Neptune

Ininzi imifanekiso yenkqubo yelanga ithetha ubuxoki. Ukufaka kwiphepha, iiplanethi zicinezelwe kunye kwaye ziqhutywa phezulu kubungakanani. Yiya kuyo ngexabiso elinyanzelekileyo kwaye ufunde i-star yesiqhelo seshow: isithuba esingenanto.

Inkqubo yelanga iquka isithuba esingasebenziyo, kwaye esi sithuba singasebenziyo yimbali yonke.

Bona

Imifanekiso emininzi yenkqubo yelanga icinezela iiplanethi ndawonye njengee-beads kumsonto, kwaye zizobe zibukhali kakhulu. Kufuneka: kwiskala eliyinyaniso, iphepha liya kuba lingenanto ngokupheleleyo.

Khangela kuqala: ukuba ilanga libhola yebala lelwandle, umhlaba uzakuba kude kangakanani na? Inyathelo? Igumbi? Isitrato?

Isitrato. With the Sun as a 1-metre ball, Earth is a 9 mm pea about 107 metres away: roughly the length of a football pitch. Gcina lo mfanekiso kwingqondo yakho xa usiya.

Ukuhamba kweSkala ngasentla kuzotywe kwi isikali senyaniso: ubungakanani kunye nemigama kwinxalenye efanayo. I-pixel nganye ojikelezisa ngayo ithatha 3,000 km. Rolela ngaphakathi kwesiqendu, nqakraza Ihlabathi Elilandelayo, okanye cofa iplanethi kwimaphu yokuhamba phezulu.

• Imaphu yokuhamba kufuneka ilinganiswe kwakhona. Umgca omhlophe ukho wena. Qaphela ukuba ilanga kunye neeplanethi ezine ezingaphakathi zihamba ngaphaya kweendawo eziphezulu ekhohlo.
• I-odometer ibala iikhilomitha kunye nexesha elifunekayo lilanga ukuba lifike apho ukhona khona.
• Xa umisa phantsi kwehlabathi, ikhamera iyatshixa kwaye ijonge ngaphakathi (ubungakanani obuphezulu buboniswe kufutshane nebar yeskala), kwaye ikhadi lithetha ukuba ngaba ukhona.
• Ihlabathi, iglobhu enemigama eyi-12,742 km, imalunga nee-pixels ezijikelezayo ezingama-50,000 ukusuka kwilanga. INeptune imalunga nezigidi ezili-1.5 ze-pixels kude.

Qaphela ukuba uninzi lwendlela lumnyama kuphela, ngemigca emibini yolwazi oluhamba phambili. Le yinkqubo yelanga eyanele: ihlabathi elincinci elixhotyiswe ngendawo engenanto.

Ukuqonda

Imodeli yomlinganiselo ihlula ubude ngamanani afanayo. Apha inani liyi 3,000: i-3,000 km yendawo ebonakalayo ivela kwi-1 pixel.

Ihlabathi	Ubukhulu bokwenyani	Umngxunya kwi-1 px = 3,000 km	Umhlathi	Kwisikali esilandelayo
Ilanga	1,391,400 km	464 px	0	0
Ihlabathi	12,742 km	4 px	149.6 yezigidi zeekhilomitha	49.866 px
Jupiter	139,822 km	47px	778.3 yezigidi zeekilomitha	259.437 px
Neptune	49,244 km	16px	4,498 yezigidi zeekilomitha	1,499,000 px

Uthelekiso olusebenzayo lusebenzisa i Sun njengebhola ye-1-meter. Divide everything by the Sun’s diameter (1.39 million km):

• Ihlabathi li-9 mm i-pea, 107 m kude.
• IJupiter yi10 cm i-grapefruit, 560 m kude.
• I-Neptune yi-3.5 cm yemarble, 3.2 km kude.
• Inkwenkwezi ekufuphi kakhulu, iProxima Centauri, iya kuba enye ibhola malunga ne-29,000 km kude: ngaphezulu kweengxenye ezimbini zendlela ejikeleza ihlabathi.

Zama ukulawula ngokuzenzekelayo kwi 1×, isantya sangempela sokukhanya. Ushenxisa ii-pixels ezili-100 ngomzuzwana, eziva ihamba ngesantya esiphantsi kwisikrini. Real sunlight really does need 8 minutes to reach Earth and more than 4 hours to reach Neptune. Izicwangciso ezikhawulezayo zicinezela ixesha, hayi umgama: i-autopilot iyaqhubeka nebrashi kwaye iphumle kwihlabathi ngalinye.

Khangela kuqala: ukurola ngevili le mouse, ngaba uhamba ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokucothayo kunelanga?

Ikhawuleza kakhulu. I-scrolling ekhawulezayo ithatha amawaka eekhilomitha ngesekondi, rhoqo ngamaxesha alishumi okanye ngaphezulu kwesantya sokukhanya; ufundo lwesantya phantsi kweodomethi lubonisa oko. Nakuba kunjalo, iiplanethi zangaphandle zithatha ixesha elide ukufikela. Le yindawo enkulu kakhulu apho umgama ukhona.

Umphathi

Uxinzelelo oluhlukileyo luguqula iidiagram eziqhelekileyo: isikali ubungakanani nesikali umgama. Uthelekiso lomgama phakathi kwelanga neNeptune (4.5 × 10⁹ km) nobubanzi behlabathi (1.27 × 10⁴ km) bumalunga nama-350,000. Isikrini esiphezulu se 1,000 pixels singagqiba umqolo we malunga ne 1,000, ngoko akukho mfanekiso omnye oqinileyo ungabonisa zombini iiplanethi kunye nokungafani kwabo. Ubungakanani obusebenza ngokuthe ngqo, ama-axis e-logarithmic okanye imodeli yobude bokuhamba njengele nto zizinto ezilungileyo kuphela.

Leyo ke isizathu sokuba i-orery kule ndawo ibonelela ngeendlela ezimbini. Umlinganiselo ofundwayo uxinana umgama ngesiseko esikwere (r_screen ∝ √r) kwaye uzoba iiplanethi kubungakanani obucacileyo obufundekayo. Umlinganiselo oqinisekileyo uhamba ngokuthe tye kumlinganiselo nomgama, ngoko iiplanethi zincipha zibe zii-pixels ezingaphantsi.

Ukungabikho komhlaba kubangela izizathu zokubhabha elwandle. Ukuhamba phakathi kweeplanethi akufana nokuqhuba phakathi kwemijikelo: iiplanethi zihamba, imigama ikhulu kakhulu, kwaye iindleko zesichumiso zixhomekeke ngakumbi kutshintsho lwesantya kunokuba kumgama. Lo mnqweno, delta-v, ukwisiseko sendlela yoLawulo.

Inyathelo lokugqibela lokulinganisa: i-asteroid belt, ehlala iboniswe njengendawo egcweleyo yezityalo, iyancipha kakhulu ukuba iinqwelo zesibhakabhaka ziyidlulise ngaphandle kweenkqubo ezikhethekileyo. I-Kuiper belt engaphezulu kweNeptune ihlala ingasebenzi.