Zvimwe mashoko ari mumitauro iyi anogona kunge ashandurwa nechigadzirwa chemachina uye anogona kusanganisira zvikanganiso. Kubatsira kuvandudzwa kwayo Ona chinyorwa chekutanga muChirungu
A plastic bag drifting under the sea surface.
Blue Initiative

Plastic pollution

Saka, chero chinhu chakagadzirwa neplastiki uye chisina kusvibiswa, chiripo, panzvimbo ipi neipi yepasi. Zvizhinji zvacho zvinoramba zvichirarama.

Plastic icho chinhu chinoita miedzo. Iine kusimba, yakachipa, yakasimba uye inodarika kuti isiri kukuvadzwa, izvo ndizvo chaizvo nei tichishandisa zvinhu zvese kubva kumasvikiro ezvehutano kusvika kune mapakeji akaomeswa, uye nei zviri kuita dambudziko. Idzi dzese dzinowanzoita kuti mvura irambe ichishanda kwenguva yakareba kana ichitengeswa. Zvisikwa hazvina enzymes izvo zvakachinja kuti zviite kuti zvidyane nyore.

Nei plastiki inoramba ichienderera

Plastics ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemvura, mvura yakachena uye gasi. Ruvara rwezuva uye mabwe anoparadza zvinhu izvi, asi kwete kuita chinhu chisina kukuvadza: bhokisi rinopararira muzvidimbu, zvidimbu zvinoparara muzvidimbu. microplastics zvidiki kupfuura maminetsi mana, uye avo mu nanoplastics shoma kwazvo kuona. Microplastics zvino havana kuwanikwa kubva kumahombekombe emvura yekunze kusvika kune matombo eArctic, muzvipfuyo, mumamvura ekunwa uye muropa remunhu.

A hundred of small white, blue and yellow plastic pellets scattered among twigs and grass on a beach.
Nurdles, idzi zhinji dzezvigadzirwa zveplastiki dzinogadzirwa nezvinorema zveplastiki, dzakasvibiswa pakati pemvura yegungwa. Zvimwe zvezvigadzirwa zvinokonzera kupararira kwe microplastics mumvura. Photo: hockadilly, CC BY-SA 2.0

Maitiro ekusvika kuguta

Nekudaro, chikamu chidiki cheplastiki yepasi rose icho chinodzoserwazve. Sezvo OECD, nyika yakagadzira 460 mamirioni ematani eplastiki mu2019 uye yakanda 353 mamirioni ematani. Vashoma chete 9 percent yezvicherwa izvi zvakadzoserwa kuhupenyu; 22 percent zvaishandiswa zvisina kufanira, zvichireva kuti zvakaiswa muvhu, zvakadyiwa kana kuti zvakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwazvo. Mahombekombe ndiwo mabhasikoro: plastiki anodonha panyika anotonhora mumvura, iyo inodzokera kumahombekombe uyezve kumahombekombe.

460 MBMazuva ano, 2019 (OECD, 2022)
9%of plasticplastic wastewaste was recycledrecycled (OECD, 2022)
19 kusvika 23 MBof plastic waste entered rivers, lakes and seas in 2016 (Borrelle et al., 2020)

Matunhu ane mari haasi akasununguka. Mediterranean inotora 1% yemvura yemuAfrica asi iine 7% yezvicherwa zvemabhakitiriya, uye mabhakitiriya anoita 43-51% ezvicherwa zvinosvibisa mahombekombe muGreek (World Oceans Fund).WWF, 2018). Yedu Kuongorora kwemvura pollution European Commission inoongorora marudzi emahombekombe anotakura zvakanyanya plastiki kumahombekombe uye inoratidza kuti sei ichiramba ichienderera mberi mumadziro eEurope uye mumahombekombewo.

A beach strewn with plastic nets, buoys, bottles and crates below a bare volcanic mountain, with a lonely figure standing on the rubbish.
Plastic yakakwira paSanta Luzia, iyo isina vanhu muCape Verde, muna 2021. Zviyo uye mabwe eAtlantic anounganidza mvura iyi kuchamhembe kwechitsuwa, asiwo dzimwe nguva inoparadzwa nezvinhu zvinosvibiswa nemhepo. Photo: CaptainDarwin, CC BY-SA 4.0

Zvinhu zvekutamba nechikepe ndezvimwe zvikonzero zvakasiyana. Zvinhu zvakarasikirwa kana kugara pasi semiti, matanda, makumbo uye zvipfuyo zvinoramba zvichitora zvekudya, zvidhori, mvura yechikepe nezvisikwa zvemusango kwemakore, icho chinonzi ghost fishing, uye chinoita kuti pave nechikamu chakakura cheplastiki inofamba mumadziro ekunze.

![A sea turtle caught in a tangle of green fishing net on a rocky shore.](../../../assets/initiatives/ghost-net-turtle-noaa.jpg “Mumwe mushonga wechikepe wakashandiswa kubvisa mvura yakaoma kubva panzvimbo yechikepe, asi ichizoramba ichibuda nemvura yakaoma.” Kubhadhara: NOAA”)

Kudzoreredza ndeimwe yenzira dzekupedzisira dzekudzivirirwa. Chimwe chinhu chikuru ndechekuti hapana chatinogona kuita kuti tiite mvura yakaipa.

Iyo invisible chikamu: zviwanikwa

Plastic chinhu chinowanzova nepolymer yakachena. Vagadziri vanowedzerawo zvinhu zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvive zvakaomarara, zvinodzivirira moto, zvinopenya uye zvinochengetera mvura, uye dzimwe dzezvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvinogona kubuda. Zvimwe, semuenzaniso, zvinenge zvakasiyana neftalate uye bisphenols, zvinokanganisa hormones uye zvinorambidzwa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana. Science pamusoro pekusvika kwavo kwezuva nezuva kuratidzwa kuri kuramba kuchivandudza, izvo zvinopa chikonzero chekuchengeteka.

Yakanyatso gadzirirwa mhinduro

Zvinoratidzawo kuti zvinodawo matanho ekuti zvinhu zveplastiki zvive nesimba pakutanga, uye mamwe acho achiri kushanda munyika yose:

  1. Charge for single-use bags, or ban them. England’s charge on single-use carrier bags, introduced in 2015, has been one of the fastest behaviour changes on record: the main supermarkets handed out 7.6 billion single-use bags in 2014, and sold 126 million in 2025 to 2026, a fall of 98 percent (UK government). Ireland yakaunza 15 cent yekubhadhara paplastiki mabhegi mu2002, uye mari inoenda kumisikidza zvirongwa zvinoderedza mvura; chikamu chemabhegi eplastiki muIrish ruzha chakaderera ne kupfuura 92 muzana since then (Guta reIreland; Convery et al., 2007). Rwanda yakarambidza mabhegi eplastiki mu2008 uye yakaita kuti zvive nyore kutevedzera danho iri, izvo zvaita kuti izivikanwe senyika inotungamira munyaya iyi.Chivabvu, 2021).
  2. Kudzoka kwemari yekuisa mari. Kubhadhara mari shoma yekuti uenderere mberi nekuisa mari pazvibhorani nemiti kunoshandura zvinhu zvisingaite kuita mari, saka zvinodzokera kumahombekombe. MuNorwegia, 92.4 percent ye deposit plastic bottles yakadzoserwa kune yavo deposit mu2025, uye 98.2 percent yakanga yaunganidzwa zvakapetwa (Infinitum yegore redzidzo 2025). Lithuania yakatanga chirongwa ichi muna 2016: pamusoro pechipiri chemabhoti eplastiki akaunganidzwa pamberi pake, uye 91.9 muzana emabhatiri ekuchengetera akadzokera kumagumo e2017, gore rekutanga chete kwechirongwa ichi, zvichienderana nedata remushandisi (Open Access Government, 2018). MuGermany, zvibhodhoro uye mabhokisi ekushandisa kamwe chetewo anotakura dhipoziti, uye kubvira 2006 chero bhizinesi rinotengesa izvi rinoda kudzokera kumashure kune zvakasara zveiyo material (DPG).
A bottle and can return machine set in a tiled wall in a Norwegian supermarket, under a red sign reading Miljøstasjon.
A return machine for bottles and cans in a Coop Extra supermarket at Osøyro, Norway, in 2018. Kana chigadzirwa chacho chakaiswa mubhokisi, chinobhadhara mari yake. Photo: Wolfmann, CC BY-SA 4.0
  1. Vagadziri vabhadhare. Zvirongwa zvekusimudzira hutano hwevanhu zvinobhadharisa mabhizimisi mari yekuunganidza uye kudzokorora kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvavo, izvo zvinovakurudzira kushandisa zvishoma uye kuita zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kudzokororwa kushandiswa. Chikonzero ichi chinotsigirwa nedata: ongororo ye1,576 brand audits yakaitwa nevashandi vechisimba munyika 84 yakawana kuti chikamu chekambani chekugadzirwa kweplastiki kupararira kunokwira mune inowirirana nechikamu chayo chekugadzira plastiki, uye kuti hafu yezvinhu zvese hazvina brand zvachose, chimwe chinhu chinogona kuita kuti vagadziri vatore ruzivo nezve izvo zvavanotengesa (Cowger et al., 2024).
  2. Kuunganidza zvese. Kune mamirioni evanhu hapana kuunganidzwa kwemvura yakasviba zvachose. Kuumba basa rekuti zvinhu zvisvibiswe uye kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekuti tikwanise kumisa plastiki ichisvika kumahombekombe.
A young man with a bike loaded with a large black sack of collected plastic stands on a rubbish dump under a cloudy sky.
Murume mudiki ane bisiketi rakatorwa nechibage chemapurasitiki akaunganidzwa achitarisa pasi pezuva risina kupisa. Munyika dzakawanda, vanhu vasingazivikanwe sezvaaita iye vanounganidza zvikamu zvakawanda zveplastiki icho chinodzoserwazve. Photo: Andrew Kartende, CC BY-SA 4.0
  1. A global treaty. Manyika anomirira United Nations ari kuwirirana kuti pave nechibvumirano chinobata mutemo chekubvisa matambudziko eplastiki kubva pakugadzirwa kwayo kusvika pakuparadzwa kwayo.

Mufananidzo uyu unoratidzika zvakanaka. Kana iyo yakachipa uye nyore sarudzo iriwo yakasimba, vanhu vazhinji vanotora iyo, uye shanduko inoita seyakaomarara.

Masangano ari kuita izvi

Izvi zvisiri zvemari zvine ongororo yezvematongerwo enyika yezvavanowana. Tarisa kuti chii chavanoita, uye kana basa ravo richitaura kwauri, funga nezvekupa kuvari kuburikidza newebsite dzavo. Local Solar System Foundation haina kumbova nehukama nadzo uye haisi kuwana chero chinhu kubva kwadzo. Pashure pekupa, verenga ramangwana regore resangano uye accounts, sezvaungaita nechero charity.

  • Ocean Conservancy) isangano reUS risingabatsiri (501(c)(3)) iro rinotungamira International Coastal Cleanup. Sezvo yakatanga, kupfuura 19 miriyoni vanozvipira vakaunganidza pamusoro pe400 mamirioni emapaundi (maererano ne180,000 tons) ezvimedu, uye vakanyora yega yega yezvinhu pazvinyorwa zvedata zvinoenderana, vachigadzira iyo hombe data remari yekucheka (Ocean Conservancy).
  • 5 Gyres Institute) ndeimwe yezvirongwa zveUS zvisina kubhadharwa (501 (c) (3)) zvakavakwa nevanhu vanotsvakurudza Marcus Eriksen naAnna Cummins. Eriksen akatungamira dzidzo iyo yakaita yekutanga global estimation yezvikepe zvepasi rose, zvinopfuura 5 trillion pieces (Eriksen et al., 2014), uye iyo Institute yakatungamira chirongwa che #BanTheBead chakabatsira kutevedzera Microbead-Free Waters Act yeUnited States ye2015.
  • Plastic Soup Foundation is a Dutch charity with public-benefit (ANBI) status, founded in 2011. Inokurudzira EU uye masimba epasi rose ekuchengetedza plastiki, ine app iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uone kana muzvigadzirwa zvemakemikari paine microplastics, uye yakabatsira kuvhura tsvakurudzo yekutanga pamusoro pehutano hwemicroplastics muna 2018.
A sea turtle swimming next to a floating plastic bag.
Sea turtles can mistake floating bags for jellyfish, one of their natural foods.

Maitiro ekubatsira

  • Refuse, then reuse. Kutakura mukombe, chipo uye bhokisi. The most effective plastic ndiyo imwe yakanga isina kugadzirwa.
  • Kutenga kusvibiswa uye refill. Choose kubuda maruva uye zvikafu, refill shops uye zvigadzirwa muglass, metal kana pepa apo ivo vanoita pfungwa.
  • Zvidzivirire zvasingagone kudzoserwa: mabhokisi emapurasitiki, zvipo zvemavara akawanda, polystyrene uye chero chinhu chinonzi chinogona kugadzirwazve kana kuti compostable kana kuti hapana nzvimbo yacho ine michina yekuvaka compost.
  • Tarirai kuti muzvimbati hadzina mabhakitiriya. Shandisai zvipfeko zvinogadzirwa nevanhu, zvakasviba uye zvisina kupisa, uye funga nezvekushandisa chivharo chemashini ekugezera; edzai kubvisa zvinhu zvepanyama zvine mabhakitiriya.
  • Pick up three. Take three pieces of litter from a beach, a park or a riverbank every time you visit. Ichiwedzera.
  • Taurirana neguta rako uye nemashopu ako. Taurirana nezvekuchengetera-kudzoka zvirongwa, zvevanhu zvinopisa madziro emvura uye refill sarudzo. Kubvunza makambani kuti aratidze kuti vanotengesa mapepa emhando ipi uye kuti vanounganidza marii.
  • Join us. Kubatsira kushandura izvi zvinotsanangura kana mapikicha enzvimbo yeplastiki data pa contribution board.

Zvimwe zvinokosha zvekuverenga