Le ndatshana yabhalwa nguLocal Solar System ilungu leqembu le Foundation futhi ingathuthukiswa ngumbuyekezi oqeqeshiwe. Ingabe uqeqeshiwe kulolu daba? Sicela uhlela
Isikali sokuhamba
Vula ikhasi eligcweleKonke lapha kuyisikali sangempela: ubukhulu namabanga ngesilinganiso esifanayo. I-pixel ngayinye ongayisakaza ithatha 3,000 km.
Qhubeka uskrola. Isithombe ngasinye esikubonayo se-solar system sicindezela le nto engenalutho.
I-Mercury ihamba phambili, lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kunamandla kakhulu kunaleyo yeplanethi.
Ngakhoni. Udlule 16.8 isigidi km kusukela UMerkuriyu.
Ukukhanya kwelanga okudlula kuwe manje kushiye i-Sun 5 iminithi 5 sec ngaphambili.
Izwe lihamba phambili. Bona ukuthi ikhaya elincane livela kanjani.
UMarzi ihlala 58.8 isigidi km ngaphambili.
Umlayezo we-radiyo kusuka emhlabeni uthatha phakathi kwamaminithi angama-3 no-22 ukufinyelela kuMars, ngokuya ngokuthi amaplanethi amabili akhona kuphi.
Ungabeka 4,611 Earths ngakwesobunxele nakwesokudla endaweni odlule kuyo kusukela ku Umhlaba.
Uyi 14% yendlela kusuka ku UMarzi kuya ku UNomadwala.
Ngakhoni. Udlule 53.1 isigidi km kusukela UMarzi.
Ukukhanya kwelanga okudlula kuwe manje kushiye i-Sun 17 iminithi 6 sec ngaphambili.
UNomadwala ihlala 79.6 isigidi km ngaphambili.
Ungaphakathi kwe-asteroid belt. Uthole lutho? On average the asteroids are about a million kilometres apart.
Ungabeka 12,497 Earths ngakwesobunxele nakwesokudla endaweni odlule kuyo kusukela ku UMarzi.
Uyi 17% yendlela kusuka ku UNomadwala kuya ku UJupitheri.
Ngakhoni. Udlule 122 isigidi km kusukela UNomadwala.
Ukukhanya kwelanga okudlula kuwe manje kushiye i-Sun 33 iminithi 8 sec ngaphambili.
UJupitheri ihlala 122 isigidi km ngaphambili.
Ungabeka 23,846 Earths ngakwesobunxele nakwesokudla endaweni odlule kuyo kusukela ku UNomadwala.
Uyi 10% yendlela kusuka ku UJupitheri kuya ku USatureni.
Ngakhoni. Udlule 130 isigidi km kusukela UJupitheri.
Ukukhanya kwelanga okudlula kuwe manje kushiye i-Sun 54 iminithi 5 sec ngaphambili.
USatureni ihlala 389 isigidi km ngaphambili.
I-Voyager 1 yathatha cishe amasonto angama-20 ukundiza kusuka eJupiter iye kuSaturn.
Ungabeka 30,529 Earths ngakwesobunxele nakwesokudla endaweni odlule kuyo kusukela ku UJupitheri.
Uyi 70% yendlela kusuka ku UJupitheri kuya ku USatureni.
Ngakhoni. Udlule 519 isigidi km kusukela UJupitheri.
Ukukhanya kwelanga okudlula kuwe manje kushiye i-Sun 1 hora 16 iminithi ngaphambili.
U-Uranu ihlala 1.31 isigidi sezigidi km ngaphambili.
Ungabeka 20,605 Earths ngakwesobunxele nakwesokudla endaweni odlule kuyo kusukela ku USatureni.
Uyi 27% yendlela kusuka ku USatureni kuya ku U-Uranu.
Ngakhoni. Udlule 525 isigidi km kusukela USatureni.
I-Uranus ijikeleza kabili ngaphezu kwelanga njengeSaturn. Uma udlula kude, izoba mnyama kakhulu.
Ukukhanya kwelanga okudlula kuwe manje kushiye i-Sun 2 hr 3 iminithi ngaphambili.
U-Uranu ihlala 525 isigidi km ngaphambili.
Ungabeka 82,418 Earths ngakwesobunxele nakwesokudla endaweni odlule kuyo kusukela ku USatureni.
Uyi 82% yendlela kusuka ku USatureni kuya ku U-Uranu.
Ngakhoni. Udlule 1.31 isigidi sezigidi km kusukela USatureni.
Ukukhanya kwelanga okudlula kuwe manje kushiye i-Sun 2 hr 48 iminithi ngaphambili.
UNepetuni ihlala 1.33 isigidi sezigidi km ngaphambili.
Ungabeka 34,840 Earths ngakwesobunxele nakwesokudla endaweni odlule kuyo kusukela ku U-Uranu.
Uyi 36% yendlela kusuka ku U-Uranu kuya ku UNepetuni.
Ngakhoni. Udlule 740 isigidi km kusukela U-Uranu.
I-Voyager 2 idinga cishe iminyaka emithathu nengxenye ukudlula kule ndawo, kusuka ku-Uranus ngo-1986 kuya ku-Neptune ngo-1989.
Ukukhanya kwelanga okudlula kuwe manje kushiye i-Sun 3 hr 37 iminithi ngaphambili.
UNepetuni ihlala 444 isigidi km ngaphambili.
Ungabeka 104,519 Earths ngakwesobunxele nakwesokudla endaweni odlule kuyo kusukela ku U-Uranu.
Uyi 91% yendlela kusuka ku U-Uranu kuya ku UNepetuni.
Ngakhoni. Udlule 129 isigidi km kusukela UNepetuni.
Ukukhanya kwelanga okudlula kuwe manje kushiye i-Sun 4 hr 24 iminithi ngaphambili.
I-Kuiper belt: iringi lezinto ezibandayo zezwekazi elikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngemuva kwePluto, iNew Horizons yafika eduze kwazo.
UPluto ihlala 906 isigidi km ngaphambili.
Ungabeka 50,798 Earths ngakwesobunxele nakwesokudla endaweni odlule kuyo kusukela ku UNepetuni.
Uyi 55% yendlela kusuka ku UNepetuni kuya ku UPluto.
Ngakhoni. Udlule 906 isigidi km kusukela UNepetuni.
New Horizons, one of the fastest spacecraft ever launched, took nine and a half years to reach Pluto. Ukukhanya kwelanga kungena ekuphathweni okuphakathi kwePluto ngehora elilodwa nengxenye.
Ukukhanya kwelanga okudlula kuwe manje kushiye i-Sun 5 hr 15 iminithi ngaphambili.
UPluto ihlala 129 isigidi km ngaphambili.
Chofoza phansi ngaphakathi kwefremu ukundiza ngaphandle, noma qala i-autopilot ngaphansi.
Isiphelo sendlela
Bona emuva. Le nyoni ekhanyayo yilanga.
Ithebula ledatha (ukhetho lombhalo)
| Izwe | Ubukhulu | Ubukhulu be-radius: | Isikhathi sokuhamba kwelanga kusuka eMhlabeni | px |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UMerkuriyu | 4,879 km | 0.387 noma | 3 iminithi 13 sec | 19,303 |
| UVenusi | 12,104 km | 0.723 noma | 6 iminithi 1 sekhondi | 36,070 |
| Umhlaba | 12,742 km | 1 noma | 8 iminithi 19 sec | 49,866 |
| UMarzi | 6,779 km | 1.52 noma | 12 iminithi 40 sec | 75,981 |
| UNomadwala | 939 km | 2.77 noma | 23 iminithi 0 sekhondi | 137,907 |
| UJupitheri | 139,822 km | 5.2 noma | 43 iminithi 16 sec | 259,447 |
| USatureni | 116,464 km | 9.54 noma | 1 hora 19 iminithi | 475,555 |
| U-Uranu | 50,724 km | 19.2 noma | 2 hr 40 iminithi | 956,886 |
| UNepetuni | 49,244 km | 30.1 noma | 4 hr 10 iminithi | 1,499,465 |
| UPluto | 2,377 km | 39.6 noma | 5 hr 29 iminithi | 1,974,125 |
Kubukeka sengathi yonke isithombe se-solar system sikhona. Ukufakela kwikhasi, amaplanethi acindezelwa ndawonye futhi aqhume ngosayizi. Iya phambili ngesilinganiso esifanele bese uthola isibhakabhaka sangempela semboni: indawo engenalutho.
I-solar system ingxenye enkulu iyisikhala esingenalutho, futhi lokho ukunganaki kuyiqiniso lonke.
Bona
Izithombe eziningi ze-solar system zicindezela amaplanethi ndawonye njengezingulube ezingenantambo, futhi zizozoba mkhulu kakhulu. Kudingeka: uma kulinganiselwa ngokugcwele, ikhasi lizobe lingenalutho ngokuphelele.
Ucabanga ukuthi: uma ilanga liyibhola lebhishi, ngabe iplanethi izobe eduze kangakanani? Isigaba? Igumbi? Isitezi?
I-street. Ngelanga njengebhola le 1-meter, iplanethi iyi 9 mm pea mayelana ne 107 metres kude: cishe ubude bendawo yokudlala ibhola. Gcina le sithombe engqondweni uma uhamba.
Isikali Sokuhamba phezulu sizongwe ku isikali esiqiniso: ubukhulu namabanga ngesilinganiso esifanayo. Wonke ama-pixel owela kuwo uthatha 3,000 km. Chofoza ngaphakathi kwefremu, chofoza Izwe elilandelayo, noma chofoza iplanethi kwimephu yokuya phezulu.
- I i-journey map kufanele ilinganiswe futhi. Umqondisi omhlophe ukho wena. Bona ukuthi ilanga neplanethi ezine ezingaphakathi zihamba ndawonye eduze kwesobunxele.
- I-odometer ibala amakhilomitha kanye nesikhathi isibani selanga sidinga ukufinyelela lapho ukhona.
- Uma uvala eduze kwezwe, ikhamera ivula futhi ibheke ngaphakathi (ukulungiswa kuboniswe eduze kwebha yesilinganiso), futhi ikhadi litshela lapho ukhona.
- Iplanethi, iglobhu elinemizila engu-12,742 km, iyingxenye ye-50,000 pixels ejikelezayo ukusuka kuLwandlekazi lweMhlophe. INeptune ingaphansi kwama-pixels ayizigidi eziyisi-1.5.
Bona ukuthi kuphi okuningi kwendiza okumnyama nje, nama-line ambalwa kuphela omlando ahamba phambili. Le yisimo sezulu sangempela: amaplanethi amancane ahlukaniswe ngendawo eningi engasebenzi.
Ukuqonda
Imodeli yesilinganiso sihlukanisa yonke ubude ngenombolo efanayo. Lapha inani lingu-3,000: 3,000 km yendawo ebonakalayo izoba yi-1 pixel.
| Izwe | Ubukhulu obukhona | Umngcele ku-1 px = 3,000 km | Ubukhulu | Kulesi sikali |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ilanga | 1,391,400 km | 464px | 0 | 0 |
| Iplanethi | 12,742 km | 4 px | i-kilomitha eyizigidi ezingu-149.6 | 49,866 pixels |
| i-Jupiter | 139,822 km | 47px | i-kilomitha eyizigidi ezingama-778.3 | 259,437 pixels |
| i-Neptune | 49,244 km | 16px | 4,498 million km | 1,499,000 pixels |
Ukuqhathaniswa okunembile kusetshenziswa i Sun as a 1-metre ball. Yabelana konke nge-Sun’s diameter (1.39 million km):
- Iplanethi iyisitshalo esincane, siyi-9 mm, sisuka kuma-107 m.
- IJupiter iyi-10 cm i-grapefruit, 560 m kude.
- I-Neptune iyi-3.5 cm marble, 3.2 km kude.
- I-Proxima Centauri, ilanga elincane kakhulu, lizoba nenye ibhola elingama 29,000 km kude: ngaphezulu kwezingxenye ezimbili zendlela ejikeleza umhlaba ongempela.
Zama i-autopilot ku 1×, isivinini sangempela sokukhanya. Uhamba nge-100 pixels ngomzuzu, okubukeka kunzima kusikrini. Ukukhanya kwelanga okungokoqobo kudinga imizuzwana engu-8 ukufinyelela emhlabeni futhi ngaphezu kwamahora angu-4 ukufinyelela eNeptune. Izilungiselelo ezisheshayo zicindezela isikhathi, hhayi ubude: i-autopilot iyazimisa futhi ibambezeleka emhlabeni wonke.
Ucabanga ukuthi: ukusakaza ngesondo legundane, ungahamba ngokushesha noma kancane kunesibani?
Kusheshe kakhulu. A brisk scroll carries you millions of kilometres per second, often ten or more times the speed of light; ukufundwa kwejubane ngaphansi komugqa wokuhamba kubonisa lokhu. Nakuba kunjalo, iziplanethi zangaphandle zithatha isikhathi eside ukufinyelela. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi amabanga anjani.
Umphathi
Ukucindezeleka okuhlukile okumibili kushintsha izithombe ezijwayelekile: isikali ubukhulu nesikali ukuphakama. Isilinganiso sezulu-Neptune ubude (4.5 × 10⁹ km) ku Earth’s diameter (1.27 × 10⁴ km) cishe 350,000. Isikrini esiphakeme ngama-pixels angama-1,000 singaxazulula umkhawulo okungu-1,000, ngakho-ke akukho sithombe esisodwa esihlala sikhona esingabonisa amaplanethi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwazo. Ukulungiswa okuphathelene, ama-axis we-logarithmic noma imodeli yokuhamba-ubude njengelelinye yizinto ezikhethwayo kuphela.
Le yisizathu sokuthi kungani i-orery kule site inikeza izindlela ezimbili. Isikali esifundekayo sicindezela umgama ngesisekelo esisodwa (r_screen ∝ √r) futhi sizoqamba amaplanethi kubukhulu obufundeka ngokuqinile. Isikali esiqiniso sihamba phambili kubungakanani nakumabanga, ngakho amaplanethi ancane kumaphuzu e-sub-pixel.
Ukungenalutho kunomthelela ekuhambeni kwelanga. Ukugibela phakathi kwamaplanethi akufana nokugibela phakathi kwemiphakathi: amaplanethi ahamba, imizila ikhulu kakhulu, futhi inani le-energy lixhomekeke kakhulu ekushintsheni kwejubane kunesikhathi sokuhamba. Lo mqondo, delta-v, ukhona engxenyeni esemqoka yohlelo lokuzulazula.
Iqiniso lesilinganiso sokugcina: i i-asteroid belt, evame ukudweba njengendawo egcwele iziqhingi, iyinto encane kakhulu ukuthi ama-spacecraft adlula kuyo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi indlela ekhethekile. I-Kuiper belt edlula iNeptune iyangenalutho.
Zama
Misela isivinini se-autopilot ku 1× bese ucindezela 'Ukuhamba ngejubane lelanga'. Bona ihora lokukhanya njengoba ufika emhlabeni: cishe imizuzu engu-8 imizuzwana engu-20. Phambi kokuba ubheke ithebula, cabanga ukuthi isikhathi esingakanani esithathayo ukushayela kuye eNeptune, bese uhlola.
Iningi. Izinhlekelele zikhona lapho ukufunda kuqhubeka khona.
Umbuzo osheshayo
3 imibuzo esheshayo. Khetha impendulo ukuze ubone uma ulungile.
-
Uma ilanga liyibhola 1 lemitha ububanzi, ngabe iplanethi izokhula kanjani?
- A Ibhola
- B I-grapefruit
- C I-9 millimetres, njenge-pea
- D Imilethe engu-1
Bonisa impendulo
C. I-9 millimetres, njenge-pea Ilanga libanzi izikhathi ezingu-109 kunaleyo yezulu, ngakho 1 m ÷ 109 ≈ 9 mm.
-
Kulesi sibalo esifanayo, ikuphi ubude obuzobe busuka eMhlabeni kuya ku-1-meter Sun?
- A Imitha engu-1
- B Amamitha angama-10
- C Imitha ezingu-107
- D Nge 1 amakhilomitha
Bonisa impendulo
C. Imitha ezingu-107 1 au yimayelana ne-107.5 Sun diameters, ngakho iplanethi izobe iyi-pea elingana nobude bebhola lebhola elihamba kude.
-
Kungani ama-drawings amaningi e-solar system abonisa iziplanethi ezincane ndawonye?
- A ngoba bakhona
- B Ngenxa yokuthi uma kubhekwa ngokugcwele iziplanethi zizobe zincane kakhulu ukuze ziboneke kwikhasi
- C I-planethi encane kakhulu
- D Ngenxa yothuli olukhanyayo
Bonisa impendulo
B. Ngenxa yokuthi uma kubhekwa ngokugcwele iziplanethi zizobe zincane kakhulu ukuze ziboneke kwikhasi
Ingxenye yelayini
- Idlala nge-interactive
- Funda isifundo
- Ukwenze kanjani isiphakamiso
- Uthathe isifundo
Phawula isifundo siqediwe ukuze uyigcine ekwenzeni kwakho kulolu hlelo.
Isifundo siqediwe. Kulungile!
Phezulu okulandelayo Amasonto namasonto emhlabeni wonkeAmagama kule ncwadi
Amasu
- NASA NSSDCA Planetary Fact Sheet (diameters, distances)
- JPL SSD: Approximate Positions of the Planets (semi-major axes)
- NASA NSSDCA: Schoolyard Solar System scale model
Le ndatshana ilayisense CC BY-SA 4.0.