Delta-v Map
How much change in speed it takes to move between Earth, orbit, the Moon, Mars and the asteroids.
ESO/S. Guisard (www.eso.org/~sguisard) (CC BY 4.0)
Delta-v Map
Mẽne ne wannan? Wata takardar ma'auni na tafiyar sararin samaniya. Kowane layi yana wakiltar wani bangare na tafiya, kuma adadinsa ya nuna yadda jirgin sararin samaniya zai canza gudunsa domin ya yi tafiya a wannan bangare. Ka ƙara bangarorin da za ka samu kudin man fetur na tafiyar.
Yadda ake amfani da shi: Zaɓi farawa da mataki: danna ƙananan alamun biyu a kan hoton, amfani da mazaɓa na Daga da Zuwa, ko kuma latsa ɗaya daga cikin maɓallun tafiya. Hanyar za ta haske kuma barar kasafin kudin mai za ta ƙara zuwa kowane ɓangare.
Fuel budget for this trip
Delta-v Jumma'a
Ka yi motsa zuwa gefe don ka ga duk harshen.
Kima ne na hanya daya, dabarun gudu masu kyau sai dai idan an nuna su a matsayin na musamman. Aikin gaskiya yana ƙara asarar da canji na jirgin sama.
Yi wannan
- Danna "Zuwa orbit" don ka tafi daga fuskar ƙasa zuwa low Earth orbit.Bayani: Wannan mataki na farko yana da tsada 9.4 km/s. Yayin da yake tafiya daga orbit duk hanyar zuwa ga fuskar watan yana da tsada kawai kusan 5.6 km/s fiye da haka.
- Press "To the Moon", then "To Mars", and compare the totals.Bayani: Kuma sunã kusa da juna: a kan 15.0 da 15.1 km/s, kuma kõ dã Mars yana da nisan fiye da sau ɗari daga wata. Mars yana da iska don ya yi tasiri da shi idan ka sauka; Kuma wata bã ta da kõme, sabõda haka kõwane kaɗan na raguwa yana da tsada ga mai.
- Yi shirin tafiya daga fuskar Mars zuwa fuskar ƙasa.Bayani: Cikin sa'a 0 km/s: Hasken duniya da kuma wani rufin zafi suna yin tashin hankali, kamar yadda suka yi wa duk tawagar Apollo. Ficewa daga Mars na iya ɗaukar kimanin kilomita 4.1 a cikin sa'a.
- Danna "Zuwa geostationary orbit" kuma ka kwatanta shi da tafiya daga ƙananan Earth orbit zuwa ƙananan Lunar orbit.Bayani: Cika da high orbit inda TV da yanayi satellites zauna farashin kusan daidai kamar cikar orbit a kusa da wata: kusan 3.9 km / s daga low Earth orbit a cikin dukkanin lokuta.
The ideas behind it
Mẽne ne delta-v?
Ka yi tunanin tafiyar mota. Ka hada duk lokacin da kake kara gudu da kuma duk lokacin da kake rufe motar: wannan adadin shine delta-v ɗinka. A cikin sararin samaniya babu hanya da za ka iya jujjuyawa da ita ba kuma babu rufe motar, don haka duk canjin gudu, sama ko ƙasa, dole ne ya zo daga injin roket, kuma kowane ɓangare na shi yana kashe man fetur.
Me ya sa samun zuwa orbit shi ne mataki mafi wahala?
A cikin orbit ba shi da alaƙa da zama a sama. Shi yana da alaƙa da tafiyar da kai zuwa gefen ƙasa da sauri don haka zaka ci gaba da faɗuwa a kusa da ƙasa maimakon shiga cikinta. A saman iska, wannan yana nufin kusan 7.8 km/s (kwanaki 28,000 km/h), sau ɗaya a duniyar nan cikin mintuna 90. A kan hanyar zuwa sama roket ɗin kuma na rasa kusan 1.5 zuwa 2 km/s ta hanyar yaki da ƙarfin jujjuyawar ƙasa da ƙarfin hawa (girgijewar ƙasa tana bawa baya kaɗan), don haka wannan mataki guda yana buƙatar kusan 9.4 km/s.
To, me ya sa a kan Mars ne ake yin tashin da ya fi arha fiye da na wata?
Mars na da wani yanayi mai kauri. Wani jirgin sama na tashi a cikin wannan iska da sauri kuma rufinsa na zafi yana juya gudun zuwa zafi; parachutes da wata fitila mai tsawo suna kashewa a ƙarshe. Saboda haka, wannan hoton ya yi la'akari da 0 km/s na man fetur na fitilar don sauka a kan Mars, amma 1.63 km/s ga watan da ba shi da iska, inda injinan ke yin duk aikin hana ruwa. Ficewa daga Mars wani labarin daban ne: hawa zuwa orbit yana buƙatar kusan 4.1 km/s.
Mẽne ne aerobraking?
Yi amfani da hasken wata duniyar kamar wani mai hana gudu. Wani jirgin sararin samaniya yana zubowa cikin sama na iska, wannan ya rage gudunta, kuma yana adana man fetur wanda zai iya gurbata shi. A shekarar 2006 NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter ya rage orbit dinsa ta wannan hanyar, tare da zubowa ɗaruruwan sau a cikin sama na Mars a cikin watanni biyar.
Me ya sa kowane km/s yake da muhimmanci?
Wani roketi na bukatar ya ɗauki man fetur ɗinsa, kuma wannan man fetur ɗin yana buƙatar a yi masa tasiri. Saboda haka duk wani kilomita/s da aka ƙara yana buƙatar man fetur mai yawa fiye da wanda ya gabata. Wannan shi ne dalilin da yasa Saturn V wanda ya aika da masu tafiyar sama zuwa wata ya nauyi kusan tan 3000 a lokacin farawa, mafi yawansu suna da man fetur.
Tushe: hannayen da aka lissafa suna amfani da fomula na tsarin jiki biyu tare da NASA/JPL planet data (scripts/build-deltav.mjs); hannayen da ake amfani da su daga labarin Delta-v a Wikipedia da kuma ambatonsa. Saturn V launch mass: NASA. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter aerobraking: NASA/JPL.
Ka ce "delta vee". Ma'anarta "canje-canje a cikin gudu": yadda yawancin jirgin sararin samaniya zai yi sauri, daina ko canza hanya. Yana aiki kamar wani kasafin kudin mai don tafiya, ana auna shi da kilomimita a kowane sakan (km/s).
More in the glossary →The path of something that keeps falling around a planet or star without ever hitting it, because it is moving sideways fast enough.
More in the glossary →A orbit kawai sama da iska, daruruwan kilomita a sama. International Space Station ke tashi daga nan, yana tafiyar wata daya a duniya cikin minti 90.
A high orbit, 35,786 km above the equator, where one trip around Earth takes as long as one turn of Earth (just under 24 hours). A satellite there seems to hang still in the sky, which is why TV and weather satellites use it.
Kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, Allah Ya sanya sama da ƙasa sabõda ku, dõmin ku yi tafiya a cikinsu, kuma dõmin ku kasance mãsu yin ĩmãni.
Ta amfani da iska na wata duniyar kamar wani free brake. Jirgin sama na waje ya shiga cikin saman ƙasan yanayi kuma jujjuyawar iska tana rage shi, yana adana man fetur. Farashin shi ne zafi, don haka yana bukatar wani rufin zafi ko kuma wasu hanyoyi masu sauƙi.
Hanya mafi tsada wajen motsa tsakanin orbits biyu na runduna: matsa daya don fara wata hanya mai siffar kwano da ke shafar sabon orbit, kuma matsa na biyu idan ka isa can.
More in the glossary →Jadawalin bayanai (zaɓin rubutu)
| Daga | To | → | ← | Yãya aka yi shi? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Earth surface | Low Earth orbit (200 km) | km 9.4/d | km 0/d (can use aerobraking) | typical (published): Delta-v budget (Wikipedia, with its cited references), typical values including lossesLaunch to orbit: about 7.8 km/s of orbital speed plus losses to gravity and air drag. |
| Low Earth orbit (200 km) | Geostationary transfer orbit | km 2.45/d | km 2.45/d (can use aerobraking) | dakata: Hohmann perigee burn, 200 km to 35,786 km altitude, equatorial |
| Geostationary transfer orbit | Geostationary orbit | km 1.48/d | km 1.48/d | dakata: Hohmann apogee burn, no plane changeDaga wurin da aka fara daga arewa maso gabas, kuma canja tsayin orbit na ƙara ɗaruruwan mita a kowace sakan. |
| Low Earth orbit (200 km) | Earth escape | km 3.22/d | km 3.22/d (can use aerobraking) | dakata: Escape speed minus circular speed at 200 km |
| Low Earth orbit (200 km) | Transfer to the Moon | km 3.13/d | km 3.13/d (can use aerobraking) | dakata: Raise apogee to the Moon's mean distance |
| Transfer to the Moon | low lunar orbit (100 km) | km 0.82/d | km 0.82/d | dakata: Patched conic capture into a 100 km lunar orbit |
| low lunar orbit (100 km) | Moon surface | km 1.63/d | km 1.63/d | dakata: Circular speed at 100 km (ideal, no gravity losses; real landings need more) |
| Low Earth orbit (200 km) | Transfer to Mars | km 3.61/d | km 3.61/d (can use aerobraking) | dakata: Earth-Mars Hohmann departure from 200 km, Oberth effect included |
| Transfer to Mars | Mars orbit low (300 km) | km 2.09/d (can use aerobraking) | km 2.09/d | dakata: Capture into a 300 km circular Mars orbit |
| Mars orbit low (300 km) | Mars surface | km 0/d (can use aerobraking) | km 4.1/d | typical (published): Delta-v budget (Wikipedia, with its cited references), typical values including lossesA cikin wannan yanayin, za a iya amfani da shi don yin amfani da tsarin aiki na farko (wanda aka sani da "Alpha"). |
| Low Earth orbit (200 km) | star name | km 4.11/d | km 4.11/d (can use aerobraking) | dakata: Heliocentric Hohmann 1 au to Bennu's semi-major axis, coplanar (ignores its 6 degree inclination and its eccentricity); departure from 200 km LEO |
| Low Earth orbit (200 km) | star name | km 9.48/d | km 9.48/d (can use aerobraking) | dakata: Heliocentric Hohmann 1 au to Ceres, coplanar (ignores its 10.6 degree inclination); departure from 200 km LEO, capture into a 200 km Ceres orbit |
Kayan aiki da karatu suna amfani da siffofin sauƙi don koyon kawai. Ba za a iya amfani da su don tafiyar ruwa, shirin aiki ko wani hukuncin aiki ba. Shaidu ne kyauta kuma ba a amince da su ba. Ka karanta bayanin da ke cikin shirin koyarwa