Inã rantsuwa da sama da mai aukõwa da dare.

A duk tarihin dan Adam mutane sun yi kallo kuma suka ga wannan sararin samaniya da muke zaune a ciki. A yau mutum daya daga cikin uku a kan ƙasa ba za su iya ganin Milky Way daga gida ba. Wannan littafin yana koya maka karatun sama, kuma ka fahimci abin da muke rasa.

Sama ita ce littafi mafi daɗewa a can. Hasken mummunar iskar yana rufe shi.

Look

Ka dũba zuwa sama zã ka ga taurãri gõma shã biyu. Daga wani wuri mai duhu, da nĩsa daga kõwane gari, za ka iya ganin dubu-dubatarsu, kuma hanya ta malã’iku tanã shimfiɗa a cikin sama kamar girgije.

Wannan bambanci shine tashin haske: hasken halitta wanda ke gudu zuwa sama kuma yana sanya sama ta yi haske. Kuma lalle ne, Shi, Yanã shãfe hasken taurãri mãsu fãɗi.

Ka ja slider a cikin kayan aiki daga 1 (a wurin da yake da duhu sosai) zuwa 9 (gari na ciki). “Kuma waɗancan taurãri na gaskiya ne: sun zo daga wani littafin taurãri 9,000 ko kuma mafi haske a cikin sama.” Ka dũba yadda yawa suka ɓace.

Wannan bai zama game da kallon taurãri kawai ba. Kuma hasken dare yanã shafar dabbõbi waɗanda suke yin tafiya a cikin duhu ko kuma suna yin farauta, kuma yana ɓatar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar haskake sama a matsayin ƙasa. Wannan yana haɗi zuwa Red Initiative da kuma Light Initiative don kiyaye sama ta dare.

Understand

Astronomers measure brightness with magnitudes. Wannan shi ne wani ma’aunin da yake a baya: haske taurãri suna da adadi kaɗan.

• Sirius, mafi haske taurari a dare, ne kusan -1.5.
• Mafi duhu taurãri mafi yawan mutane za su iya ganin daga wani wuri mai duhu ne kusan girman 6 zuwa 7.
• A cikin birni, iyaka na iya zama girma 4 ko kuma mafi haske.

Skalin Bortle, wanda aka wallafa ta mai binciken sararin samaniya John Bortle a cikin 2001, ya raba sama zuwa nau’i-nau’i tara. star name

Bortle class	Description	star name
1	Excellent dark site	7.6 zuwa 8.0
3	sama na ƙauye	6.6 zuwa 7.0
5	Sama ta Suburban	5.6 zuwa 6.0
7	Suburban/urban transition	4.6 zuwa 5.0
9	Iner-city sky	4.0 a mafi kyawun

Kuma idan ka canza girman taurãri, sai su zama mafi karancin haske daga waɗanda suke a cikin sama. A cikin Yale catalog, akwai kimanin taurãri 5,000 waɗanda suke mafi haske daga girman 6, amma kusan 500 kawai ne ke da haske fiye da girman 4.

A 2016 duniya atlas ya gano cewa fiye da 80% na mutane, da kuma fiye da 99% na mutanen Amurka da Turai, suna rayuwa a karkashin sama mai haske.

Master

Magnitude is logarithmic. star name

m₁ − m₂ = −2.5 · log₁₀(F₁ / F₂)

A bambanci na 5 magnitudes ne daidai da wani ma’aunin na 100 a cikin gudu, don haka daya magnitude ne wani ma’aunin na 100^(1/5) ≈ 2.512.

Me ya sa ƙidãyar taurãri take ɗẽmuwa? Idan an raba taurãri daidai a cikin sararin samaniya, duk da haske iri ɗaya, adadin waɗanda suke mafi haske daga girman m zai karu kamar 10^(0.6 m): kusan sau huɗu fiye da taurãri ga kowane girma mai raɗaɗi. Galaxies na gaskiya ba daidai ba ne, don haka gani girma ne mafi ƙaranci, a kusa da sau uku a kowace girma kusa da iyaka na fuskar tsiya. Za ka iya duba shi da adadin katalogu cikin jadawalin bayanan kayan aiki.

Sky glow adds a background of its own brightness. Wani taurari yana gani kawai idan ya bayyana da kyau a kan wannan bango, don haka sama mai haske tana ɗaukar girman iyaka. The Bortle limits are rough observer-based ranges, not a physical law, and your own result depends on your eyes, dark adaptation and the weather.

Abin da yake aiki a kan gurɓatar haske, bisa ga dokokin hasken DarkSky International: haske kawai abin da ke buƙatar haske, kawai lokacin da ya buƙaci shi, ba mai haske fiye da yadda ake buƙata ba, yana nuna ƙasa tare da cikakken kariya, kuma cikin launuka masu zafi (mafi ƙarancin haske mai launi, wanda ke rarrabawa a cikin yanayi).