunzo iyi. Icho chikonzero chakakosha, kwete kufungidzira rudzi rwekuparadzwa kwezuva kana kuti uko kunoonekwa: izvo zvinoda makiromita eMweya, geometry yechiedza chenyika uye nzvimbo dzakajeka.
Nodes havana kugadziriswa. Vachifamba-famba kumashure pamusoro peecliptic kamwe chete pagore rimwe nerimwe re18.6, izvo zvinoita kuti eclipse seasons dzive 19 days gare gare gore rega rega, uye ndezvekuti nei eclipses dzichizoitika mumakore anopfuura 18. saros chirongwa.
Tarisa
Dzvanya pane iyo slider kuti uwane inotevera yakazara mwedzi. Iine node (inogona kunge paine eclipse)? Saka tsvaga itsva mwedzi. Ona pawebhusaiti yezvenhau kana ye observatory kuti uone kana paine eclipse pane iyo zuva.
Great. Zvipingamupinyi ndezvekuti kudzidza kunoramba kuripo.
Chidzidzo chekukurukura
3 nhanho mibvunzo. Choose mashoko kuti uone kana iwe uri zvakanaka.
-
Chii chinokonzera maphaseji eMweya?
- A Chiedza chezuva chinobuda paMweya
- B Chii chatinogona kuona kubva panyika chechimwe chikamu cheMweya
- C Makomo paMweya
- D Mhepo inofamba nechimiro chemufananidzo wezuva.
Kuratidza mhinduro
B. Chii chatinogona kuona kubva panyika chechimwe chikamu cheMweya Chiedza chenyika chinosvika paMweya chete panguva yezuva rinopisa. Maphaseji anoratidza angle yekuona.
-
Nei pasina eclipse yezuva pazuva rimwe chete?
- A Chiedza chezuva
- B Orbit yeMweya inotenderera ne5 degrees, saka inowanzoenda pamusoro kana pasi pezuva.
- C Sun moves too fast
- D Solar eclipses zvinoitika chete muzhizha
Kuratidza mhinduro
B. Orbit yeMweya inotenderera ne5 degrees, saka inowanzoenda pamusoro kana pasi pezuva.
-
Mazuva emwedzi anotanga sei kubva pazuva rimwe chete kusvika rinotevera?
- A 27.3 zuva
- B 29.5 mazuva
- C 30 mazuva zvakajeka
- D 365 mazuva
Kuratidza mhinduro
B. 29.5 mazuva 27.3 mazuva ndeimwe orbit pamusoro pezviratidzo; maphaseji anoenderera mberi mushure me29.5 mazuva nekuti nyika yakafamba pamusoro pezuva panguva iyoyo.
Kusvika pakupera
- Yakatamba neyakaenzana
- Ona dzidziso
- Akakunda chipingamupinyi
- Akatora chidzidzo
. Kuchengeta kuenderera mberi kwebasa pane iyi kifaa, tinya paKunyora.
Chidzidzo chakapera. Yakanaka!
Kumusoro Nhasi, mweya wezuva unopisa uye unotonhora.Mashoko mubhuku rino
Zvinyorwa
- J. Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms, 2nd ed., Willmann-Bell (1998), ISBN 0-943396-61-1, chapters 47, 48 and 54
- NASA NSSDCA Moon Fact Sheet
- NASA Eclipse Web Site (F. Espenak)
- U.S. Naval Observatory: Phases of the Moon
Iyi dzidzo ine mubhadharo CC BY-SA 4.0.