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Kuyenda kwa Scale
Kutsegula tsamba lonseZonsezi pano ndi pa mlingo woyenera: kukula ndi makilomita ali ndi kusiyana kofanana. Kawirikawiri, pixel iliyonse yomwe mumayenda nayo imakubweretserani 3,000 km.
Mudzaona kuti pazithunzi zonse zomwe mwaona za chilengedwe chonse, pali kuwala kokwanira.
Mercury ndi yotsatira, komwe mwanga wa dzuwa ndi pafupifupi zaka zisanu zolimba kuposa padziko lapansi.
Sichoncho. Mudapita 16.8 million km kuyambira Mercury.
Mdima wa dzuwa womwe umapita ku inu unachoka pa dzuwa 5 min 5 sec zaka zapitazo.
Dziko ndi patsogolo. Onani momwe nyumba yaying'ono imawonekera kuti ndi yotani.
Mars ndibe 58.8 million km kumbuyo.
Mlandu wa radio kuchokera kudziko limatenga pakati pa 3 ndi 22 mphindi kuti afike Mars, malinga ndi komwe maplaneti awiri ali.
Mukhoza kugwirizana 4,611 Earths mbali ndi mbali mu malo inu anapita kuchokera Dziko.
Mu ndi 14% ya njira kuchokera Mars kuti Ceres.
Sichoncho. Mudapita 53.1 million km kuyambira Mars.
Mdima wa dzuwa womwe umapita ku inu unachoka pa dzuwa 17 min 6 sec zaka zapitazo.
Ceres ndibe 79.6 million km kumbuyo.
Mukupita m’chigawo cha ma asteroid. Kodi mwafikapo pa chinthu china? Ma asteroid amapita pafupi ndi dziko lapansi pafupifupi makilomita miliyoni.
Mukhoza kugwirizana 12,497 Earths mbali ndi mbali mu malo inu anapita kuchokera Mars.
Mu ndi 17% ya njira kuchokera Ceres kuti Jupiter.
Sichoncho. Mudapita 122 million km kuyambira Ceres.
Mdima wa dzuwa womwe umapita ku inu unachoka pa dzuwa 33 min 8 sec zaka zapitazo.
Jupiter ndibe 122 million km kumbuyo.
Mukhoza kugwirizana 23,846 Earths mbali ndi mbali mu malo inu anapita kuchokera Ceres.
Mu ndi 10% ya njira kuchokera Jupiter kuti Saturn.
Sichoncho. Mudapita 130 million km kuyambira Jupiter.
Mdima wa dzuwa womwe umapita ku inu unachoka pa dzuwa 54 min 5 sec zaka zapitazo.
Saturn ndibe 389 million km kumbuyo.
Voyager 1 inatenga pafupifupi miyezi 20 kuti ipite kuchokera ku Jupiter kupita ku Saturn.
Mukhoza kugwirizana 30,529 Earths mbali ndi mbali mu malo inu anapita kuchokera Jupiter.
Mu ndi 70% ya njira kuchokera Jupiter kuti Saturn.
Sichoncho. Mudapita 519 million km kuyambira Jupiter.
Mdima wa dzuwa womwe umapita ku inu unachoka pa dzuwa 1 hr 16 min zaka zapitazo.
Uranus ndibe 1.31 billion km kumbuyo.
Mukhoza kugwirizana 20,605 Earths mbali ndi mbali mu malo inu anapita kuchokera Saturn.
Mu ndi 27% ya njira kuchokera Saturn kuti Uranus.
Sichoncho. Mudapita 525 million km kuyambira Saturn.
Uranus orbits awiri mozungulira kuchokera ku dzuwa monga Saturn.The mbali yaitali inu kupita, the wonse adzakhala.
Mdima wa dzuwa womwe umapita ku inu unachoka pa dzuwa 2 hr 3 min zaka zapitazo.
Uranus ndibe 525 million km kumbuyo.
Mukhoza kugwirizana 82,418 Earths mbali ndi mbali mu malo inu anapita kuchokera Saturn.
Mu ndi 82% ya njira kuchokera Saturn kuti Uranus.
Sichoncho. Mudapita 1.31 billion km kuyambira Saturn.
Mdima wa dzuwa womwe umapita ku inu unachoka pa dzuwa 2 hr 48 min zaka zapitazo.
Neptune ndibe 1.33 billion km kumbuyo.
Mukhoza kugwirizana 34,840 Earths mbali ndi mbali mu malo inu anapita kuchokera Uranus.
Mu ndi 36% ya njira kuchokera Uranus kuti Neptune.
Sichoncho. Mudapita 740 million km kuyambira Uranus.
Voyager 2 inafunika zaka zitatu ndi theka kuti ipite kudzera m'chipinda ichi, kuchokera ku Uranus mu 1986 kupita ku Neptune mu 1989.
Mdima wa dzuwa womwe umapita ku inu unachoka pa dzuwa 3 hr 37 min zaka zapitazo.
Neptune ndibe 444 million km kumbuyo.
Mukhoza kugwirizana 104,519 Earths mbali ndi mbali mu malo inu anapita kuchokera Uranus.
Mu ndi 91% ya njira kuchokera Uranus kuti Neptune.
Sichoncho. Mudapita 129 million km kuyambira Neptune.
Mdima wa dzuwa womwe umapita ku inu unachoka pa dzuwa 4 hr 24 min zaka zapitazo.
Kuiper belt: chingwe cha madziko otentha omwe adagawidwa kuti pambuyo pa Pluto, New Horizons idadutsa pafupi ndi imodzi mwa iwo.
Pluto ndibe 906 million km kumbuyo.
Mukhoza kugwirizana 50,798 Earths mbali ndi mbali mu malo inu anapita kuchokera Neptune.
Mu ndi 55% ya njira kuchokera Neptune kuti Pluto.
Sichoncho. Mudapita 906 million km kuyambira Neptune.
New Horizons, imodzi mwa ndege zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zidatulutsidwa, zinatenga zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kuti zizifika ku Pluto.Chithunzi cha dzuwa chimafika pa mtunda wa Pluto pafupifupi maola asanu ndi awiri.
Mdima wa dzuwa womwe umapita ku inu unachoka pa dzuwa 5 hr 15 min zaka zapitazo.
Pluto ndibe 129 million km kumbuyo.
Scroll pansi m'mphepete mwa frame kuti atembenuke, kapena kuyambitsa autopilot pansipa.
Kutha kwa ulendo
Taganizirani zapitazo. Chithunzicho ndi cha dzuwa.
Tabula ya deta (malemba osiyanasiyana)
| World | Kutalika | Kuchokera ku Sun | Kuwala-kuyenda nthawi kuchokera ku dzuwa | px |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury | 4,879 km | 0.387 au | 3 min 13 sec | 19,303 |
| Nthandá | 12,104 km | 0.723 au | 6 min 1 sec | 36,070 |
| Dziko | 12,742 km | 1 au | 8 min 19 sec | 49,866 |
| Mars | 6,779 km | 1.52 au | 12 min 40 sec | 75,981 |
| Ceres | 939 km | 2.77 au | 23 min 0 sec | 137,907 |
| Jupiter | 139,822 km | 5.2 au | 43 min 16 sec | 259,447 |
| Saturn | 116,464 km | 9.54 au | 1 hr 19 min | 475,555 |
| Uranus | 50,724 km | 19.2 au | 2 hr 40 min | 956,886 |
| Neptune | 49,244 km | 30.1 au | 4 hr 10 min | 1,499,465 |
| Pluto | 2,377 km | 39.6 au | 5 hr 29 min | 1,974,125 |
Zina mwa zinthu zazikulu kwambiri m’machitidwe a dzuwa ndi mpweya. Kuti zikhale zokwanira patsamba, maplaneti amasunthidwa limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kukula. Pitani pa mlingo wachikhalidwe ndipo mudzapeza chiwonetsero chabwino kwambiri: malo opanda pake.
Solar system ndi pafupifupi chovala cha space, ndipo kuti chovala cha space ndi nkhani yonse.
Onani
Mafilimu ambiri a Solar System amatenga maplaneti limodzi ngati ma beads pa mzere, ndipo amawajambula kwambiri. Zili choncho: pa mlingo woyenera, tsamba lidzakhala lopanda chilichonse.
Kuyamba, ganizirani: ngati dzuwa linali mpira wa m’nyanja, kodi dziko lapansi lidzakhala liti pafupi? Mtunda woti tipite kumbali ina?
A street. Ndi dzuwa ngati 1-mita mpira, dziko ndi 9 mm peas pafupifupi 107 mamita kumbuyo: zosakwana m’lifupi la mpira. Tengani m’maganizo kuti mukakhala kunyamuka, mudzaona chithunzichi.
Mtengo wa m’madera a pamwambapa umapangidwa ndi mtengo woyenera: kukula ndi makilomita ali ndi gawo limodzi. Pamene mumangosintha ma pixels, mumapita 3000 km. Sankhani nyanjayo, dinani Next world kapena dinani dziko lapansi pa mapu a ulendowo pamwamba.
- The journey mapu ndi ku scalenso. Wolemba wakuda ndi inu. Zikomo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yanu kuphunzira za chilengedwe cha dzuwa ndi maplaneti ena.
- The odometer amawerengera makilomita ndi nthawi ya dzuwa anafunika kuti afike kumene inu muli.
- Ngati muchoka pafupi ndi dziko, kamera imatseka ndipo imasunthira (zosintha zimawonekera pazenera la mlingo), ndipo khadi limakuwuzani komwe muli.
- Dziko, globe 12,742 km mozungulira, ndi pafupifupi 50,000 scrolled pixels kuchokera ku Sun. Neptune ndi pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni pixels kumbuyo.
Kuzindikira momwe zambiri za ulendowu ndi golide, ndi masamba angapo okha a kufotokoza komwe kumayenda. Izi ndi zachilendo kwambiri: mapiri ozungulira dziko lapansili, omwe ali ndi miyala yambiri.
Kumvetsa
Mtundu wa kutalika kwa mtunda umasiyana ndi mtundu wa nthawi yomweyo. Munkhaniyi mndandanda ndi 3,000: 3,000 km ya chipinda chabwino chimakhala 1 pixel.
| World | M’lifupi lachidule | Kutalika pa 1 px = 3,000 km | Kuchokera ku Sun | Pa mlingo uwu |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sun | 1,391,400 km | 464 px | 0 | 0 |
| Dziko | 12,742 km | 4 px | 149.6 miliyoni km | 49,866 px |
| Jupiter | 139,822 km | 47 px | 778.3 miliyoni km | 259,437 px |
| Neptune | 49,244 km | 16 px | 4,498 miliyoni km | 1,499,000 px |
A yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuyerekezera amagwiritsa Lachisanu ngati mpira wa 1 mita. Kugawa zonse ndi kutalika kwa dzuwa (1.39 miliyoni km):
- Dziko ndi 9 mm peas, 107 m kumbuyo.
- Jupiter ndi 10 cm grapefruit, 560 m kumbuyo.
- Neptune ndi 3.5 cm marble, 3.2 km kumbuyo.
- M’malo mwake, Proxima Centauri ndi yozungulira kwambiri ndipo ili pafupi ndi dziko lapansili pafupifupi makilomita 29,000.
Sankhani autopilot pa 1 ×, chiwongola dzanja chabwino cha kuwala. Mukhoza kunyamula 100 pixels pa mphindi, zomwe zimawoneka mofulumira pazenera. Mdima wa dzuwa umafunika maola 8 kuti ufike padziko lapansi ndipo amatenga nthawi yaitali kuposa masiku 4 kuti upite ku Neptune. Malamulo ofulumira amachepetsa nthawi, sikumtunda: autopilot imangoletsa ndi kuletsa panthawi iliyonse.
Kuzindikira koyamba: kuwonekera ndi wheel ya mouse, kodi mumayenda mofulumira kapena mofulumira kuposa mwanga?
M’njira zambiri. A swish scroll amabweretsa inu mamiliyoni a makilomita pa mphindi, nthawi zambiri zaka makumi asanu kapena zoposa nthawi ya kuwala; kuwerengetsa kwa mayendedwe pansi pa odometer kumasonyeza izi. Koma ngakhale zimenezi, kumatenga nthawi yaitali kuti anthu afike ku maplaneti ena. Izi ndi mmene lalikulu makilomita.
Woyang’anira
Makompyuta amakono amagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta awiri osiyana: windows ndi windows. Kusiyana kwa kutalika kwa Sun-Neptune (4.5 × 10⁹ km) ndi kuzungulira kwa dziko lapansi (1.27 × 10⁴ km) ndi pafupifupi 350,000. M’madera ena, masamba a 1000 akhoza kugawidwa m’magulu awiri osiyana, komabe, pali mitundu ina ya 1000 yomwe imatha kugawidwa m’magulu awiri. Zosintha zazing’ono, logarithmic axis kapena mtundu wa kukula kwa scroll monga izi ndizomwe zimapezeka.
Izi ndichifukwa chake orrery patsambali imapatsa modes awiri. Readable scale imachepetsa kuwala kwa maplaneti ndi square root (r_screen ∝ √r) ndipo imajambula maplaneti ndi kukula koyenera. True scale ndi linear m’mitundu yonse ya kukula ndi kuwala, choncho maplaneti amachepetsedwa kukhala sub-pixel dots.
Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhudzanso kuwala kwa nyanja. Kuyenda pakati pa maplaneti si monga kuyendetsa galimoto pakati pa mizinda: maplaneti amasintha, makilomita ndi akuluakulu, ndipo mtengo wa mphamvu umadalira kwambiri pa kusintha kwa mayendedwe kuposa pa makilomita. Mfundo imeneyi, delta-v, ndi yofunika kwambiri pa Navigator.
A mapeto scale nkhani: bokosi la asteroid, nthawi zambiri amasungidwa ngati malo ozungulira a ma rocks, ndi otsika kwambiri kuti ndege za kunyanja zimapitako popanda zochita zosafunikira. Kumbali ina, Kuiper belt ya Neptune ndi yovuta kwambiri.
Pitani
Sankhani galimoto yoyendetsayo kuti ipite pa liwiro la 1× ndipo dinani 'Yandikirani pa liwiro la dzuwa'. Onani nthawi ya dzuwa pamene mukufika padziko lapansi: pafupifupi mphindi 8 ndi masekondi 20. Musanawone tebulo, ganizirani nthawi yomwe ulendowu umatenga kupita ku Neptune, kenako onani.
Great. Mavuto ndi pamene kuphunzira amadula.
Chifunso chofulumira
3 mafunso ofulumira. Sankhani yankho kuti muwone ngati muli bwino.
-
Ngati dzuwa linali 1 mita yozungulira, kodi dziko lapansi lidzakhala lotani?
- A A mpira
- B A grapefruit
- C Malinga ndi 9 mamilimita, monga peas
- D Pafupifupi 1 millimeter
Onani yankho
C. Malinga ndi 9 mamilimita, monga peas The Sun is about 109 times wider than Earth, so 1 m ÷ 109 ≈ 9 mm.
-
Pamenepo, kodi dziko lapansi lidzakhala liti kumbali ya 1 mita kuchokera ku dzuwa?
- A Pafupifupi 1 mita
- B Za 10 mita
- C Pafupifupi 107 mita
- D Pafupifupi 1 makilomita
Onani yankho
C. Pafupifupi 107 mita 1 AU ndi pafupifupi 107.5 Sun mamita, choncho dziko lapansi lidzakhala peas pa mtunda wa mpira wa mpira.
-
N’chifukwa chiyani zithunzi zambiri za Solar System zimasonyeza kuti maplaneti ali pafupi?
- A Chifukwa iwo ndithudi ali pafupi
- B Chifukwa pa scale yachilungamo maplaneti angakhale otsika kwambiri kuti awonedwe patsamba
- C Chifukwa cha zithunzizi zimasonyeza kuti maplaneti ali pafupi kwambiri
- D Chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa mpweya
Onani yankho
B. Chifukwa pa scale yachilungamo maplaneti angakhale otsika kwambiri kuti awonedwe patsamba
Kumaliza
- Anasewera ndi interactive
- Onani nkhaniyo
- Kodi chida
- Yatenga chidziwitso
Sankhani mfundo yomaliza kuti muyisungire pa chipangizo chanu.
Kuphunzira kwatha.
Kumanja Masiku ndi zaka padziko lililonseMawu m’chifundochi
Zolemba
- NASA NSSDCA Planetary Fact Sheet (diameters, distances)
- JPL SSD: Approximate Positions of the Planets (semi-major axes)
- NASA NSSDCA: Schoolyard Solar System scale model
Maphunzirowa ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito CC BY-SA 4.0.