Ena a mabungwewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi makina ndipo angapereke zosagwirizana. Kuthandiza kukulitsa izo Werengani Chingelezi choyamba
NASA's Mod-1 wind turbine ikukhala pa hilltop ku Boone, North Carolina, mu 1979.
Green Initiative

Mafuta ndi mafuta ochokera kuzinthu zina

Pamenepo, pamakhala nkhani yosadziwika ya kilawati-ola iliyonse: migodi, fakitale, chimney kapena blade.Kuyerekezera iwo mwanzeru ndi chithunzicho chikuwoneka bwino kuposa dera.

NASA Glenn Research Center

Mu 1979, NASA anasintha pa Mod-1, turbine yamphamvu yokhala ndi mabowo awiri ndi rotor ya 61 mita m’lifupi, pa phiri la North Carolina. Ndi imodzi mwa ma turbines akuluakulu a tsiku lake ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zoyamba kuti mphamvu ya upepo ikhale gawo lofunikira la gridi. Zaka zisanu zapitazo, mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi yotentha ndi njira zowonjezereka kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuti amvetse chifukwa chake, ndi zimene iwobe sangathe kuchita, amathandiza kuyerekezera zonse zochokera pazolinga zofanana.

M’moyo wonse, si kungoti chimney

Mafuta a m’madzi otentha sayenera kuikidwa pamalo otentha. Mafuta ndi mafuta achilengedwe amapangidwa ndi kuwonjezeredwa kwa mafuta, ndipo nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa ndi mafuta ena. Kuyerekezera kwa moyo wamoyo kumawonjezera zonsezi mpaka kilowatt-hour. Kuyang’ana kwa IPCC pa zigawo zambiri za phunziroli kumapatsa mndandanda wowonekera: kaboni imatulutsa pafupifupi 820 gramu ya CO2-equivalent per kilowatt-hour, gasi pafupifupi 490, pomwe mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi yotentha ndi pafupifupi 10 mpaka 25, ndipo ya dzuwa pafupifupi 40 mpaka 50.

Mphamvu yamagetsi imafotokoza nkhani ina. Kuwerengera kufa chifukwa cha ziwopsezo ndi kusefukira kwa mpweya pa unit yamagetsi, makaboni ndi mafuta ndi ovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chowononga iwo amadzaza mpweya ndi ma particulates. Ulemerero, mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi zowala ndizotetezeka nthawi zambiri.

820 gCO2-equivalent per kWh from coal, lifecycle median (IPCC AR5)
11 gCO2-equivalent per kWh from onshore wind (IPCC AR5)
24.6kuphedwa per TWh kuchokera kaboni, motsutsana 0.04 kwa upepo (Ufumu wathu m'malamulo)

Kodi aliyense chiyambi ndi bwino pa

  • Kaboni ndi gasi zingathe kusinthidwa pamene zofunikira, koma zimabweretsa ma emissions otsika kwambiri komanso kusefukira. Mafuta a m’madzi amatulutsa pafupifupi theka la CO2 poyerekeza ndi kaboni, ngakhale kuti kutuluka kwa methane kumachepetsa kusiyanaku.
  • Nuclear imayenda mosalekeza ndi zotulutsa zazing’ono kwambiri komanso malo otsika; ndi mtengo wochuluka komanso wothamanga kukhazikitsa, ndipo zinyalala ziyenera kuchitidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
  • Hydropower ndi yosinthika komanso yotsika-carbon, koma ma dams amawononga magombe a madzi ndi kusintha mtsinje.
  • Ulemerero ndi imodzi mwamagetsi atsopano otsika mtengo; imasiyana ndi nthawi yanyengo ndipo iyenera kukhala ndi malo, ma grids komanso, kuwonjezeka kwa kusungirako.
  • Solar ndi yotsika mtengo, yosinthika komanso imagwirizana ndi ma rooftops kuchokera ku mzinda mpaka nyumba yayikulu; siyipanga chilichonse usiku ndi pang’onopang’ono panthawi ya chilimwe.
Ma excavators awiri olemera a ma wheel-wheel m'migodi yotsegulira yamadzi, ndi midzi yamtengo wapatali komanso mndandanda wa turbines za dzuwa pamphepete mwa nyanja.
Ma excavator a wheel-bucket m'migodi ya Garzweiler yotsegulira lignit kumadzulo kwa Germany, 2019, ndi ma turbines amphamvu pamphepete mwa nyanja. Kwa kaboni, mbiri yosadziwika ya kilowatt-hour imayamba m'migodi monga iyi. Photo: Arne Müseler, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE

Palibe chofunikira chokha. Palibe zowonjezera zabwino ndi zosayenera, ndipo zowonjezerazi ndi zathu kuti tisankhe.

Chidutswa chosapezeka: kusinthika

Kulephera kwa dongosolo loyera lamagetsi sikuti limapanga mphamvu zokwanira panthawi yochuluka, koma kugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama ndi zosowa nthawi iliyonse. Ma batri, madzi otentha, ma grids apamwamba omwe amagawana mphamvu pakati pa mizinda, zosowa zomwe zimatsatira dzuwa ndi upepo, komanso malo otsika a kaboni onse amadzaza chitsekocho. Izi ndichifukwa chake tikufufuza chitukuko cha modulu chomwe chingakhalepo komwe mphamvu imagwiritsa ntchito, monga Fan Wall.

Zoyeserera zoyeserera: grids zomwe zasintha kale

Chitetezo chamagetsi sichimangokhala chiyembekezo. Madziko ambiri akonzanso mphamvu zawo zamagetsi m’zaka zingapo, ndipo aliyense wa iwo anagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe anali nazo: mpweya, madzi, kutentha kwa dziko lapansi kapena dzuwa. Zomwe zili pansipa ndi zigawo za kutulutsa kwamagetsi kwadziko lililonse, kuchokera ku Ember ndi Energy Institute monga momwe zimapangidwira ndi Our World in Data, ngati sichiperekedwanso chiyambi china.

  • Denmark: upepo kama backbone. Mafuta a fosifula adapanga 84 peresenti yamagetsi a Denmark mu 2000 ndi 11 peresenti mu 2024. Ma turbines amphamvu ya mphepo okha anapanga 58 peresenti, bioenergy pafupifupi chikwi, ndi dzuwa lakula kuchokera kwa pafupifupi chilichonse mpaka 11 peresenti kuyambira 2012.
  • Uruguay: kusintha kwa chaka chimodzi. Uruguay anali kutegemeza madzi ake ndi mafuta ndi gasi m’masiku otentha; mu 2008, mafuta a fosifula adapanga 39 peresenti yamagetsi ake. Wind grew from about 1 percent in 2013 to 32 percent in 2018. Ngakhale mu 2023, chaka chabwino kwambiri chotulutsa madzi, mafuta a fosifula adapanga pansi pa 8 peresenti, ndipo mu 2024 pafupifupi 1 peresenti.
  • Kenya: kutentha kuchokera ku Rift Valley. Kutentha kwa geothermal, kuchokera kumalo otentha m’munda wa Rift Valley, kunali 10 peresenti yamagetsi a Kenya mu 2000 ndi 45 peresenti mu 2024, kuposa ena onse. Ndi madzi, mpweya ndi dzuwa, pafupifupi zisanu za makumi asanu zamagetsi a Kenya amasinthidwa, kuchokera pa 40 peresenti mu 2000.
  • Scotland: zambiri kuposa zomwe zimafunikira. Scotland idapanga 38.4 TWh yamagetsi owonjezereka mu 2024, 30.1 TWh kuchokera ku upepo, ndipo idatumiza 19.7 TWh yamagetsi ku United Kingdom kuposa momwe idatumizira (Government ya Scottish, 2025).
  • United Kingdom: kumapeto kwa kaboni. Mu 2000, ma quarter atatu amagetsi aku Britain adachokera ku mafuta a fosifoloji; mu 2024 pafupifupi theka lachitatu lidachitika, ndipo upepo unali ndi 29 peresenti. Pamapeto kwa chaka cha 2024, Ratcliffe-on-Soar, yomaliza yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi, idatsegulidwa pambuyo pa zaka 50, zomwe zidapangitsa Britain kukhala dziko loyamba lomwe lidaletsa kuwononga kaboni kuti likhale ndi mphamvu (Government of the United Kingdom, 2024).
  • Brazil: madzi, ndiye mpweya ndi dzuwa. Hydropower yapereka mphamvu zambiri za Brazil kwa zaka zingapo. Kuyambira 2010, dziko lawonjezera mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi yotentha mwachangu: limodzi adapanga 24 peresenti yamagetsi ake mu 2024, kuchokera ku pafupifupi theka la peresenti mu 2010.
  • Costa Rica: pafupifupi zonse zowonjezereka. Hydro, geothermal ndi upepo wapereka kuposa 98 peresenti yamagetsi a Costa Rica chaka chilichonse kuyambira 2015.
  • Bangladesh: magetsi osagwiritsa ntchito grid. Madera ambiri ku Bangladesh anali osiyana ndi ma waya amagetsi. Kuyambira Januware 2003, kampani ya ndalama ya Bangladesh IDCOL, yomwe idayamba kuthandizidwa ndi Banki Yadziko Lonse, idalipira mayunitsi ang’onoang’ono a solar home system kwa odwala omwe ali m’madera opanda grid. Pa Januware 2019, pafupifupi mamiliyoni a 4.1 adayikidwa, ndikubweretsa mphamvu ya dzuwa kwa anthu opitilira 18 miliyoni, 12 peresenti ya anthu omwe anali kuwala nyumba zawo ndi ma lamps a kerosene (IDCOL).
Mphamvu ya madzi yofiira imachokera ku malo opanga mphamvu za geotermal m'mphepete mwa nyanja pansi pa dzuwa lowala.
Olkaria III geothermal power plant ku Naivasha, m'chigawo cha Rift Valley cha Kenya. M'madera ena, magetsi amagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuposa magalimoto ena. Photo: Bbossoxx, CC BY-SA 4.0

Chifukwa chake chidatsika mtengo: kuphunzira kwa kutalika

Chifukwa cha izi kusintha kwa m’mbuyomu ndi mtengo. A solar module mtengo pafupifupi 132 madola pa watt mu 1975 ndi 27 masenti mu 2024, m’mawu a lero: 99.8 peresenti yosavuta (Our World in Data). Economics akunena kuti chitsanzo kuphunzira curve: nthawi iliyonse pamene mphamvu yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi imawonjezeka, mtengo wa modulu umatsika ndi pafupifupi theka lachiwiri mpaka theka lachitatu, monga momwe mabizinesi akukulirakulira, zomangamanga zimasinthidwa komanso kugulitsa kumakula. Batire anatsatira yofanana njira. Lithium-ion ma cell amawononga pafupifupi 9,200 madola pa kilowatt-hour mu 1991 ndi 78 madola mu 2024, kuposa 99 peresenti pang’ono (Ritchie, Our World in Data), ndipo mtengo wopitilira muyeso wa batri yawonjezeka ndi 20 peresenti mu 2024 yekha, mpaka 115 madola pa kilowatt-hour (BloombergNEF, 2024).

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotsika mtengo kwambiri m’tsogolo ndi mphamvu zomwe tikugwiritsa ntchito pomanga. Pamenepo, pamakhala kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mtengo wotsika ndi mtengo wotsika.

Kupambana pa benchmark: kufunsa za maganizo

Kuyerekezera pamwambapa kuli ndi phunziro lodziwika bwino: njira iliyonse yatsopano yopanga kapena kupulumutsa mphamvu iyenera kukhala yopikisana ndi malo omwe kale ndi otsika mtengo komanso oyera. Pa nyumba, benchmark ndi khoma la dzuwa panel. Izi ndi zolimba kwambiri, ndipo ndi chifukwa chake tikufuna kuti anthu ambiri aziganizira za izi. Tikuyesera kufotokoza bwinobwino nkhani yathu ya Fan Wall, kuphatikizapo komwe tikulephera. Ndi imodzi mwazifukwa. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi kupeza njira zochitira zinthu moyenera: mphamvu za usiku komanso nthawi ya chilimwe, kutentha kwa nyumba ndi makampani, zitseko zokhala ndi anthu ambiri, komanso ma grids omwe amafuna kusinthidwa.

Mthunzi wa m'mphepete mwa mzinda wa ku Madrid, ndi nyumba zobiriwira ndi zofiira zamkati mwa mapiri ndi miyala yambiri.
Zomangamanga za Suburban ndi mapaneli a dzuwa ku Canberra, Australia. Pa nyumba, izi ndi benchmark aliyense mfundo yatsopano ali kugunda. Photo: Benlisquare, CC BY-SA 4.0

Tikufuna kumvetsera maganizo anu, ndipo pali njira ziwiri zimene mfundo zingathe kupita kuchokera pano.

  • A pitch amafuna ntchito model. Ena a anthu a Foundation angafune kulankhulana amene angamvetse mzere kwa mfundo yolimba. Kuti ayambe, mfundo iyenera kukhala yogwira ntchito, yachikhalidwe yomwe imapanga mphamvu, ndi kutulutsa kwake kumawerengedwa pa zida, osati zosavomerezeka. Prototype yokhala ndi kukula kwa kettle ndi mita yolembetsedwa imafotokoza zambiri kuposa chilichonse chojambula.
  • Maganizo a pulasitiki ndi ovomerezekanso. Mfundo yoyenera yopanda zida zingapo ikhoza kusindikizidwa pano patsamba lino ngati ndi yolimba: physics imayesedwa, mawerengedwe ndi olungama ndipo kuyesa kotsika mtengo ndi kowonekeratu. Izi ndi mmene zabwino maganizo kupeza anthu amene angachite iwo.

Kukhala otsimikiza za kusiyana: kuwonjezera ndalama popanda ntchito yogwira ntchito ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo palibe chomwe chimalonjeza ndalama, zobwezeredwa kapena ma introductions. Titha kulonjeza kuti tidzachita kafukufuku woyenera, wovomerezeka ndi wodalirika.

Nthawi iliyonse yosiyana, anafotokoza

Gawo lililonse limakhudza physics, zoletsa zolimba, ma projekiti anzeru ndi zotsatira zoyeserera, mtengo wotsutsana ndi dzuwa la rooftop, komanso zomwe prototype yogwira ntchito iyenera.

Zomwe zimafunikira kufufuzidwa

Izi ndi zizindikiro zoyamba ndi physics zazikulu m’mbuyo mwawo, aliyense ndi malire a chikhulupiriro ayenera kulemekeza. Gawo lililonse la radar limakhala ndi nkhani yake yoyamba, yomwe ili pansipa, yolemba ndi chilungamo chomwecho monga Fan Wall research yathu.

  • Mapepala a dzuwa omwe amagwira ntchito ziwiri. Facades, zoletsa mpweya, ma canopies a car-park ndi zikopa za canal zomwe zimapanga mphamvu poteteza kapena kuteteza china chake. Mapaneli a PV-thermal hybrid amawonjezera kutentha: pafupifupi 100 mpaka 700 kWh ya kutentha pa mita imodzi yozungulira chaka chilichonse pamwamba pamagetsi (IEA SHC Task 60, 2020). Mpaka ndi mwanga wa dzuwa yekha: pafupifupi 1 kW pa mita imodzi yaying’ono. Onani: zomera zokhala ndi dzuwa zomwe zimapanga kutentha.
  • Mafamu ndi ma reservoir omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa. Masystem a agrovoltaic adapangidwa kuti apange 35 mpaka 73 peresenti zambiri kuchokera pamalo osiyana kuposa zipatso zosiyanasiyana ndi mapaneli (Dupraz et al., 2011). Kuyenda kwa dzuwa pa 30 peresenti ya malo oyenera amadzi angapangitse pafupifupi 9,400 TWh chaka chilichonse, pafupifupi theka la mphamvu zamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi lero, ndikuchepetsa kusefukira (Jin et al., 2023). Kulemba: agrivoltaics ndi kuyenda kwa dzuwa.
  • Kutentha, osati mphamvu yamagetsi. Kutentha kumapanga pafupifupi theka la kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zadziko lonse lapansi (IEA, Renewables 2019). Mafuta amadzi ndi ma mbale otentha amasunga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi yotsika mtengo kwa milungu ingapo; chigawo cha 100 MWh chinayamba kutulutsa kutentha kwa mzinda wa Pornainen ku Finland mu 2025 (Polar Night Energy). Mafuta a mafuta otentha amatulutsa pafupifupi mayunitsi asanu ndi awiri a kutentha kwa chigawo chilichonse chamagetsi (IEA, 2022). Kutentha kwamadzi ochokera ku mafakitale, ma canals ndi ma data centers akuwonjezeka kwambiri (Forman et al., 2016). Kulemba: madzi ndi kutentha batire, mafuta-source kutentha mabomba ndi kuwonongeka kwa kutentha.
  • Mkuwa womwe kale umayenda. Mafuta a tidal amadziwika zaka zingapo zapitazo; MeyGen array ku Scotland idapita 50 GWh mu 2023. Mapiri, mapiri, ma canals osamalira madzi ndi valves a kuchepetsa mpweya m’madzi onse amayendetsa mphamvu, nthawi zambiri kilowatts okha patsamba, chifukwa chake mtengo wotsika, standard design ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuposa omwe akuphwanya zolemba. Onani: tidal stream, mphamvu ya mafunde ndi Ma hydraulics aying’ono ndi opanda madzi.
  • Mawu otsika. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakula ndi kulemera kwa mpweya, ndipo mafumu a mita zingapo zikwi pamwamba pa dziko lapansi ndi olimba kwambiri komanso okhazikika. Makani a Google adatseka mu 2020 pambuyo pa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, pomwe mabizinesi ang’onoang’ono akupitilizabe kuyesa. Mfundo yabwino pano ayenera kufotokoza kudalirika, osati mphamvu zokha. Kulemba: kutulutsa mphamvu.
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa nthawi yoyenera. Kusintha pamene timadzitentha madzi, kulipira magalimoto ndi kuzizira nyumba ndi “power station” yotsika mtengo kwambiri: United States yekha ali ndi pafupifupi 200 GW ya ndalama zoyenera zofunikira mpaka 2030 (Kukula kwa Brattle, 2019). Zimaphatikizaponso maganizo a pankhani ya mapulogalamu, mitengo ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito m’nyumba. Onani: kufuna kusinthasintha.
Kuwonekera kwa ndege ya malo ogulitsira magalimoto omwe ali ndi masamba ambiri omwe ali pamwamba pamalo ozungulira a solar panels pa chitsulo cha zipatso, pakati pa masamba.
Matenda a dzuwa pamalo oyamba a malo ogulitsira magalimoto ku Natick, Massachusetts: nthaka yomweyo imateteza magalimoto ndikupanga mphamvu. Photo: Stephen Coffrin, US Department of Energy (public domain)

Kodi ndi chiyani chidziwitso cholimba

  1. Mavuto omwe amayambitsa, ndi kwa amene: nyumba ya mzinda, fakitale, fakitale, chigawo popanda gridi.
  2. The physics check. Kodi pali ma watts angati pa mita imodzi yaying’ono, kapena pa thonje, kapena pa liwiro la madzi? Kodi kWh zingati chaka chilichonse? Kuyerekezera kwanthawi kochepa ndi benchmark pamwambapa kumapulumutsa nthawi ya aliyense; David MacKay’s Energy Yokhazikika popanda Hot Air ndi chiwongolero choulere kuti muchite izi mwanzeru.
  3. The mtengo pa kWh, ngakhale ngati zosiyanasiyana zosayenera, ndi zimene ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kuti ayambe kupambana.
  4. Ichi ndi chomwe chiyenera kukhala chowonadi, ndipo chida chabwino kwambiri chomwe chingawonetse kuti sicho.
  5. Amene angakhudze, kuchokera ku nyama zakutchire kuti achibale, ndi mmene inu mungadziwe.

A yabwino mfundo sifunika kukhala bwino. Iyenera kukhala yoyesedwa, ndi yolungama pazomwe zingamutsimikizire kuti ndi yolakwika.

Mabungwe amene amachita ntchitoyi

Mabungwewa omwe sachita ndalama amathandiza kubweretsa mphamvu zoyera komanso zotsika mtengo kwa anthu ndipo amafalitsa zomwe akwaniritsa. Pezani ntchito yawo ndipo, ngati ikukulimbikitsani, ganizirani kuti muwapatse ndalama mogwirizana ndi zomwe mukuchita. Local Solar System Foundation ilibe kugwirizana ndi wina aliyense wa iwo ndipo salandira chilichonse kuchokera kwa iwo. Pambuyo pa kulandira ndalama, werengani zolemba za bungwe lililonse ndi momwe limagwirira ntchito. Zithunzizi pansipa ndi za mabungwe awo.

  • SolarAid (UK registered charity 1115960) imabweretsa maola a dzuwa kwa makolo akudziko la sub-Saharan Africa omwe angagwiritse ntchito kerosene, zipatso kapena zowunikira, mwa njira yake yapadera yothandizira anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu 2.5 miliyoni analandira chithandizo cha mankhwala ndi anthu 13.3 miliyoni adalandira chithandizo cha mankhwala.
  • Solar Sister (US non-profit) imagwira ntchito, kumasulira ndi kuthandizira akazi opanga malonda m’madera ozungulira a sub-Saharan Africa kuti apange bizinesi yogulitsa zowunikira za dzuwa ndi ma cookers oyera kwa mabanja osagwirizana ndi grid.
  • Practical Action (charity yolembetsedwa ku UK 247257) imagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe a m’madera a Afrika, Asia ndi Latin America pakupanga njira zogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wolimbana ndi uchimo, kuphatikizapo kupeza mphamvu zoyera, monga mphamvu zowonjezereka kwa anthu ochokera kumayiko ena.
  • RMI (yokhazikitsidwa mu 1982 monga Rocky Mountain Institute, US non-profit) ndi gulu lopanda phindu la kafukufuku lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe a boma, mabizinesi opanga mphamvu komanso mabizinesi m’mayiko oposa 50 kuti azisintha machitidwe amagetsi kukhala oyera, otsika mtengo.
  • Ember (wosagwirizana ndi wopanda phindu, yemwe adakhazikitsidwa mu 2020) amafalitsa ma data otsegulira aulere pamagetsi a pafupifupi dziko lililonse, kuphatikizapo zambiri za deta m’masamba pamwambapa, kuti aliyense adziwe momwe magwiridwe antchito amasinthira.
Mtsikana wophunzira m’sukulu yapitayo akuyang’ana pansi pa mbale ya dzuwa yofiira yomwe ikuwala m’manja mwake.
M’dziko la Ethiopia, mtsikana wina wa sukulu akungokhala ndi magetsi ake oyamba a dzuwa. Kwa makolo omwe alibe kulumikizana kwa gridi, magetsi a dzuwa ang'onoang'ono angagwiritsidwe ntchito posintha kerosene ndi ma candela. Photo: USAID in Africa (public domain)

Momwe mungathandize

  • Musinthe kugulitsa kwanu kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphamvu zowonjezereka kapena schema yachuma yomwe ikupezeka.
  • Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu pamene ndi yoyera. Kuyendetsa makina otsuka ndi kulipira magalimoto pomwe upepo ndi dzuwa ndi ambiri; ma grids ambiri amafalitsa kuchuluka kwa kaboni panthawi yachidule.
  • Ponya mapaneli pa zitseko. Nyumba, sukulu, supermarkets ndi malo ogulitsira ndi malo otentha omwe ali okonzeka; funsani kachisi wanu ndi mtsogoleri wanu.
  • Save pamaso inu kutulutsa. Insulation ndi ogwira ntchito zothandiza zipangizo kuchepetsa ndalama ndi emissions pa nthawi yomweyo.
  • Apemphani kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa. Funsani wogulitsa mphamvu zanu ndi boma lanu za kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe mumagula.
  • Kuthandiza anthu kuchita ntchito. The mabungwe pamwambapa Kubweretsa magetsi a dzuwa ndi mphamvu zoyera kwa makolo omwe alibe, ndikufalitsa deta yotsegulira komanso kafukufuku; onani zidziwitso zawo ndikupatsa mwachindunji ngati ntchito yawo ikukupangitsani.
  • Titumizireni mfundo zamagetsi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito fomu yopereka ndalama, kusankha Green Initiative, ndipo kufotokoza mfundo zanu ndi zigawo zisanu pamwambapa. Ngati muli ndi ntchito model, kuphatikizapo yake wochuluka output ndi mmene inu anawerengera izo. Opanga, ophunzira ndi akatswiri amasangalalanso kuyankha mafunso ena pa board ya maphunziro.

Zogulitsa ndi kuphunzira zambiri