Le ncwadi yabhalwa ngu Local Solar System Iqela le-Fundamente lilungu kwaye lingaphuculwa ngumvavanyi oqeqeshiweyo. Ingaba uqeqeshiwe kulo mxholo?
Iinkqubo zenyanga ne Eclipses
Vula iphepha elipheleleyoYintoni le? The Moon makes no light of its own. The Sun always lights one half of it, and as the Moon travels round Earth, about once every 29.5 days, we see more or less of that lit half. Those changing shapes are the phases.
Indlela yokusetyenziswa kwayo: Rhuqa i "Iintsuku ukusuka namhlanje" umtya wokudada, okanye nqakraza Dlala. Imboniselo enkulu ijonge ezantsi kwihlabathi nenyanga ukusuka phezulu kakhulu; umfanekiso omncinci ubonisa ilanga njengoko ungalibona ukusuka kwihlabathi.
Inyanga namhlanje
Inyanga epheleleyo Elandelayo: Inyanga Entsha Elandelayo:
Imboniselo evela phezulu
Imboniselo evela kwihlabathi
Ibonakala kwi-hemispheric yasempumalanga iNyanga ijikeleze phantsi xa kuthelekiswa nombono wasempuma, ngoko ke icala elikhanyayo lijika.
Zama oku
- Rhweba ngaphakathi Iilayini Zeqela leenkwenkwezi e GeminiIsaziso: Le yinyanga entsha. Ingxenye ekhanyayo ijonge kude nathi, ngoko ke asiboni nto; inyanga ikwilanga lemini, ilahlekile kwilanga eliqaqambileyo.
- Keep going about 15 days, to full Moon.Isaziso: Ngoku ihlabathi liphakathi kwelanga nenyanga kwaye sibona yonke inxenye ekhanyayo. Inyanga epheleleyo inyuka xa ilanga liphuma kwaye liphezulu yonke imini.
- Nqakraza Dlala kwaye ujonge umyalezo phantsi kwamanani kwinyanga nganye entsha nepheleleyo.Isaziso: Iinyanga ezininzi akukho xesha lokungqubana: indlela yenyanga ijikelezwe ngamaqondo angama-5°, ngoko ke ihlala idlula ngasentla okanye ngezantsi kwesithunzi. Ukungqubana kwenzeka kuphela kwi "ixesha lokungqubana", malunga neenyanga ezisibhozo.
- Khetha "Ndihlala kwi hemisphere esempuma".Isaziso: Umfanekiso ujika phezulu nobucala. Ukusuka eAustralia okanye eArgentina inyanga ekhanyayo ikhanya ngasekhohlo, hayi ngasekunene.
Iimbono ezimva kwayo
Kutheni sibona iimeko?
Ukukhanya kwelanga kwibhola emnyama yegumbi kwaye uhambe kuyo: ukusuka kwezinye iindawo ubona yonke inxalenye ekhanyayo, ukusuka kwezinye kuphela isiqhamo. Ilanga lilanga, inyanga yibhola kwaye ukwihlabathini phakathi. Inqanaba alinanto yokwenza nesithunzi sehlabathi; oko kubaluleke kuphela ngexesha lonyaka omnyama.
Sources: Moon phase from J. Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms (2nd edition, 1998), chapters 47 to 48; eclipse screening from chapter 54. Next new and full Moon dates are computed from the same formulas and are accurate to within about half a day.
How much of the Moon's sunlit half we can see from Earth. It changes from nothing (new Moon) to all of it (full Moon) and back in about 29.5 days.
Ukunyuka kuthetha ukunyuka: okuninzi kukhanya yonke imini, ukusuka kwinyanga entsha ukuya kwinyanga epheleleyo. Ukuhla kuthetha ukuncipha: ukusuka kwinyanga epheleleyo kwakhona ukuya kwinyanga entsha.
Inyanga ejikelezayo ingaphantsi kwengxenye yelanga, isiqwenga esincinci esigobileyo. Inyanga ejikelezayo ingaphezulu kwengxenye yelanga kodwa ayikho igcweleyo.
Ininzi kangakanani na i Moon' s face, njengoko siyibona ukusuka kwihlabathi, ikhanya yi Sun. 50% yinyanga ephindwe kabini; 100% yinyanga epheleleyo.
The number of days since the last new Moon. A full cycle of phases takes about 29.5 days.
Okuninzi kwincwadi eneenkcukacha →Xa iqulethe ilanga lenye. Kwi eklipsi yelanga inyanga ivala ilanga; kwi eklipsi yelanga inyanga idlula kwisithunzi sehlabathi kwaye ijikeleza ibe mnyama okanye ebomvu njenge coppery.
Okuninzi kwincwadi eneenkcukacha →Enye yeencopho ezimbini okanye indawo ekuyo i Moon' s ejikelezayo indlela i crosses iplanethi ye Earth 's indlela jikelezo i Sun. Eclipses kuphela iza kwenzeka xa entsha okanye i Moon liwela phezulu kwi node.
Okuninzi kwincwadi eneenkcukacha →Itheyibhile yedata (umbhalo otshintshiyo)
| Umhla | Inkqubo | Ikhanya |
|---|---|---|
| Okt 9 | Inyanga Entsha | 0.995 % |
| Okt 10 | Inyanga Entsha | 0.00378 % |
| Okt 11 | Inyanga Entsha | 1.21 % |
| Okt 12 | I-crescent ejikelezayo | 4.43 % |
| Okt 13 | I-crescent ejikelezayo | 9.41 % |
| Okt 14 | I-crescent ejikelezayo | 15.9 % |
| Okt 15 | I-crescent ejikelezayo | 23.5 % |
| Okt 16 | Ikota yokuqala | 31.9 % |
| Okt 17 | Ikota yokuqala | 41 % |
| Okt 18 | Ikota yokuqala | 50.4 % |
| Okt 19 | Ikota yokuqala | 60 % |
| Okt 20 | I-Waxing gibbous | 69.3 % |
| Okt 21 | I-Waxing gibbous | 78.1 % |
| Okt 22 | I-Waxing gibbous | 86 % |
| Okt 23 | I-Waxing gibbous | 92.5 % |
| Okt 24 | Inyanga epheleleyo | 97.2 % |
| Okt 25 | Inyanga epheleleyo | 99.7 % |
| Okt 26 | Inyanga epheleleyo | 99.6 % |
| Okt 27 | Inyanga epheleleyo | 96.8 % |
| Okt 28 | I-Waning gibbous | 91.3 % |
| Okt 29 | I-Waning gibbous | 83.5 % |
| Okt 30 | I-Waning gibbous | 73.9 % |
| Okt 31 | Ikota yokugqibela | 63.1 % |
| Nov 1 | Ikota yokugqibela | 51.8 % |
| Nov 2 | Ikota yokugqibela | 40.6 % |
| Nov 3 | I-crescent ehambayo | 30 % |
| Nov 4 | I-crescent ehambayo | 20.7 % |
| Nov 5 | I-crescent ehambayo | 12.8 % |
| Nov 6 | I-crescent ehambayo | 6.69 % |
| Nov 7 | Inyanga Entsha | 2.51 % |
Inyanga ayitshintshi umbo. Inani elilinganayo lihlala likhanya ngelanga; into etshintshayo kukuba inani elikhulu lenani elikhanyayo lijonge kuwe. Xa ubona ukuba kutheni, i-eclipses iyayeka ukuba yimilingo kwaye iqale ibe yinto elindelekeyo.
Ingxenye yenyanga ihlala kwilanga. Iinkqubo ziyindawo yethu yokujonga.
Bona
Inyanga ayiyenzanga ilanga layo. Ikhanya ngenxa yokuba ilanga liwela kuyo. Nakweyiphi na imeko, enye inxenye yenyanga ikhanya lilanga kwaye enye inxenye imnyama, njengokuba umhlaba unemini nobusuku.
Xa iNyanga ihamba jikeleze umhlaba, sibona inani elihlukileyo lengxenye yayo ekhanyayo:
- Inyanga Entsha: iNyanga iphakathi kwehlabathi nelanga. Icala elikhanyayo lijonge kude nathi, ngoko ke asikwazi ukulibona.
- Isiqendu sokuqala: sibona inxalenye yediski ekhanyayo.
- Inyanga epheleleyo: Ihlabathi liphakathi kwelanga nenyanga. Sibona isiqithi esigcweleyo esikhanyayo.
- Ikota yokugqibela: iphindwe kabini ikhanya kwakhona, enye icala.
Kwisixhobo, umfanekiso osekhohlo ujonge ezantsi kwihlabathi nenyanga ukusuka phezulu kakhulu, ngelanga lingaphandle ekhohlo. Umfanekiso wesandla sasekunene ubonisa into okubonayo ukusuka ehlabathini. Shenxisa isikhombisi uze ujonge zombini zitshintshe ngaxeshanye.
Iiplanethi
- I-eclipse yelanga isenza xa isithunzi senyanga siwela kwihlabathi ngenyanga entsha.
- A-M_BAR_IsiJamani i-eklipse yelanga isenza xa isithunzi sehlabathi siwela kwinyanga ngexesha lenyanga egcweleyo.
Ukuqonda
Inyanga ihamba kabini ejikeleze umhlaba, ilinganiselwe ngokuchasene nee-stars, kwi 27.3 imihla (inyanga yelanga). Kodwa iimeko ziphindaphindwa zonke ii 29.5 imihla (inyanga ye-synodic). Kutheni kukho utshintsho? Xa iNyanga ihamba jikeleza ihlabathi, ihlabathi lihamba malunga ne-1/12 yendlela ejikeleze ilanga. Inyanga ifuna malunga neemini ezimbini ezingaphezulu ukulinganisa nolu hlobo olutsha lwelanga.
Ukwahlula kwe diski ebonakala ikhanya kuxhomekeke kwi-engile phakathi kwelanga nenyanga njengoko ibonakala ukusuka emhlabeni, ebizwa ngokuba yi ukuphakama:
| Ubukhulu | Inkqubo | I-Lit fraction |
|---|---|---|
| 0° | Inyanga Entsha | 0% |
| 90° | Ikota yokuqala | 50% |
| 180° | Inyanga epheleleyo | 100% |
| 270° | Ikota yokugqibela | 50% |
Ukuba iNyanga yajikeleza ngokuchanekileyo kwiplanethi efanayo nehlabathi lijikeleza ilanga, siyakufumana ukuphuma kwelanga nganye iNyanga entsha kunye nokuphuma kwelanga nganye iNyanga epheleleyo. But the Moon’s orbit is tilted by about 5.1 degrees. Inyanga ihlala idlula ngaphantsi okanye ngaphezulu komgca welanga-mhlaba, kwaye akukho nto ibangela ukuba kubekho.
Iincopho ezimbini apho umjikelo wenyanga udlula kwiplanethi yehlabathi ibizwa ngokuba zi nodes. Ii-eclipses zingakwenzeka kuphela xa iinyanga ezintsha okanye ezipheleleyo ziwela phantsi kwe node. Oku kwenzeka kwiinyanga ezimbini zesibhakabhaka sonyaka ngamnye, malunga neenyanga ezintandathu zihamba phantsi.
Umphathi
Ukwahlula okuqaqambileyo k kulandelela kwi-engile yenkqubo i (i-engile yoMhlaba-yeNyanga-yoMhla):
k = (1 + cos i) / 2
Kuba ilanga limalunga nexesha eli-390 lide kunenyanga, i ≈ 180° - ubukhulu. Isixhobo sibala i ngeMeeus’s series (Astronomical Algorithms, eq. 48.4), elungisa umgama ophakathi wokuba ude kwizinto eziphambili zexesha elijikelezayo lenyanga kunye nelanga. Ibeka iinyanga ezintsha nezogcweleyo ngaphakathi kweyure enye yexesha elichanekileyo, ngaphezu kokufundeka.
Inyanga ye-synodic ilandela ukusuka kwisantya se-angle ezimbini: 1/P_syn = 1/P_sid − 1/P_year = 1/27.3217 − 1/365.256, enika iiyure ezingama-29.531.
Nokuba ngaba i-eclipse iyakwenzeka na kuxhomekeka kwi-isizathu selatitude yenyanga F, i-engile yayo ukusuka kwinode enyukayo. UMeeus unika umthetho okhawulezayo wokuqwalasela: kwinyanga entsha okanye epheleleyo, ukuba |sin F| > 0.36 (F ngaphezulu kwe-21° ukusuka kwinode), akukho kungqubana komhlaba. Isixhobo sisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo esi vavanyo. Le yimeko efunekayo, hayi ukulinganisa uhlobo lwesithunzi okanye apho ibonakala khona: oko kudinga umgama wenyanga, isithunzi sehlabathi kunye neendawo ezichanekileyo kakhulu.
Ii-nodes azimiselwanga. They drift backwards around the ecliptic once every 18.6 years, which is why eclipse seasons arrive about 19 days earlier each year, and part of why eclipses repeat in the famous 18-year saros cycle.
Zama
Rhweba ngaphandle amanqaku encwadi ye Mozilla
Iingxaki zikhona apho ukufunda kuqhekeka khona.
Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo
3 imibuzo ekhawulezayo. Khetha impendulo ukuze ubone ukuba ulungile na.
-
Yintoni ebangela iimeko zenyanga?
- A Isithunzi sehlabathi siwela kwinyanga
- B Ingaba ininzi kangakanani na inxenye yenyanga ekhanyayo elanga esiyibonayo ukusuka emhlabeni
- C Amafu enyanga
- D Inyanga
Bonisa impendulo
B. Ingaba ininzi kangakanani na inxenye yenyanga ekhanyayo elanga esiyibonayo ukusuka emhlabeni Isithunzi sehlabathi sifika kuphela kwinyanga ngexesha lokukhanya kwelanga. Amaxesha amalunga nekona yokujonga.
-
Kutheni ayikho i-eclipse yelanga kwinyanga nganye entsha?
- A Inyanga incinane kakhulu
- B The Moon's orbit is tilted about 5 degrees, so it usually passes above or below the Sun
- C Ilanga lihamba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu
- D Ii-eclipses zelanga zihlala kuphela ebusika
Bonisa impendulo
B. The Moon's orbit is tilted about 5 degrees, so it usually passes above or below the Sun
-
Kude kangakanani ukusuka kwinyanga epheleleyo enye ukuya kweyesibini?
- A 27.3 imihla
- B 29.5 imihla
- C 30 imihla
- D 365 imihla
Bonisa impendulo
B. 29.5 imihla Iintsuku ezi-27.3 ziiyure enye zokuhamba ngokujikeleza iinkwenkwezi; izihlandlo ziphinda emva kweentsuku ezi-29.5 kuba umhlaba utshintshe indawo ejikeleze ilanga ngexesha elifanayo.
Iilayini Ezigqibekileyo
- Idlala nge-interactive
- Funda isifundo
- Ukwenza isigqibo
- Uthathe isifundo
Phawula isifundo sencwadi eneenkcukacha egqityiweyo ukusigcina kwindlela yakho yokuqhubekeka kule sixhobo.
Isifundo sigqityiwe. Yenziwe kakuhle!
Phezulu Okulandelayo Ilanga lemini kunye nothuli olukhanyayoAmagama kule ncwadi eneenkcukacha
IiNkqubo
- J. Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms, 2nd ed., Willmann-Bell (1998), ISBN 0-943396-61-1, chapters 47, 48 and 54
- NASA NSSDCA Moon Fact Sheet
- NASA Eclipse Web Site (F. Espenak)
- U.S. Naval Observatory: Phases of the Moon
Eli nqaku lilayisensiwe CC BY-SA 4.0.