Le ndatshana yabhalwa nguLocal Solar System ilungu leqembu le Foundation futhi ingathuthukiswa ngumbuyekezi oqeqeshiwe. Ingabe uqeqeshiwe kulolu daba? Sicela uhlela
Isikhashana se-Explorer
Vula ikhasi eligcweleYini lokhu? Kungani amaholide abanda futhi izimpi zibanda? Isivinini sokugeleza kweplanethi sihamba, ngakho-ke ngonyaka indawo ngayinye ibona uLwandle oLukhuni phezulu noma ngezansi emkhathini, kanye ngehora elingaphezulu noma elincinane. Lezi zingxenye zibonisa ukuthi kunoma yiliphi indawo nanoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Indlela yokusetshenziswa kwayo: Khetha idolobha lakho ngaphansi kwe "Indawo yakho" (noma cindezela i-latitude), bese ucindezela usuku noma inkinobho ye-solstice. Dlulisa i-3D Earth ukuze uyijikelezise.
Indawo yakho: London
Bona ukuthi ilanga lisebenza kanjani lapho uhlala khona, ngosuku okhethe phezulu.
Isiphequluli sakho sizobuza wena kuqala. Indawo yakho isetshenziswa kuphela kulekhasi, ukwenza izibalo. Ayikho egcinwe noma ithunyelwe nakweyiphi indawo.
- Ukuphuma kwelanga
- Ukuphuma kwelanga
- Ukukhanya kwelanga
- Ilanga liphezulu kakhulu ku
- I-engile ephezulu kakhulu yelanga
Uhlu lwezifunda: GeoNames (geonames.org), CC BY 4.0. Ukuvuka kwelanga, ukuvala kwelanga kanye nendawo yelanga: amafomula we NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory solar calculator, kusuka ku J. Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms. Ukuvuka kwelanga nokuvala kwelanga kwenzeka lapho ingxenye ephezulu yelanga ithinta umgwaqo ovulekile, evumela indlela umoya ojikeleza ngayo ukukhanya, ngakho zinikeza usuku olude kakhulu kunesithombe se-geometric ngaphesheya. Amabanga osikhathi avela kwisiphequluli sakho.
Ubude bemini lapha buyi-geometric (iphakathi kwelanga ehlathini elivulekile). Umoya ugoba ukukhanya kwelanga, ngakho imini yangempela iyinhlamvu encane ende.
Zama lokhu
- Khetha isixeko sakho, bese ucindezela "i-June solstice" ne "December solstice".Isixhumanisi: Ingabe usuku lwakho olude lude kangakanani uma kuqhathaniswa nolunye oluncane? Uma uhlala eduze kwe-equator, ibanga lizoba elikhulu.
- Khetha i-Quito, enyakatho-ntshonalanga, bese ucindezela Dlala.Isixhumanisi: Imini ihlala eduze kwehora le-12 lonke unyaka wonke futhi ilanga lihlala liphezulu emini. Enyakatho yezwekazi, amasimu afana nemvula, hhayi ukukhanya kwelanga.
- Khetha iReykjavik bese ucindezela "i-June solstice".Isixhumanisi: Ilanga lihlala ngemuva kwemini futhi likhuphuka kabusha ngaphambi 3 a.m., futhi alikwazi ukumnyama ngokuphelele. Umfula we-Arctic Circle (66.6° N) awusetshenzisiwe ngokuphelele.
- Rola i-axis tilt ku-0°, bese u-90°.Isixhumanisi: Uma kungakhombi, usuku lonke luyihora eli-12 lide kuwo wonke amadolobha futhi amasimu aphela. Uma kunomsindo omkhulu, njenge-Uranus, ehlobene nengxenye yayo, amasimu aqala ukuba namandla kakhulu.
Ingabe indawo iphakathi kwe-equator noma enyakatho, kusuka ku-0° e-equator kuya ku-90° eNorth noma South Pole. ILondon iyilapho 51.5° N; Sydney iyilapho 33.9° S.
Ingabe ibanga elidlulayo le-axis yokujikeleza kweplanethi lilinganiswe nendlela yayo ejikelezayo ilanga: cishe 23.4°. I-tilt, hhayi ubude bethu belanga, yilokho okubangela amasimu.
Okuningi ku-glossary →I-latitude lapho ilanga lihamba khona ngokuqondile phezu kwekhanda emini ngosuku oluthile. Lisuka ku-23.4° N ngoJuni kuya ku-23.4° S ngoDisemba futhi emuva.
Okuningi ku-glossary →Izinsuku ezimbili ngonyaka, cishe ngoJuni 21 noDisemba 21, lapho ilanga lifinyelela khona enyakatho noma emlandweni. Ziletha amasonto ade kakhulu nemizuzu emincane.
Okuningi ku-glossary →Izinsuku ezimbili ngonyaka, cishe ngo-20 kuMashi no-22 kuSepthemba, lapho ilanga liphezulu eqhwani futhi usuku nemini zilingana khona kuwo wonke indawo.
Okuningi ku-glossary →Isikhathi lapho ilanga liphezulu kakhulu emkhathini ngosuku oluthile. Kwikhalenda akufanele kube 12:00, ngenxa yezindawo zesikhathi kanye nesikhathi sonyaka.
Kusenyakatho ilanga lingahlala liphezulu amahora angama-24 wonke ehlobo (ilanga eliphakathi kwemini) futhi lihlale ngezansi komgwaqo ohamba phambili yonke izinsuku ebusika (ilanga lesifunda).
Ithebula ledatha (ukhetho lombhalo)
| Latitude | I-Equinox | I-June solstice | Inyanga enyakazayo kaDisemba |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0° N | 12 h | 12 h | 12 h |
| 23.44° N | 12 h | 13.4 h | 10.6 h |
| 40° N | 12 h | 14.8 h | 9.16 h |
| 51.5° N | 12 h | 16.4 h | 7.6 h |
| 60° N | 12 h | 18.5 h | 5.51 h |
| 66.56° N | 12 h | 24 h | 0 h |
| 80° N | 12 h | 24 h | 0 h |
Izwe lisenyakatho kakhulu kwelanga ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, eduze kokuphela kwehlobo lasenyakatho. Ngakho ubude abukwazi ukuba yisona esibangela isizini yobusika ukuthi bubanda. Isizathu esisemthethweni yi-tilt engaphezu kwama-degree angama-23, futhi ishintsha konke.
Izimo zezulu zivela ekuphathweni, hhayi emgwaqweni.
Bona
Thola kuqala: kunyanga eliphi iplanethi ephakathi kakhulu nelanga?
Ekuqalani kukaJanuwari, ephakathi kwehlobo lasenyakatho. Ngakho ubude abukwazi ukuba yilokho okubangela isizini yobusika.
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi isizini yokushisa iqala lapho umhlaba ufika eduze kwelanga. Ayikho. Iplanethi iphakathi kwelanga I-Januwari, okuyisikhathi sobusika e-Europe, North America kanye nengxenye enkulu ye-Asia.
Isizathu esisemthethweni ukuthi i-Earth iyiseduze. I-spin axis yayo ihamba ngamaqondo angama-23.4. I-axis igcina ikhombisa indlela efanayo endaweni (ebheke eNkanyezini yaseNyakatho) ngonyaka wonke. Umsindo:
- _Isizinda: IJuni, inhlamvu yasenyakatho yezwe ibheke elanga. Izinsuku zide, ilanga likhuphuka phezulu, futhi enyakatho kukhona isizini yobusika. Enyakatho kukhona ihlobo.
- NgoDecember, kuyinto ehlukile.
- Ngo March no September, akukho ngxenye ebhekene nelanga. Usuku nobusuku bulingana khona kuwo wonke amagumbi. Lawa yi equinoxes.
Zama iSeason Explorer engezansi. Hambisa usuku nobubanzi bese ubheka izinto ezimbili ezishintshayo: ukuthi ilanga liphezulu kangakanani emini, nokuthi amahora amaningi yini okukhanya kwelanga.
Ukuqonda
Izinhlekelele ezimbili zenza isizini yobusika ipholile:
- Iphakama kwelanga. Uma ilanga liphezulu, ukukhanya kwayo kushaya phansi ngokuqondile futhi ummitha ngamunye ohlukanisiwe uthola amandla amaningi. Uma iphansi, i-beam efanayo ihlukaniswa indawo enkulu.
- Isikhathi sosuku. Amahora amaningi okukhanya kwelanga kusho isikhathi esiningi sokufudumeza futhi kunciphisa ubusuku bokupholile.
Indawo yelanga enyakatho noma emlandweni we-equator ibizwa ngokuthi yi declination. Ishintsha phakathi kuka +23.44° (isonto leJulayi) no -23.44° (isonto leDesemba) futhi idlula ku-0° ezikhathini zokuqhathaniswa kwelanga nelanga.
Ngobusuku, ubude belanga phezulu kwe-horizon buyi:
ubude bemini = 90° − |latitude − declination|
ILondon (51.5° N) ngoJuni: 90 − |51.5 − 23.44| = 61.9°. NgoDisemba: 90 − |51.5 + 23.44| = 15.1°. Kuyinto ehlukile kakhulu ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga kucindezela kanjani umhlaba.
Kusenyakatho kuvela okuthile okunye. Enyakatho ye-Arctic Circle (66.56° N) kukhona okungenani usuku olulodwa ngonyaka lapho ilanga lingeke liphume, futhi elinye lapho alikwazi ukuvuka.
Umphathi
Ubude bemini buvela kuhora le-angle H₀ lokushona kwelanga, lapho iphakathi kwelanga lihlangana khona ne-horizon ehlanzekile:
cos H₀ = −tan φ · tan δ, ukukhanya kwelanga = 2H₀ / amahora angama-15
nge latitude φ ne declination δ, H₀ ngamaqondo. Uma i-−tan φ · tan δ ≤ −1 uLwandle Mhuizini alukho; uma liyi-≥ 1 alukho. Ku-equator (φ = 0) ifomu linikeza amahora angama-12 ngosuku ngalunye lonyaka.
Le yimini ye-geometric. Ukukhanya kwelanga okungokoqobo kude ngemizuzu eminingana ngoba i-atmosphere ibamba ukukhanya phezu komhlaba (ukungqubuzana, cishe u-0.57°) futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukuvuka kwelanga kukhunjulwa yingxenye ephezulu yelanga, hhayi indawo yayo (malunga no-0.27°). Ithebula elisemthethweni lokuvuka kwelanga lisebenzisa i-−0.833° endaweni ye-0°.
Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuvela elanga elikhanyayo λ neplanethi ye-ε: sin δ = sin ε · sin λ. Ithuluzi lisebenzisa i-U.S. Ifomula elinganiselwa yi-Naval Observatory ye-λ, ilungile cishe ku-0.01° kulekhulu elidlule.
Umphumela wokuphakama ukhona kodwa awuncane. Phakathi kwe-perihelion (147.1 million km) ne-aphelion (152.1 million km) ukukhanya kwelanga okufinyelela emhlabeni kushintsha ngo (152.1/147.1)² ≈ 1.069, cishe i-7%. I-tilt ishintsha ukukhanya kwelanga okuphakathi nendawo ngomfutho wemitha eLondon ngomphumela we-sin 61.9° / sin 15.1° ≈ 3.4, kanye nobukhulu bezinsuku ngomphumela ongaphezu kukambili.
Zama
Misela i-latitude endaweni ohlala kuyo. Thola usuku lwemini yakho ende kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho cindezela isici sokwehla kwesivinini se-axis sifinyelele kumadigri angama-0: yini ekwenzeke emazingeni onyaka? Zama amadigri angama-90 futhi, njenge-Uranus.
Iningi. Izinhlekelele zikhona lapho ukufunda kuqhubeka khona.
Umbuzo osheshayo
3 imibuzo esheshayo. Khetha impendulo ukuze ubone uma ulungile.
-
Yini ebangela izimo zezulu?
- A Izwe lisenyakatho kakhulu kwelanga ebusika
- B I-tilt ye-axis yokujikeleza kweplanethi
- C Inyanga
- D Ushintsho ekukhanyani kwelanga
Bonisa impendulo
B. I-tilt ye-axis yokujikeleza kweplanethi Izwe lisenyakatho, libheke enyakatho-ntshonalanga.
-
Ngesonto le-June solstice, indawo enjani ithola amahora angama-24 okukhanya kwelanga?
- A I-equator
- B i-London
- C I-North Pole
- D I-South Pole
Bonisa impendulo
C. I-North Pole
-
Kuze kube yilapho ilanga lihamba ngasikhathi sinye, isikhathi esingakanani usuku lonke emhlabeni (kungakhathaliseki imiphumela yomoya)?
- A amahora angama-12
- B Amahora angama-24
- C Kuxhomekeka ku-longitude
- D Amahora angu-0
Bonisa impendulo
A. amahora angama-12
Ingxenye yelayini
- Idlala nge-interactive
- Funda isifundo
- Ukwenze kanjani isiphakamiso
- Uthathe isifundo
Phawula isifundo siqediwe ukuze uyigcine ekwenzeni kwakho kulolu hlelo.
Isifundo siqediwe. Kulungile!
Phezulu okulandelayo Izinsuku zenyanga kanye ne-eclipsesAmagama kule ncwadi
Amasu
- U.S. Naval Observatory: Approximate Solar Coordinates
- NASA NSSDCA Planetary Fact Sheet (obliquity, perihelion, aphelion)
- JPL SSD: astrodynamic parameters (obliquity of the ecliptic at J2000)
- NASA Space Place: What causes the seasons?
Le ndatshana ilayisense CC BY-SA 4.0.