Le ncwadi yabhalwa ngu Local Solar System Iqela le-Fundamente lilungu kwaye lingaphuculwa ngumvavanyi oqeqeshiweyo. Ingaba uqeqeshiwe kulo mxholo?
Orrery
Vula iphepha elipheleleyoInkqubo yelanga, ngoku. Iplanethi nganye ikwindawo yayo ngaphambili, eyenziwe ukusuka kwi NASA JPL's formulas. Nqakraza ukudlala kwaye ixesha likhawuleza, ukuze ukwazi ukubona iiplanethi zijikeleza ilanga: xa iplanethi ifutshane nelanga, iyahamba ngokukhawuleza. Cofa nayiphi na ihlabathi ukulibaleka kwaye uyibone ijika.
Zama oku
Isikali esifundekayo: iiplanethi zizotywe zidibene kakhulu kunezi kwelinye icala kwaye umgama ucinezelwe, ngoko ke iplanethi nganye iyafana kwisikrini. Tshintsha kwi sikali senyaniso ukubona ubuxoki bokwenyani bendawo.
Indlela yokusetyenziswa kwayo
- Bona ngaphaya
- Rhuqa ujikelezise imboniselo. Rolela, cindezela okanye sebenzisa izitshixo ze + ne - ukuzoba.
- Khetha ihlabathi
- Cofa okanye nqakraza kwiplanethi ukuwela kuyo uze uyilandele. Uzakubona ukuba ibekwe kuphi ukusuka eMhlabeni nakwihlabathi, kwaye ijikeleze njani ngokukhawuleza. Amaqhosha esalathisi ahamba ukusuka kwiplanethi ukuya kwiplanethi; Escape okanye iqhosha ngasentla libuyela umva kwinkqubo yonke.
- Ixesha
- Dlala iqhuba ixesha phambili kwisantya esikhethiweyo. Khetha nayiphi na umhla, okanye yenza inkqubo ngeesalathisi ecaleni kwayo. Ngoku ibuyisela kuwe kumhla okhoyo.
- I-Scale
- Isithuba sikhulu kakhulu ukuba akukho mboniselo ingabonisa zombini iiplanethi kunye namafutshane phakathi kwazo ngexabiso elinyanzelekileyo. Ixabiso elifundwayo linyusa iiplanethi kwaye licinezela amafutshane; ixabiso elinyanzelekileyo libonisa zombini njengoko zinjalo ngokwenene.
Uthelekiso lweehlabathi ezimbini
| Ihlabathi | Ilanga |
|---|
Itheyibhile yedata (umbhalo otshintshiyo)
| Ihlabathi | Umhlathi | Ixesha lokuhamba kwelanga ukusuka kwilanga | I-Ecliptic longitude |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury | 0.4457 okanye | 3 min 42 s | 292° |
| Venus | 0.7261 okanye | 6 min 2 s | 7.35° |
| Ihlabathi | 0.9988 okanye | 8 min 18 s | 16.1° |
| I-Mars | 1.569 okanye | 13 min 3 s | 89.6° |
| Jupiter | 5.307 okanye | 44 min 8 s | 132° |
| Saturn | 9.432 okanye | 1 h 18 min | 11.2° |
| Uranus | 19.43 okanye | 2 h 42 min | 62.8° |
| Neptune | 29.88 okanye | 4 h 8 min | 2.69° |
Iindawo zeplanethi zisebenzisa iJPL's eqine ifomula, ezichanekileyo malunga nemizuzu emibini ye-arc phakathi kwe-3000 BC kunye ne-3000 AD.
Khangela phezulu ngobusuku obucacileyo kwaye yonke inkwenkwezi ongayibona ngamehlo akho emele enye igalaxi, i Milky Way. Uhlala kwibhola ejikelezayo yelitye, ijikeleza inkwenkwezi enye eqhelekileyo phakathi kwezigidigidi. Eli nqaku lifumana ngokuchanekileyo apho.
Yonke inkwenkwezi ongayibona ngamehlo akho emele iNkqubo yeMnyama.
Bona
Uhlale ngaphandle ngobusuku obucacileyo. Umhlaba phantsi kweenyawo zakho yinxalenye yebhola eqinileyo enesithuba se-12,742 km. Le bhola, ihlabathi, ijikeleza kabini ngosuku kwaye iqhuba malunga nenye inkwenkwezi, ilanga, kabini ngonyaka.
Ilanga likhulu kakhulu ukuba malunga nezigidi ezi-1.3 zehlabathi ziya kubekwa ngaphakathi kwayo. Inzima kakhulu ukuba igcina ngaphezu kweyodwa yonke i-mass yezinto zonke ezijikelezayo: iiplanethi, amanyanga, iiplanethi ezincinci, iiplanethi ezincinci kunye nee kometa. Ngokudibanisa, ilanga kunye nento yonke egcinwe ngumthwalo wayo yindawo Ulawulo lwelanga.
Kwi-orery ephezulu, incopho emthubi entshonalanga yilanga. Cofa Dlala kwaye ujonge iplanethi ehamba. Iplanethi ifutshane nelanga, iyahamba ngokukhawuleza:
- Mercury ithatha iintsuku ezili-88.
- Ihlabathi lithatha unyaka omnye.
- I-Neptune, iplanethi ekufuphi kakhulu, ithatha malunga neminyaka eyi-165.
Inkqubo yethu yelanga yenye yeezigidigidi zenkqubo yeenkwenkwezi kwispiralelo enkulu yeenkwenkwezi ebizwa ngokuba yi Milky Way. Ngobusuku obumnyama kakhulu ungalibona njengebhanti ekhanyayo ephazamisayo ejikeleze ilanga. Yonke inkwenkwezi ongayibona ngamehlo akho, imele kuyo.
Ukuqonda
Umgama kwisithuba ukhulu kakhulu ukuba iikhilomitha ziye zaziva zinzima, ngoko abaphengululi belanga basebenzisa abalawuli abakhulu.
Iyunithi ye-astronomic (au) imalunga nomgama ophakathi phakathi kwehlabathi nelanga. Ngowama-2012 ixabiso liyi: 149,597,870,700 metres, malunga nezigidi ezili-149.6 km. Ngenye indlela, inkqubo yelanga ibonakala ngokulula:
| Ihlabathi | Umhlathi |
|---|---|
| Mercury | 0.39 okanye |
| Ihlabathi | 1.00 okanye |
| Jupiter | 5.2 okanye |
| Neptune | 30.1 okanye |
Ixesha lelanga lixesha elifunekayo ukuba ilanga ligubungele umgama. Ukukhanya kuhamba nge 299,792 km ngomzuzwana, ngoko:
ixesha = umgama ÷ ukhawuleziso lokukhanya
For 1 au: 149,597,871 km ÷ 299,792 km/s ≈ 499 s, or 8 minutes 19 seconds. Xa ujonge ilanga (ungayiboni ngokuthe ngqo, iyakulahla amehlo akho), uyabona ukukhanya okushiya malunga nemizuzu esibhozo eyadlulayo. Ilanga lithatha ngaphezulu kweeyure ezine ukufinyelela kwiNeptune.
Iminyaka yokukhanya yindawo ejikeleza kuyo ukukhanya ngonyaka omnye: malunga ne-9.46 trillion km, okanye i-63,241 au. Inkwenkwezi ekufuphi kakhulu emva kwelanga, iProxima Centauri, imalunga neminyaka emi-4.2 yokukhanya kude. Indlela yeMilky imalunga ne100,000 yeminyaka yokukhanya ngokuthe ngqo.
Umphathi
I-au yasetyenziswa ukulinganiselwa: yayichazwa ngegaussian gravitational constant, ngoko ubude bayo ngamamitha kwakuyinani ababhali beencwadi zobunzulu bomhlaba babefuna ukulimisela. I-radar ejikeleza iVenus kunye nenqwelo yokuhamba ngeenyawo kwikhulu leshumi elinesithathu liyityhila phantsi ukuya kumamitha ambalwa. Ngo-2012 iNkomfa yezoBunzululwazi yasehlabathini yayenza ibe yinani elimiselweyo (Isigqibo B2), ngoko ke i-au ngoku iyiyunithi, njengemitha.
Esinokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo namhlanje yiparamitha yoxinzelelo lwelanga, GM☉ = 1.32712440041 × 10²⁰ m³ s⁻², ukusuka kwintshukumo yeplanethi kunye nenqwelo-moya. Umkhiqizo we G × M uziwa kakuhle kakhulu kune G okanye M kuphela, kuba iG yenye yezona zinto zihlala zikhona zincinci eziziwayo kwifizikhi. Le yisizathu sokuba i-orbital mechanics isebenze nge μ = GM jikelele, njengoko uya kubona kwindlela yokuhamba.
Iingxaki ezibini ezisebenzayo:
- Umgama wehlabathi awuzinzi. Umjikelo wehlabathi une-eccentricity malunga ne-0.0167, ngoko umgama wayo kwilanga usuka kumawaka angama-147.1 eekhilomitha (kuqala kukaJanuwari, iperihelion) ukuya kumawaka angama-152.1 eekhilomitha (kuqala kukaJulayi, i-aphelion). Iinyanga zexesha azikho zibangela le nto: uJanuwari ngunyaka obandayo kwihlabathi elingasentla. Isizathu esinyanzelekileyo siquka iSiseko sexesha.
- Light-time is a real engineering limit. A radio command to a rover on Mars takes between about 3 and 22 minutes one way, depending on where both planets are in their orbits. Iinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya ezide kufuneka zikwazi ukusebenzela ngokwazo.
Zama
Kwibhokisi, cwangcisa umhla wokuzalwa wakho olandelayo. Ihlabathi lithelekiswa nini namhlanje? Ngoku fumana umhla xa ihlabathi lifutshane kakhulu nelanga (kuqala kukaJanuwari) kwaye ujonge umgama kwitheyibhile yothelekiso.
Iingxaki zikhona apho ukufunda kuqhekeka khona.
Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo
3 imibuzo ekhawulezayo. Khetha impendulo ukuze ubone ukuba ulungile na.
-
Ixesha elingakanani ilanga lithatha ukudlula emhlabeni?
- A 8 imizuzwana
- B 8 imizuzu 20 imizuzwana
- C 8 iiyure
- D 8 Iintsuku
Bonisa impendulo
B. 8 imizuzu 20 imizuzwana Ihlabathi liphakathi kweekhilomitha ezili-149.6 zezigidi ukusuka kwilanga kwaye ilanga lihamba ngeekhilomitha ezingama-299,792 ngasecaleni ngalinye, ngoko ke uhambo luthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-499.
-
Yintoni iyunithi enye ye astronomical (au)?
- A Ubungakanani bendawo yokugcina apha:
- B Ubungakanani bendawo yokugcina
- C Imalunga ne-149.6 yezigidi zeekilomitha, malunga nomgama ophakathi kwehlabathi noLwandle
- D Umhlathi
Bonisa impendulo
C. Imalunga ne-149.6 yezigidi zeekilomitha, malunga nomgama ophakathi kwehlabathi noLwandle Ukusuka ngo-2012 iau ichazwe njengemilinganiselo epheleleyo eyi-149,597,870,700.
-
Yintoni le nto igcina yonke i-mass yenkqubo yelanga?
- A Jupiter
- B Ilanga
- C Ihlabathi
- D Iiplanethi
Bonisa impendulo
B. Ilanga The Sun is about 1,000 times as massive as Jupiter and 333,000 times as massive as Earth.
Iilayini Ezigqibekileyo
- Idlala nge-interactive
- Funda isifundo
- Ukwenza isigqibo
- Uthathe isifundo
Phawula isifundo sencwadi eneenkcukacha egqityiweyo ukusigcina kwindlela yakho yokuqhubekeka kule sixhobo.
Isifundo sigqityiwe. Yenziwe kakuhle!
Phezulu Okulandelayo NeptuneAmagama kule ncwadi eneenkcukacha
IiNkqubo
- NASA NSSDCA Sun Fact Sheet
- NASA NSSDCA Planetary Fact Sheet
- JPL Solar System Dynamics: astrodynamic parameters (astronomical unit, speed of light)
- IAU 2012 Resolution B2 on the astronomical unit (IAU list of resolutions)
- NASA Science: Milky Way galaxy
Eli nqaku lilayisensiwe CC BY-SA 4.0.