Izishicilelo zesayensi
Seventeen peer-reviewed studies, all free to read, on what artificial light at night is doing to our skies, our wildlife and our bodies. Chosen by the Light Initiative.
ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, P. Zeidler, E. Sabbi, A. Nota, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb) (CC BY 4.0)
Lezi zincwadi zibhalwe ngabacwaningi abakhululekile, hhayi Local Solar System. Zonke zashicilelwa ngokufinyelela okuvulekile ku Imibiko Yesayensi, ngakho wonke umuntu angazifunda ngokuphelele. Izinhlayiya ezincane ziyizinto zethu; nceda ufunde izincwadi ngaphambi kokuzibiza.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi singazi kanjani ukuthi imini iyaphela. Lokhu futhi kuzoba yindlela esizokwazi ngayo uma ibuyela emuva.
Ukulinganisa izulu
Ukusebenzisa i-photometry ehlukile yezulu lonke ukuphenya ukuthi amafu amnyama amnyama kanjani izulu lebusuku emazweni asembukweni U-Andreas Jechow, u-Franz Hölker no-Christopher C. m Kyba. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 9, 1391 (2019). I-photometry yezulu lonke ngekhamera yomsebenzisi ibonisa ukuthi amafu amnyama kanjani izulu ezindaweni zasendle ezingangeni manzi, ukubeka indawo yokubhekisa kumnyama ojwayelekile.
Ukuthatha isithombe nokudweba izithombe zomphumela wamafu e-skyglow nge-photometry yezulu lonke U-Andreas Jechow, u-Zoltán Kolláth, u-Salvador J. Ribas, Henk Spoelstra, Franz Hölker & Christopher C. m Kyba. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 7, 6741 (2017). Izithombe zendlela amafu athuthukisa ngayo i-skyglow ezindaweni ezincane, usebenzisa i-all-sky photometry emasayithini amaningi.
Ushintsho lokukhanya okungaphandle njengomsebenzi wokwehla kwelanga nokugqwala kwelanga UManuel Spitschan, Geoffrey K. UDavid H. Aguirre Brainard & Alison M. Sweeney. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 6, 26756 (2016). Ilinganisela ukuthi ikhanya yangaphandle ishintsha kanjani ngokwehla kwelanga epaki elimnyama nasePhiladelphia, ithuthukise imodeli yelanga elijwayelekile libe yimini nebusuku.
Izimo ezihlukile zokungcola kwelanga e-Europe ngokuya ngesatellite ebhekene nelanga ngesikhathi sobusuku U-Jonathan Bennie, uThomas W. UJames P. Davies U-Richard Inger no-Kevin J. Duffy Gaston. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 4, 3789 (2014). Izithombe zesathelayithi ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-15 zibonisa ukuthi i-Europe ikhula ngokukhanyayo, kanti ezinye izifundazwe ezithuthukisiwe zikhula zibe mnyama: ukuncipha kungahle kube khona.
Isayensi Yabahlali Inikeza Ulwazi Olubalulekile Lokuhlola Ukukhanya Kwezulu Ngemini Ezweni Lonke uChristopher C. m U-Janna M. Kyba U-Wagner, Helga U. Kuechly, Constance E. UChristopher D. Walker Elvidge, Fabio Falchi, Thomas Ruhtz, Jürgen Fischer & Franz Hölker. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 3, 1835 (2013). I-Naked-eye star counts kusuka ku-GLOBE at Night project yesayensi yomphakathi ilandela ngokucophelela ukubukeka kwezulu okungenziwa futhi ingabheka ushintsho lwesibani emhlabeni wonke.
Isibhakabhaka esihlakaniphile sishintsha izimo ezijwayelekile zesibhakabhaka sesikhathi sobusuku uThomas W. UDavids, uJonathan Bennie, uRichard Inger noKevin J. Gaston. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 3, 1722 (2013). Ukukhanya okungenziwa kwenziwa kushintsha ama-cycles ajwayelekile ekhanyayo kwelanga, kufaka phakathi i-lunar cycle yenyanga, nemiphumela emibi kuma-ecosystems.
Izilwane
Isikhashana sokukhanya sikhulu kakhulu ngaphakathi kwezintaba-mlilo ezihamba ngezikhathi zobusuku emhlabeni wonke U-Sergio A. I-Jaclyn A. Cabrera-Cruz U-Smolinsky no-Jeffrey J. Buler. Izibikezelo Zobusayensi 8, 3261 (2018). Uthuli lwesibhakabhaka lunamandla kakhulu ezindaweni lapho izinhlanzi ezihamba ngezikhathi zobusuku zidlula khona ngesikhathi sokuhamba, isigaba esibalulekile seminyaka yabo.
i-GPS tracking for mapping seabird mortality induced by light pollution Airam Rodríguez, Beneharo Rodríguez & Juan J. Izindaba Zobudokotela 5, 10670 (2015). Ukulandelela kwe-GPS kwezintaka ze-Cory’s shearwater eTenerife kubonisa ukuthi izilwane zaselwandle ezincane ziyindawo yokukhanya okungenziwa ngesandla ngesikhathi sokuqala sokundiza.
Ukudla kwasolwandle
Isibani Esihleliwe Ngemini Sikhuthaza Umsebenzi Ngobusuku Bonke Ekuzalweni Kwezingulube Ezijwayelekile (Apus apus) Eran Amichai & Noga Kronfeld-Schor. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 9, 11052 (2019). Ukukhanya okungenziwa nsuku zonke kugcine izilwane eziphilayo zisebenza yonke izinsuku.
Isibani esimhlophe se-LED sivimbela ukuthuthukiswa nokugqwala kwe-xanthophore kwe-embryo ye-zebrafish I-A.C.M., i-A.C.M., i-A.C.M., i-A.C.M., i-A.C.M., i-A.C.M., i-A.C.M., i-A.C.M. Ata Alturfan & Ebru Emekli-Alturfan. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 9, 10810 (2019). Ukukhanya kwe-LED okumhlophe kusheshisa ukukhula nokugqwala kwezitho zangaphakathi ze-zebrafish.
Ingxolo eyenziwe ngabantu kodwa hhayi ukukhanya kuhlobene ne-ecophysiology yezinhlanzi eziphilayo UThomas Raap, uRianne Pinxten, uGiulia Casasole, uNina Dehnhard noMarcel Eens. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 7, 2754 (2017). Kulezi zilwane ezincane, umsindo wemoto kodwa hhayi ukukhanya kuhlobene nobuhlungu bengqondo. Ingxenye ebalulekile: hhayi yonke imiphumela ibangela ukukhanya.
Isikhashana sokukhanya sithinta ukuphumula kwezilwane eziphilayo UThomas Raap, uRianne Pinxten noMarcel Eens. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 5, 13557 (2015). Izingulube ezinkulu eziboshwe ku-LED light ngehora lokuphumula zavuka kuqala futhi zalala kancane: isivivinyo esiqondile sokuthi ukukhishwa kwelanga kuthinta ukuhlala kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
I-Ocean
Isibalo se-spectral kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwendawo kokulimala kwelanga emazingeni olwandle lwasenyakatho lweGolfu laseAqaba (Eilat) U-Raz Tamir, u-Amit Lerner, u-Carynelisa Haspel, u-Zvy Dubinsky no-David Iluz. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 7, 42329 (2017). Ukulinganisa okukuqala kwelanga elikhiqizwe ngamanzi eduze komzi, kwatholakala ku-30 m emifuleni yeqhwa leGulf of Aqaba.
Ukunakekelwa kwempilo
Izinzuzo eziningi zemvelo ezitholakala nge-diodes ekhipha ukukhanya ngokushisa okuphansi kwemibala, ezisekelwe emthonjeni wokukhanya ojwayelekile ngaphakathi U-Jiaqi Lin, u-Xingwei Ding, u-Can Hong, u-Yulian Pang, u-Liming Chen, u-Quanwen Liu, u-Xu Zhang, u-Hongbo Xin no-Xiaolei Wang. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 9, 7560 (2019). Ikhombisa izinzuzo zemvelo zokukhanya kwe-LED okuphansi kombala okushisayo ngaphakathi, uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhanya okubandayo.
Izijikelezo zesikhashana sokukhanya kufanelekile ukuletha nokulondoloza i-circadian locomotor rhythms eDrosophila U-Eunjoo Cho, u-Ji Hye Oh, u-Euna Lee, u-Young Rag Do no-Eun Young Kim. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 6, 37784 (2016). Ukusetshenziswa kwesilinganiso esibizwa ngokuthi yi-circadian illumination, ibonisa ukuthi izilwane eziphilayo ezikhula emhlabathini zisebenzisa ama-LEDs akhethekile angaba nelanga elincane kakhulu lokungqubuzana nohlelo lwesimiso sengqondo.
Isifo sikaParkinson, ama-Lights nama-Melanocytes: Ukubheka Ngaphesheya kweRetina u-Gregory L. Willis, Cleo Moore & Stuart Maxwell Armstrong. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 4, 3921 (2014). Iphepha eliphakamisa ama-linki phakathi kwelanga, isikhumba se-melanocytes nesifo sikaParkinsons ngaphandle kwemehlo. I-hypothesis ngaphezu kwemiphumela eqinisekisiwe.
Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kunciphisa ama-neuron we-TH-positive dopamine: izinzuzo zokungcola kwelanga empilweni yesifo seParkinson Stefania Romeo, Cristina Viaggi, Daniela Di Camillo, Allison W. Willis, Luca Lozzi, Cristina Rocchi, Marta Capannolo, Gabriella Aloisi, Francesca Vaglini, Rita Maccarone, Matteo Caleo, Cristina Missale, Brad A. U-Giovanni U. Racette Corsini & Roberto Maggio. Izibikezelo Zobudokotela 3, 1395 (2013). Kuzinhlanzi, ukukhanya okuqhubekayo okukhanyayo kunciphisa ama-neuron we-dopamine; ababhali babikezela ukuhambisana okungaphambili phakathi kokukhanya kwezulu nokusakazeka kwezifo zeParkinson.
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