Me yasa muke da lokacin shekara

Dutsen yana kusa da rana a farkon watan Janairu, daidai a tsakiyar hunturu na kudu. Sabõda haka, nĩsa bã zai zama abin da ke sanya hunturu mai zafi ba. Abin da ya sa a gaskiya shi ne wani yanki na kusan digiri 23, kuma yana canja dukkanin abu.

Saituna sun zo daga wani yanki, ba daga nisan.

Look

Ka yi zato a farkon: A wane wata ne ƙasa take kusa da rana?

A farkon watan Janairu, a tsakiyar hunturu na arewa. Sabõda haka, nĩsa bã zai iya zama abin da ke sanya hunturu ba.

Waɗansu mutãne da yawa sunã zaton zafi yana faruwa ne a lõkacin da ƙasa ke kusa da rana. Ã’a, bã haka ba! Earth ne mafi kusa da rana a farkon January, wanda shi ne hunturu a Turai, Arewacin Amurka da kuma mafi yawan Asiya.

The real reason is that Earth is tilted. Yanayin juyawa nata yana karkata da digiri 23.4. Kuma lalle ne, Allah Ya saukar da wata ãyã a cikin Littãfi, dõmin su yi taƙawa. Sauti:

• A June, yammacin rabin duniyar yana kallon rana. Ranar ce mai tsawo, rana tana tashi a sama, kuma arewa tana da hunturu. Kudancin yana da hunturu.
• A Disamba, sai dai a daidaita.
• A March da September, babu rabin da ke kwance zuwa ga rãnã. Lalle ne, Allah Yã kasance Mai gani ga abin da kuke aikatãwa. Waɗannan ne waɗanda aka yi wa ni’ima. Dakata.

Yi kokarin Mai Binciken Lokaci a sama. A cikin wannan littafin, an yi bayani game da yadda rana take tafiya a tsakiyar dare da kuma yadda rana ke tafiya a tsakiyar rana.

Understand

Aiki biyu na sa zafi:

1. Maɗaukaki na rana. Idan rana ta kasance maɗaukakiya, haskenta zai shafa ƙasa da sauƙi kuma kowanne mita ɗari yana samun ƙarfi mai yawa. Idan ya kasance matsakaici, sai a wãtsa shi a kan wani yanki mafi girma.
2. Durin yini. Sa’o’i masu yawa na hasken rana suna nufin lokaci mai yawa don zafi da kuma dare mai kauri don sanyi.

Lokacin da rana ta kasance a tsakiyar ko kuma kudu na wannan yanki ana kiransa declination. Yana da tsawo tsakanin +23.44° (Juna’i) da -23.44° (Disamba) kuma yana wucewa 0° a kan daidaito.

A lõkacin da rãnã ke tsayuwa a kan sararin sama, ita ce:

height = 90° − |latitude − declination|

Ga London (51.5° N) a watan Yuni: 90 − |51.5 − 23.44| = 61.9°. A watan Disamba: 90 − |51.5 + 23.44| = 15.1°. Wannan yana da bambanci mai girma a cikin yadda haske na rãnã ke sanya ƙasa ta zafi.

A kusa da duwãtsu wani abu ne mafi ban mamaki ke faruwa. A arewacin tsakiyar tafarkin Arctic (66.56° N) akwai akalla rana daya kowace shekara da rana ba ta taba fitowa ba, kuma babu wata rana da zata taba fita ba.

Master

The length of daylight comes from the hour angle H₀ of sunset, where the Sun’s centre meets a flat horizon:

cos H₀ = −tan φ · tan δ,   haske na rana = 2H₀ / sa’o’i 15

da latitude φ da declination δ, H₀ cikin digiri. If −tan φ · tan δ ≤ −1 the Sun never sets; idan shi ne ≥ 1 ba zai tashi ba. A kan isar (φ = 0) fomula na bayar da sa’o’i 12 a kowace rana ta shekara.

Wancan ne yinin gaskiya. Hasken rana na gaskiya yana da tsawon mintina da yawa saboda yanayin zafi ya juya haske a kan tsakiyar (refraction, kusan 0.57 °) kuma saboda fashewar rana ana bayyana ta da gefen sama na rana, ba tsakiyarta ba (kwanaki 0.27 °). Taswirar rana ta rubuce tana amfani da −0.833° a matsayin 0°.

Kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, Allah Mai hikima ne, Mai jin ƙai. The tool uses the U.S. Tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi a Naval Observatory na kusan λ, daidai ne zuwa 0.01° wannan karni.

The distance effect is real but small. A tsakanin perihelion (147.1 miliyan km) da aphelion (152.1 miliyan km) hasken rana ya kai ga ƙasa yana canzawa ta hanyar (152.1/147.1)² ≈ 1.069, kusan 7%. Tilt na canza hasken rana na tsakar dare a kowace mita ɗari a London da wani ma’aunin sin 61.9° / sin 15.1° ≈ 3.4, da kuma tsawon yini da ma’aunin fiye da biyu.