Delta-v Map
Kuchinja kukuru kwesimba kunotora nguva yakareba sei kuti uende pakati penyika, orbit, mwedzi, Mars uye asteroids.
ESO/S. Guisard (www.eso.org/~sguisard) (CC BY 4.0)
Delta-v Map
Chii ichi? Mapeji ezvitima zvepasi. Nekuti imwe neimwe nhamba inoratidza kuti ndege yepasi inofanira kuchinja sei kumhanya kwayo kuti ikwanise kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo, wedzera nhamba dzese dziri panzvimbo iyi uye uchawana huwandu hwemari yaungashandisa pakufambisa ndege.
Maitiro ekuishandisa: Choose a start and a destination: tap two dots on the map, use the From and To menus, or press one of the trip buttons.The route lights up and the fuel budget bar adds up each leg.
Fuel budget for this trip
Delta-v yese
Swipe kumashure kuti uone mapeji ese.
Maitiro ari nzira imwe chete, yakanakisisa impulsive manoeuvres kana akanyorwa typical. Real missions kuwedzera kushaya uye ndege zvigadziriso.
Tarisa izvi
- Tinya "Ku orbit" kuti uende kubva panzvimbo yepasi kuenda ku low Earth orbit.Nharaunda: Kubva panzvimbo yemufananidzo kusvika kumusoro kwezuva kunotora nguva yakareba kupfuura 9.4 km/s, asi kukwira kubva panzvimbo yemufananidzo kuenda kumusoro kwezuva kunotora nguva yakareba kupfuura 5.6 km/s.
- Tinya "Kusvikira paMweya", wobva wasarudza "Kusvikira paMars" uye uenzanise zviuru zvemadhora.Nharaunda: Vaviri ava vane huremu hwakafanana: 15.0 ne15.1 km/s, kunyange hazvo Mars iri nguva dzose mamiriyoni maviri emakore yakareba kupfuura Mweya. Mars ine mhepo yekuvhara kana uchibva; Moon haina, saka chero chinhu chinokanganisa kunonoka kunodhura mafuta.
- Kugadzirira kufamba kubva Mars pamusoro pavozve kunyika.Nharaunda: Kukwira kwekupedzisira, kusvikira pasi penyika, kunodhura 0 km/s: Husiku hwepasi rose uye hunyoro hunodzivirira kubvisa mabhatiri, sezvaiita kune vese vafambi veApollo.Kukwira kubva kuMars zvakare kunodhura 4.1 km/s.
- Tinya "Ku geostationary orbit" uye uzvienzanisa nekuenda kubva padiki Earth orbit kuenda padiki lunar orbit.Nharaunda: Kusvika kunzvimbo yepamusoro yeorbit uko TV uye ma satellites ekunze ari kugara zvinoda mari imwecheteyo sekunge uchisvika kuOrbit yeMweya: pamusoro pe3.9 km / s kubva pakutenderera kwepasi pasi muzvikonzero zvese.
Maitiro ari kutevera
Chii chinonzi delta-v?
Chii chinonzi Delta-v? Kunyangwe paine mabhatiri emagetsi, kana kuti magetsi asingaperi, zvinoda kuiswa mumotokari. Kana uchifamba nemotokari, unogona kuisa bhatiri remagetsi panzvimbo yemagetsi. Panzvimbo yemagetsi, hapana nzira yekumanikidza uye hapana mabheri, saka chero kuchinja kwesimba, kusvika kana kuenda pasi, kunouya kubva kune injini yerocket, uye chero chinhu chinodhura mafuta.
Nei kukwira muorbit ichiva chinhu chakanyanya kuoma?
Kugara muorbit hakusi nezvekugara pasi pevhu. Ichokwadi kuti unofamba nesimba uye uchiramba uchikwira pamusoro penyika, kwete kudzika mukati menyika. Pamusoro pemhepo zvinoreva kuti 7.8 km/s (28,000 km/h), nguva imwe chete yekuti iite rondedzero yepasi rose inenge 90 maminitsi. Panzira inokwira, rocket inorasikirwawo ne1.5 kusvika 2 km/s nekuda kwesimba rekunze uye simba remhepo (zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nekutenderera kwenyika), saka ichi chimiro chinotora nguva yakareba kwazvo, inoita 9.4 km/s.
Nei kukwira paMars kuri nyore kupfuura kukwira paMweya?
Mars ine yakapfava atmosphere. lander inobata iyo air nesimba guru uye its heat shield inoshandura simba iri kuita mhepo; parachutes neyakavharwa rocket inenge ichidyawo nguva yakareba pakupera kwezuva. Sokuti map inoisa 0 km/s yerocket fuel yekukwira kuMars, asi 1.63 km/s yemwedzi isina mweya, uko injini dzinofanira kuita zvese zvinoredza. Kudzokera kuMars ndechimwe chiitiko: kukwirazve kusvika kumaorbit kunodhura makiromita 4.1.
Chii chinonzi aerobraking?
Kushandisa mhepo yepasi rose sechivharo chemahara. Spacecraft inodzika mumvura yakachena yepasi rose, iyo inodarika uye inochengetedza mafuta ayo aizodya. Mu2006 NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter yakadzikira obiti yayo nenzira iyi, nemakumi ezviuru zvekudzika kuburikidza nepasi rose repasi rose kwemwedzi mitatu.
Nei pachine kusiyana kukuru pakati pekm/s?
A rocket has to carry its own fuel, and that fuel has to be pushed along too. So each extra km/s needs more fuel than the one before. That is why the Saturn V that sent astronauts to the Moon weighed nearly 3,000 tonnes at launch, most of it propellant.
Izvo: zvakanyorwa makumbo anoshandisa standard two-body orbit formulas ne NASA/JPL planet data (scripts/build-deltav.mjs); zviratidzo zvemakumbo kubva kuDelta-v budget article pa Wikipedia uye zvinotaurwa zvirevo. Saturn V launch mass: NASA. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter aerobraking: NASA/JPL.
Kana uchida kuziva kuti ndege iri kukwira sei, kana kuti iri kudzika sei, shandisa "delta vee" (kureva kuti "change in speed"): ndezvipi zvikonzero zvinoita kuti ndege iende mberi, kumashure kana kuti iite mafambiro akasiyana. Izvi zvinoshanda semari yechitima yekufambisa, inoratidzwa mukilometres pasecond (km/s).
More in the glossary →Nzira yechimwe chinhu chinoramba chichidonha pamusoro peplaneti kana chiratidzo pasina kumbobvira chacho, nekuti chiri kufamba pasi zvakaomarara.
More in the glossary →An orbit just above the air, a few hundred kilometres up. The International Space Station flies there, going once round Earth in about 90 minutes.
Iyo ine 35,786 km pamusoro peEquator. Kufamba kwezuva rimwe chete kunoita sekunge nyika yazunguzika kaviri (inenge 24 h). Saiti inoramba iri pasi penyika, saka TV nemitambo yekunze inoshandisa saiti iyi.
A yakati wandei orbit anoshandiswa kuenda kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe, senzira yekudonha yemotokari. Iwe unofamba chete pasi pake; hauna kugara pano.
Kushandisa mhepo yeplaneti seyemahara brake. Spacecraft inodzika mumvura yakachena yepasi rose uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunoidzikisa, ichichengetedza mafuta. Chikwereti ndechekupisa, saka inofanirwa kuve neyakaomarara kana yakasimba yekudzivirirwa.
Iyo nzira inochengeta mafuta zvakanyanya yekufambisa pakati pezviviri zvema orbits: imwe kumanikidza kuti uwane nzira yeoval iyo inotaurira chete iyo nyowani orbit, uye imwe yakati wandei yekumanikidza paunenge wasvika.
More in the glossary →Data tafura (text alternative)
| Kubva | Ku | → | ← | Sezvakashanda |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yepasi pevhu | Low Earth orbit (200 km) | 9.4 km/s | 0 km/s (anogona kushandisa aerobraking) | typical (yakaburitswa): Delta-v budget (Wikipedia, with its cited references), typical values including lossesKutanga ku orbit: pamusoro pe7.8 km / s yeorbital speed plus matambudziko egravity uye air drag. |
| Low Earth orbit (200 km) | Geostationary transfer orbit | 2.45 km/s | 2.45 km/s (anogona kushandisa aerobraking) | calculated (ideal): Hohmann perigee burn, 200 km to 35,786 km altitude, equatorial |
| Geostationary transfer orbit | Geostationary orbit | 1.48 km/s | 1.48 km/s | calculated (ideal): Hohmann apogee burn, no plane changeKubva panzvimbo yekumisikidza kure kubva kuEquator,wokuti kuchinja kweorbit's tilt kunowedzera makiromita makumi maviri nemana panguva imwe chete. |
| Low Earth orbit (200 km) | Earth escape | 3.22 km/s | 3.22 km/s (anogona kushandisa aerobraking) | calculated (ideal): Escape speed minus circular speed at 200 km |
| Low Earth orbit (200 km) | Kutumira kune iyo Moon | 3.13 km/s | 3.13 km/s (anogona kushandisa aerobraking) | calculated (ideal): Raise apogee to the Moon's mean distance |
| Kutumira kune iyo Moon | Low lunar orbit (100 km) | 0.82 km/s | 0.82 km/s | calculated (ideal): Patched conic capture into a 100 km lunar orbit |
| Low lunar orbit (100 km) | Kuumbwa kwezuva | 1.63 km/s | 1.63 km/s | calculated (ideal): Circular speed at 100 km (ideal, no gravity losses; real landings need more) |
| Low Earth orbit (200 km) | Kutumira ku Mars | 3.61 km/s | 3.61 km/s (anogona kushandisa aerobraking) | calculated (ideal): Earth-Mars Hohmann departure from 200 km, Oberth effect included |
| Kutumira ku Mars | Low Mars orbit (300 km) | 2.09 km/s (anogona kushandisa aerobraking) | 2.09 km/s | calculated (ideal): Capture into a 300 km circular Mars orbit |
| Low Mars orbit (300 km) | Mars | 0 km/s (anogona kushandisa aerobraking) | 4.1 km/s | typical (yakaburitswa): Delta-v budget (Wikipedia, with its cited references), typical values including lossesKukwira kunoitwa nekushandisa mhepo (heat shield uye parachutes); kukwirazve ku orbit ndiyo inotaurwa sezvakajairika. |
| Low Earth orbit (200 km) | Near-Earth asteroid (Bennu) | 4.11 km/s | 4.11 km/s (anogona kushandisa aerobraking) | calculated (ideal): Heliocentric Hohmann 1 au to Bennu's semi-major axis, coplanar (ignores its 6 degree inclination and its eccentricity); departure from 200 km LEO |
| Low Earth orbit (200 km) | Ceres orbit | 9.48 km/s | 9.48 km/s (anogona kushandisa aerobraking) | calculated (ideal): Heliocentric Hohmann 1 au to Ceres, coplanar (ignores its 10.6 degree inclination); departure from 200 km LEO, capture into a 200 km Ceres orbit |
Zvigadzirwa uye zvidzidzo zvinoshandisa mamodheru akapusa ekudzidza chete. Hazvifanirwe kushandiswa kune yekufambisa, kumisikidza chiitiko kana chero chisarudzo chekushanda. Dzvanya pano kuti uwane ruzivo nezvezvinyorwa zvedzidzo