Delta-v Map
Olee mgbanwe n'ụdị ọsọ ọ ga-ewe iji kpụga n'etiti ụwa, orbit, ọnwa, Mars na asteroids.
ESO/S. Guisard (www.eso.org/~sguisard) (CC BY 4.0)
Delta-v Map
Gịnị bụ nke a? Map nke njem n'eluigwe. Laịnụ ọbụla bụ otu akụkụ nke njem, nakwa nọmba ya na-ekwu na o nwere ike ịdị ka ụgbọala ahụ gbanwee ọsọ ya iji banye n'ebe ahụ. Tinye akụkụ ndị ahụ ma ị ga-enweta ego mmanụ ụgbọala nke njem ahụ.
Etu esi eji ya: Họrọ mmalite na ebe ngwụcha: pịa bọtịnụ abụọ na máà, jiri menu site na na gaa, mọọbụ pịa otu n'ime bọtịn njem. Okporo ụzọ ga-apụta ma ọ bụ ego nke mmanụ ụgbọala ga-eweta ihe niile.
Báàtị mmanụ ọkụ maka njem a
Delta-v zuru ezu
Kpụga n'akụkụ ka ịhụ máà niile.
Valiu bụ ụzọ otu, n'ihi na ọbụla akọwapụtara ya dị ka nke dị iche. Ọrụ eziokwu na-agbakwunye mmebi na mgbanwe plane.
Jiri nke a
- Pịa "Gaa orbit" ka ịga site n'eluigwe gaa na ala Earthen orbit.Nkọwa: Nke mbụ nke nzọụkwụ na-efu 9.4 km / s. Na-aga site na orbit niile ụzọ ka eluigwe ọnwa na-efu naanị ihe dịka 5.6 km / s ọzọ.
- Pịa "Nà Mọnde", mgbe ahụ "Ná Mars", nakwa tụnyere ọnụọgụgụ.Nkọwa: Ha bụ ihe dị ka otu: banyere 15.0 na 15.1 km/s, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na Mars bụ mgbe niile karịa ugboro iri n'ebe dị anya karịa ọnwa. Mars nwere ikuku iji breeki ya na mgbe ị na-apụ; ọnwa enweghị nke ọ bụla, ya mere bit ọbụla nke ịkwụsịtụ ala na-ewefu mmanụ ọkụ.
- Nhazi njem site na mbara igwe Mars gaa n'okpuru mbara igwe Earth.Nkọwa: Ụzọ nke ikpeazụ, n'okpuru eluigwe, na-efu 0 km/s: ikuku ụwa na okpomọkụ shiil na-eme breeki, dịka ha mere maka ndị ọrụ Apollo niile. Igwe ahụ na-ebugharị Mars ka ọ na-efu ihe dị ka 4.1 km/s.
- Pịa "Gaa n'orbit geostationary" ma gbanwee ya site na ịga site n'orbit ala Earth gaa n'orbit ala lunar.Nkọwa: N'ịga elu orbit ebe TV na weather satellites nọ, ọnụ ahịa dị ka ọ dị ka ịga orbit gburugburu ọnwa: ihe dịka 3.9 km / s site na ala Earth orbit n'ihe abụọ ahụ.
Ndụmọdụ n'azụ ya
Gịnị bụ delta-v?
Chee echiche banyere njem ụzọ. Tinye oge ọbụla ị na-agba ọsọ elu ma ọ bụ oge ọbụla ị na-akwụsị: nke ahụ bụ ọnụọgụgụ delta-v gị. N'ime ebe ahụ, enweghị ụzọ ị ga-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ kwụsịtụ, ya mere mgbanwe ọ bụla nke ọsọ, elu ma ọ bụ ala, ga-abịa site na engine nke rókètị ahụ, nakwa ihe ọbụla nke ya na-ewefu mmanụ ọkụ.
Gịnị mere ịga n'okporo ụzọ ka ọ bụrụ ihe siri ike?
Ọ bụ na-aga n'okporo ụzọ abụghị banyere ịnọ elu. ọ bụ banyere ịga n'akụkụ nke ọma ka ị na-apụ n'ime ụwa n'ihi na ị na-apụ n'ime ya. N'elu ikuku nke pụtara ihe dịka 7.8 km/s (ihe dịka 28,000 km/h), otu oge gburugburu mbara ala n'ime ihe dịka minit 90. Na ụzọ ahụ ruo elu roketi na-ewepụkwa ihe dị ka 1.5 ruo 2 km/s na-alụso mgbawa na ikuku na-agbagharị (Earth's spin na-enye obere azụ), yabụ nke a bụ nzọụkwụ nke otu nwere ọnụọgụgụ 9.4 km/s.
Gịnị mere ịlaghachi na Mars ji dị ọnụ ala karịa ịlaghachi na ọnwa?
Mars nwere ikuku nke dị n'ime. Oge ịrịgo na-adọta ikuku ahụ n'ụdị ọsọ ọsọ ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ ya na-agbanwe ọsọ gaa na okpomọkụ; parachutes na obere roketi na-agbanye n'oge agwụcha na-eme ihe ndị ọzọ. Ya mere map ahụ na-ewere 0 km/s nke roketi mmanụ maka ịlaghachi na Mars, mana 1.63 km/s maka ọnwa enweghị ikuku, ebe engines ga-eme breeki niile. Iwepụ Mars bụ akụkọ ọzọ: ịgagharị azụ n'okporo ụzọ na-ewe ihe dịka 4.1 km/s.
Gịnị bụ aerobraking?
Ijikwa ikuku planet dịka breeki ọbụla. Spaceship na-abanye n'elu nke oke ikuku, kpụga ya n'ihu, ma na-echekwa mmanụ aṅụ ọ ga-ebufe. Na 2006 NASA nke Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter gbasaa orbit ya n'ụzọ a, na ọtụtụ puku n'ime ikuku Mars dị elu ruo ọnwa atọ.
Gịnị mere km/s ọbụla ji dị mkpa?
A ga-eburu mmanụ ya nakwa mmanụ ahụ a ga-adọta n'ebe ahụ. Ya mere, ọbụla km/s ọzọ chọrọ mmanụ karịa nke gara aga. Ọ bụ ya mere Saturn V nke zigara ndị astronauts gaa na Mọnde ji 3000 ton dị ka ibu, ọtụtụ n'ime ya bụ propellant.
Ónyénwē: aka ndị a kọọla na-eji ụkpụrụ abụọ-obi-fómulụ na NASA/JPL planet data (scripts/build-deltav.mjs); aka ndị dị ka nke Delta-v bụjị isiokwu na Wikipedia nakwa ihe nlereanya ya. Saturn V launch mass: NASA. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter aerobraking: NASA/JPL.
Kwụsị "delta wee". O pụtara "ụgbanwe n'okporo ụzọ": olee otú ụgbọelu ahụ ga-esi malitegharịa, gbasaa ma ọ bụ gbanwee ụzọ. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ego nke mmanụ ọkụ maka njem, a na-eme ya n'ime kilomita kwa sekọnd (km/s).
Ozugbo →Omenchọgharị nke ihe ọbụla na-akpụga n'ụdị planet mọọbụ kpakpando n'enweghị ike ịdọta ya, n'ihi na ọ na-aga n'akụkụ n'ụzọ dị ngwa.
Ozugbo →Óbītị̀ n'elu ikuku, kilomita iri ole na ole elu. Ụlọọrụ saịtị mba ụwa nọ ebe ahụ, na-aga otu ugboro gburugburu ụwa n'ime nkeji 90.
Óbìtị̀ elu, 35,786 km n'elu equator, ebe otu njem gburugburu ụwa na-ewe ogologo oge dị ka otu ntụgharị nke ụwa (n'okpuru awa 24). Saịtéelụ̀ ahụ dị ka ọ ga-akpụkọrọghị n'eluigwe, ya bụ ihe mere TV na saịtéèlụ̀ ihu igwe ji jiri ya.
Óbītị̀ a na-ébèghị n'ebe ahụ e ji banye n'ebe ọzọ, dị ka ụzọ ụgbọala. I ga-aga n'ihu ya; i ga-adịkwa ebe ahụ.
Ijikwa ikuku planet dịka breeki ọbụla. Spaceship na-abanye n'elu ala nke ihu igwe ma kpụga ya n'okpuru, na-echekwa mmanụ ọkụ. Ọnụọgụgụ bụ okpomọkụ, ya mere ọ chọrọ okpomọkụ shield mọọbụ ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ahụ dị mfe.
Ụdị nke na-echekwa ọkụ kasị ukwuu iji kpụga n'etiti orbits abụọ: pịa otu iji malite ụzọ obula nke na-adọta orbit ọfụụ, na pịa ọzọ mgbe ị ga-aga ebe ahụ.
Ozugbo →Táàbụ̀ data (nhọrọ ngwe)
| Site na | Ka | → | ← | Otú ọ dị ejiri ya rụọ ọrụ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usoro ala | Òbì ala ụwa (200 km) | 9.4 km/s | 0 km/s (nwere ike iji aerobraking) | Tíìpìì (e bipụtara): Delta-v budget (Wikipedia, with its cited references), typical values including lossesN'okporo ụzọ: ihe dịka 7.8 km/s nke ọsọ okporo ụzọ nakwa nkwụsịtụ maka mgbagha na ikuku. |
| Òbì ala ụwa (200 km) | Geostationary transfer orbit | 2.45 km/s | 2.45 km/s (nwere ike iji aerobraking) | E hiwere (ọdịnaya): Hohmann perigee burn, 200 km to 35,786 km altitude, equatorial |
| Geostationary transfer orbit | Geostationary orbit | 1.48 km/s | 1.48 km/s | E hiwere (ọdịnaya): Hohmann apogee burn, no plane changeSite n'ebe a na-ebubata ya n'ebe dị anya site n'equator, ịgbanwekwa orbit nke tilt na-agbakwunye ọtụtụ puku mita kwa sekọnd. |
| Òbì ala ụwa (200 km) | Escape Earth | 3.22 km/s | 3.22 km/s (nwere ike iji aerobraking) | E hiwere (ọdịnaya): Escape speed minus circular speed at 200 km |
| Òbì ala ụwa (200 km) | Kpụga na Mọnde | 3.13 km/s | 3.13 km/s (nwere ike iji aerobraking) | E hiwere (ọdịnaya): Raise apogee to the Moon's mean distance |
| Kpụga na Mọnde | Óbìtị̀ ala nke ọnwa (100 km) | 0.82 km/s | 0.82 km/s | E hiwere (ọdịnaya): Patched conic capture into a 100 km lunar orbit |
| Óbìtị̀ ala nke ọnwa (100 km) | Mkpụrụedemede | 1.63 km/s | 1.63 km/s | E hiwere (ọdịnaya): Circular speed at 100 km (ideal, no gravity losses; real landings need more) |
| Òbì ala ụwa (200 km) | Kpụga na Mars | 3.61 km/s | 3.61 km/s (nwere ike iji aerobraking) | E hiwere (ọdịnaya): Earth-Mars Hohmann departure from 200 km, Oberth effect included |
| Kpụga na Mars | Óbìtị̀ ala Mars (300 km) | 2.09 km/s (nwere ike iji aerobraking) | 2.09 km/s | E hiwere (ọdịnaya): Capture into a 300 km circular Mars orbit |
| Óbìtị̀ ala Mars (300 km) | Oge | 0 km/s (nwere ike iji aerobraking) | 4.1 km/s | Tíìpìì (e bipụtara): Delta-v budget (Wikipedia, with its cited references), typical values including lossesN'ịla elu, a na-eji ikuku (ihe ọkụ na parachutes) arụ ọrụ; ịgagharị n'okporo ụzọ bụ uru dị ka ọ dị. |
| Òbì ala ụwa (200 km) | N'okpuru-Earth asteroid (Bennu) | 4.11 km/s | 4.11 km/s (nwere ike iji aerobraking) | E hiwere (ọdịnaya): Heliocentric Hohmann 1 au to Bennu's semi-major axis, coplanar (ignores its 6 degree inclination and its eccentricity); departure from 200 km LEO |
| Òbì ala ụwa (200 km) | Ceres orbit | 9.48 km/s | 9.48 km/s (nwere ike iji aerobraking) | E hiwere (ọdịnaya): Heliocentric Hohmann 1 au to Ceres, coplanar (ignores its 10.6 degree inclination); departure from 200 km LEO, capture into a 200 km Ceres orbit |
Ngwaọrụ na agụụ na-eji móòdù akọwapụtara maka ịmụ naanị. Ha gaghị eji ha maka nlegharị anya, mmepe ọrụ mọọbụ nhọrọ ọbụla nke ọrụ. Saịtịapụl bụ n'efu ma ọ bụghị n'aka. Gụọ n'ihe ọmụmụ ihe ndị ahụ