Le ncwadi yabhalwa ngu Local Solar System Iqela le-Fundamente lilungu kwaye lingaphuculwa ngumvavanyi oqeqeshiweyo. Ingaba uqeqeshiwe kulo mxholo?
Umkhangeli zincwadi wexesha
Vula iphepha elipheleleyoYintoni le? Kutheni amaxesha obusika ashushu neentsuku zasehlotyeni zibanda? Umjikelo womjikelo wehlabathi ujikeleze, ngoko ke ngexesha lonyaka indawo nganye ibona ilanga liphezulu okanye liphantsi kwisibhakabhaka, kwaye ngeyure ezininzi okanye ezincinane. Eli sixhobo sibonisa ukuba nakweyiphi na indawo nangaliphi na ixesha.
Indlela yokusetyenziswa kwayo: Khetha isixeko sakho phantsi kwe "Indawo yakho" (okanye rhuqa ubude), emva koko rhuqa umhla okanye nqakraza iqhosha le-solstice. Rhuqa i-3D Earth ukujika.
Indawo yakho: London
Bona indlela ilanga eliziphatha ngayo apho uhlala khona, kumhla okhethiweyo ngasentla.
Umkhangeli zincwadi wakho uzakubuza kuqala. Indawo yakho isetyenziswa kuphela kule phepha, ukwenza izibalo. Ayiyi kugcinwa okanye kuthunyelwa naphi na.
- Ukuphuma kwelanga
- Ukuphuma kwelanga
- Ukukhanya kwelanga
- Ilanga liphezulu kakhulu
- I-engile ephezulu yelanga
City list: GeoNames (geonames.org), CC BY 4.0. Sunrise, sunset and the Sun's position: formulas of the NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory solar calculator, from J. Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms. Sunrise and sunset are when the top edge of the Sun touches a flat horizon, allowing for the way air bends light, so they give slightly longer days than the geometric figure above. Time zones come from your own browser.
Ubude bemini apha buyi geometri (indawo esembindini welanga kwindlela ethe tyaba). Umoya ugoba ilanga, ngoko ke iintsuku ezinyanzelekileyo ziyintsuku ezimbalwa ezide.
Zama oku
- Khetha umzi wakho, emva koko nqakraza "i-June solstice" ne "i-December solstice".Isaziso: Imihla yakho ende ide kangakanani na xa kuthelekiswa nemini efutshane? Xa uhlala kude kakhulu kwi-equator, uninzi lwesithuba lukhulu.
- Khetha i-Quito, kwi-equator, kwaye ucinezele Dlala.Isaziso: Usuku luhlala likhulu kuneyure ezi-12 ngonyaka wonke kwaye ilanga liphezulu ngexesha lemini. Kufutshane ne-equator amaxesha emvula afana nomlilo, hayi ukukhanya kwelanga.
- Khetha iReykjavik kwaye ucinezele "i-June solstice".Isaziso: The Sun sets just after midnight and rises again before 3 a.m., and it never gets fully dark. North of the Arctic Circle (66.6° N) it does not set at all.
- Rhuqa umthambeko we axial ukuya kwi 0°, emva koko ufike kwi 90°.Isaziso: Ngaphandle kokungathathi hlangothi, yonke imini imalunga neeyure ezili-12 kude naphi na kwaye imijikelo iyaphela. Ngento ethe nkqo, njenge Uranus, ethe yathambekela ngasecaleni kwayo, imijikelo ivela ngokugqithisileyo.
Iphi na indawo ebekwe ngasentla okanye ezantsi kwe-equator, ukusuka kwi-0° kwi-equator ukuya kwi-90° kumntla okanye kumzantsi wePole. ILondon ikwi-51.5° N; iSydney ikwi-33.9° S.
How far Earth's spin axis leans compared with its path round the Sun: about 23.4°. The tilt, not our distance from the Sun, is what causes the seasons.
Okuninzi kwincwadi eneenkcukacha →The latitude where the Sun is straight overhead at noon on a given day. It swings from 23.4° N in June to 23.4° S in December and back.
Okuninzi kwincwadi eneenkcukacha →Imini ezimbini ngonyaka, malunga ne 21 kaJuni no 21 kaDisemba, xa ilanga lifika kumntla okanye kumzantsi ohamba phambili. Zizisa iintsuku ezide kunye nezifutshane.
Okuninzi kwincwadi eneenkcukacha →Iintsuku ezimbini ngonyaka, malunga ne-20 kaMarthi kunye ne-22 kaSepthemba, xa ilanga liphezulu kwi-equator kwaye ekuseni nobusuku zilingana naphi na.
Okuninzi kwincwadi eneenkcukacha →Ixesha elifutshane lelanga liphezulu kakhulu emthunzini kumhla onikiweyo. Kwikhusi ayikho 12: 00, ngenxa yendawo zexesha nexesha lonyaka.
Kufutshane neendawo eziphakamileyo ilanga lingahlala phezulu iiyure ezingama-24 zonke ebusika (ilanga eliphakathi kobusuku) kwaye lihlale phantsi kweendawo eziphakamileyo yonke imihla ebusika (ubusuku obuphezulu).
Itheyibhile yedata (umbhalo otshintshiyo)
| Latitude | Equinox | Ilanga eliNtsha | Inyanga epheleleyo |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0° N | 12 h | 12 h | 12 h |
| 23.44° N | 12 h | 13.4 h | 10.6 h |
| 40° N | 12 h | 14.8 h | 9.16 h |
| 51.5° N | 12 h | 16.4 h | 7.6 h |
| 60° N | 12 h | 18.5 h | 5.51 h |
| 66.56° N | 12 h | 24 h | 0 h |
| 80° N | 12 h | 24 h | 0 h |
Ihlabathi lifutshane kakhulu nelanga ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, ngokuchanekileyo phakathi kwexesha lobusika lwasempuma. Ngoko umgama awunakuba yinto eyenza ubusika bushushu. Isizathu esinyanzelekileyo kukugoba kwee-degrees ezili-23, kwaye kutshintsha konke.
Iinyanga zivela kwicala, hayi kumgama.
Bona
Khangela kuqala: yeyiphi inyanga apho umhlaba ufutshane kakhulu nelanga?
Ngomhla wokuqala kaJanuwari, phakathi kwehlobo lasempuma. Ngoko umgama awunakuba yinto eyenza ubusika.
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ubusika buqala xa umhlaba ufutshane nelanga. Ayikho into eyiyo. Ihlabathi lifutshane kakhulu nelanga kuqala ka Januwari, eyiyo ibusika eYuropu, eMntla Melika kunye neninzi yeAsia.
Isizathu esinyanzelekileyo kukuba ihlabathi lithe tye. I-axis yayo yokujikeleza ihamba ngamaqondo angama-23.4. I-axis igcina ibonisa indlela efanayo kwisithuba (esuka kwiNkwenkwezi yaseMntla) ngonyaka wonke. Isandi:
- Kwi Juni, intliziyo yasempuma yehlabathi ijonge kwilanga. Iintsuku zide, ilanga linyuka phezulu, kwaye kumntla kukho ubusika. Umzantsi unebusika.
- Ngo Disemba, kuthe ngxi.
- Kwi March ne September, akukho ndawo ijikeleza kwilanga. Ubusuku nobusuku bulingana kuyo yonke indawo. Ezi zi ixesha elifanayo.
Zama iSeason Explorer engaphezulu. Shenxisa umhla ne latitude kwaye ujonge izinto ezimbini ezitshintshayo: ukuba ilanga liphezulu kangakanani na emini, kunye nokuba zininzi kangakanani iiyure zokukhanya kwemini.
Ukuqonda
Iingozi ezimbini zenza ubusika bushushu:
- Ubude belanga. Xa ilanga liphezulu, ukukhanya kwayo kubetha phantsi ngokuthe ngqo kwaye yonke imilinganiselo yesikwere ifumana amandla angaphezulu. Xa iphantsi, umbhobho ofanayo usasazwa ngaphezulu kwendawo enkulu.
- Ubude bemini. Iiyure ezininzi zelanga zithetha ixesha elininzi lokufudumeza kwaye ngaphantsi kwemini yokupholile.
Indawo yelanga emntla okanye emzantsi we-equator ibizwa ngokuba yi declination yayo. Ijikeleza phakathi kwe +23.44° (ilanga eliphakathi kukaJuni) ne -23.44° (ilanga eliphakathi kukaDisemba) kwaye idlula kwi-0° kwii-equinoxes.
Ngexesha lemini, ubude belanga phezulu komgca ojikelezayo yi:
ubude bemini = 90° − |ububanzi − ukutshintsha|
ILondon (51.5° N) ngoJuni: 90 − |51.5 − 23.44| = 61.9° NgoDisemba: 90 − |51.5 + 23.44| = 15.1°. Le yindawo ebalulekileyo yotshintsho kwindlela ilanga elinamandla lifudumeza ngayo umhlaba.
Kufutshane neendawo eziphakamileyo kukho into enomdla isenza. ENtshona kweMjikelezo yeArctic (66.56° N) kukho imini enye kuphela ngonyaka apho uLwandle lweMpuma alukho luza, kwaye elinye xa alikho liphuma.
Umphathi
Ubude belanga livela kwi-engile yeyure H₀ yokuzamamela kwelanga, apho umbindi welanga udibana khona nomda othe tyaba:
cos H₀ = −tan φ · tan δ, ukukhanya kwemini = 2H₀ / 15 iiyure
nge latitude φ ne declination δ, H₀ ngamaqondo. Ukuba i-tan φ · tan δ ≤ -1 ilanga alizukungena; ukuba liyi-1 ayizukuphuma. Kwindawo ethe tye (φ = 0) ifomula inika iiyure ezili-12 ngosuku ngalunye lonyaka.
Le yimini ye geometric. Ukukhanya kwemini okunyanzelekileyo kude ngemizuzu emininzi ngenxa yokuba i-atmosphere ijikeleza ukukhanya ngaphezulu komgca ohamba ngaphaya (ukungqubana, malunga ne-0.57°) kwaye ngenxa yokuba ukuvuka kwelanga kuchazwa ngumda ophezulu welanga, hayi kwisixeko sayo (malunga ne-0.27°). Iitheyibhile zokuphuma kwelanga zisebenzisa i-0.833° endaweni ye-0°.
Ukungaboni kakuhle kwayo ivela kwilanga le-ecliptic longitude λ kunye neplanethi ye-ε: sin δ = sin ε · sin λ. Isixhobo sisebenzisa i-U.S. Ifomula ethe nkqo yeNqanawa yokujonga ilanga ye-λ, echanekileyo malunga ne0.01° kule minyaka mininzi.
Umsebenzi womgama uyinyaniso kodwa mkhulu. Phakathi kwexesha lokujikeleza ilanga (147.1 yezigidi zeekhilomitha) nexesha lokujika ilanga (152.1 yezigidi zeekhilomitha) ukukhanya kwelanga okufikela emhlabeni kutshintsha nge (152.1/147.1)² ≈ 1.069, malunga ne-7%. Ukujika kuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kwemini ngemitha yesikwere eLondon ngomsebenzi we sin 61.9° / sin 15.1° ≈ 3.4, kunye nobude bemini ngomsebenzi ongaphezulu kwamabini.
Zama
Cwangcisa ububanzi belayini apho uhlala khona. Fumana umhla wemini yakho ende. Emva koko rhuqa isixhobo sokutsala esithe nkqo ukuya kumaqondo angama- 0: kwenzeka ntoni kwiinyanga? Zama amaqondo angama- 90, njenge Uranus.
Iingxaki zikhona apho ukufunda kuqhekeka khona.
Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo
3 imibuzo ekhawulezayo. Khetha impendulo ukuze ubone ukuba ulungile na.
-
Yintoni ebangela iinyanga zehlabathi?
- A Ihlabathi lifutshane nelanga ngexesha lonyaka
- B Ubeko lwephepha
- C Inyanga
- D Utshintsho kukukhanya kwelanga
Bonisa impendulo
B. Ubeko lwephepha Ihlabathi likhona lifutshane kakhulu nelanga ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, ngexesha lonyaka obandayo wasempuma.
-
Kwinyanga emnyama kaJuni, yeyiphi indawo enamaxesha angama-24 okukhanya kwelanga?
- A I-Equator
- B LondonCity in Ontario Canada
- C I-North Pole
- D I-South Pole
Bonisa impendulo
C. I-North Pole
-
Kwixesha le-equinox, imihla ihlala ixesha elingakanani naphi na emhlabeni (ukungahoyi iziphumo zomoya)?
- A 12 iiyure
- B iiyure ezingama-24
- C Ixhomekeke kwi-longitude
- D 0 iiyure
Bonisa impendulo
A. 12 iiyure
Iilayini Ezigqibekileyo
- Idlala nge-interactive
- Funda isifundo
- Ukwenza isigqibo
- Uthathe isifundo
Phawula isifundo sencwadi eneenkcukacha egqityiweyo ukusigcina kwindlela yakho yokuqhubekeka kule sixhobo.
Isifundo sigqityiwe. Yenziwe kakuhle!
Phezulu Okulandelayo Iinkqubo zenyanga neengqekembeAmagama kule ncwadi eneenkcukacha
IiNkqubo
- U.S. Naval Observatory: Approximate Solar Coordinates
- NASA NSSDCA Planetary Fact Sheet (obliquity, perihelion, aphelion)
- JPL SSD: astrodynamic parameters (obliquity of the ecliptic at J2000)
- NASA Space Place: What causes the seasons?
Eli nqaku lilayisensiwe CC BY-SA 4.0.