Iincwadi zeSayensi
Iinkqubo ezilishumi elinambini ezivavanywe ngabanye, zonke zikhululekileyo ukufunda, malunga nokuba yintoni eyenza ukukhanya okuzenzekelayo ngobusuku kukwenza izulu lethu, ubomi bendalo kunye nemizimba yethu.
ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, P. Zeidler, E. Sabbi, A. Nota, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb) (CC BY 4.0)
ezibhalwe ngabaphandi abazimeleyo, hayi yi Local Solar System Foundation. Zonke zapapashwa zifumaneka ngokukhululekileyo kwi IiNgxelo zeSayensi, ngoko ke wonke umntu angazifunda ngokupheleleyo. Iinkcukacha ezimfutshane ziye zethu; nceda ufunde iincwadi ngokwazo phambi kokuba uzibhale.
Isifundo sithetha ukuba siyazi njani ukuba ubusuku buphela. Leyo nayo indlela esiyazi ngayo xa ibuyela.
Ukulinganisa izulu
Ukusebenzisa i-photometry ehlukileyo yezulu lonke ukuvavanya ukuba amafu amnyama amnyama njani ilanga lemini kwiindawo zasendle Andreas Jechow, Franz Hölker & Christopher C. M I-Kyba. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 9, 1391 (2019). Uvavanyo lwefotometric lwesibhakabhaka sonke ngekhamera yomsebenzisi ibonisa ukuba amafu amnyama njani isibhakabhaka kwindawo ezingenamanzi zasendle, ukubeka indawo yokubhekisa kumnyama oqhelekileyo.
Ukwenza imifanekiso kunye nokuyila imaphu yefuthe lamafu kwi-skyglow ngefotometri yezulu lonke Andreas Jechow, Zoltán Kolláth, Salvador J. I-Ribas, i-Henk Spoelstra, uFranz Hölker & noChristopher C. M I-Kyba. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 7, 6741 (2017). Iimaphu zibonisa indlela amafu akhupha ngayo ilanga elikhanyayo ecaleni kwemijikelo, usebenzisa uvavanyo lwefotometric lwesibhakabhaka lonke kwiindawo ezininzi.
Utshintsho lokukhanya kwangaphandle njengomsebenzi wokukhupha kwelanga nokutshatyalaliswa kokukhanya UManuel Spitschan, Geoffrey K. UDavid H. Aguirre Brainard & Alison M. Sweeney. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 6, 26756 (2016). Ilinganisela indlela ilanga elingaphandle litshintsha ngayo ngokukhupha kwelanga kwigadi emnyama nasePhiladelphia, liqhubela phambili imodeli yelanga eliqhelekileyo lemini ukuya kubusuku obumnyama nobusuku.
Iindlela ezichaphazelayo zokutshatyalaliswa kwelanga eYuropu ngokusekwe kwisatellite ebonisiweyo yelanga U-Jonathan Bennie, uThomas W. Davies, James P. Duffy, Richard Inger & Kevin J. Gaston. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 4, 3789 (2014). Imifanekiso yesatellite ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-15 ibonisa ukuba iYuropu ibonakala ikhanya ngakumbi, ngelixa ezinye iindawo eziphuhlisiweyo zibonakala zimnyama: ukuncipha kunokuthi kubekho.
ISizwe seSayensi sibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zokulinganisa ukukhanya kwelanga ngobusuku kwihlabathi liphela Christopher C. M Kyba, Janna M. Wagner, Helga U. Kuechly, Constance E. Walker, Christopher D. Elvidge, Fabio Falchi, Thomas Ruhtz, Jürgen Fischer & Franz Hölker. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 3, 1835 (2013). Iinkwenkwezi ezibala ngamehlo avulekileyo kwi-GLOBE ngobusuku iprojekthi yobunzululwazi bomphakathi ilandelela ukukhanya kwelanga okungenziwa ngumntu ngokusondeleyo kwaye ingajonga utshintsho lokukhanya emhlabeni jikelele.
Isibane esiyenziweyo sitshintsha inkqubo yendalo yokukhanya kwelanga ngexesha lobusuku Thomas W. UDavids, uJonathan Bennie, uRichard Inger & Kevin J. Gaston. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 3, 1722 (2013). Ilanga eliyenziweyo litshintsha imijikelezo eqhelekileyo yokukhanya kwelanga, kubandakanya umjikelo wenyanga ngenyanga, kunye neziphumo kwinkqubo yendalo.
Iintaka
Uthuli olukhanyayo lukhulu kakhulu ngaphakathi kweendawo zokufuduka kwezityalo ezihamba ngemini emhlabeni jikelele Sergio A. Cabrera-Cruz, Jaclyn A. Smolinsky & Jeffrey J. Buler. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 8, 3261 (2018). Ukukhanya kokutshabalalisa kunamandla kakhulu kumaphondo apho iintlanzi ezihamba ngemini zidlula khona ngexesha lokuhamba, inqanaba elibalulekileyo leminyaka yabo.
Ukulandela ngeGPS ukuchonga kwimaphu ukufa kweentaka zaselwandle okubangela umonakalo wokukhanya Airam Rodríguez, Beneharo Rodríguez & Juan J. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 5, 10670 (2015). Ukulandela ngeGPS kweekati ezincinci zeCory’s shearwater kwiTenerife kubonisa ukuba iintlanzi zaselwandle zibekwe phantsi ngokukhanya okungenziwayo ngexesha lokuhamba kwazo lokuqala.
Iindawo
Isibane esiyenziweyo ngemini sikhuthaza imisebenzi yonke imini ekufumaneni iziqhamo eziqhelekileyo (i-Apus apus) Eran Amichai & Noga Kronfeld-Schor. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 9, 11052 (2019). Iilanga eziyenziweyo ngobusuku zagcina izityalo eziqhelekileyo ze-swifts zisebenza yonke imini.
Ukukhanya kwe-LED okuMhlophe kuthintela ukuphuhliswa nombala we-xanthophore kwi-embryo ye-zebrafish I-UNWTO ifuna ukuba u-A. Ata Alturfan & Ebru Emekli-Alturfan. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 9, 10810 (2019). Ii-LED ezimhlophe zikhawulezisa ukukhula kunye nokuqaqamba kwesikhumba kwiintlanzi zezebra.
Ingxolo ejikelezayo eyenziwe ngabantu kodwa hayi ukukhanya kudityaniswa nenkqubo yengqondo yokuphila kweekati eziphilayo UThomas Raap, uRianne Pinxten, uGiulia Casasole, uNina Dehnhard & uMarcel Eens. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 7, 2754 (2017). Kwiintlanzi ezincinci ze-tit, intshukumo yesandi kodwa hayi ukukhanya kwadityaniswa noxinzelelo lwengqondo. Inqaku elisebenzayo lokuchaphazela: akukho sizathu ngasinye esibangela ukukhanya.
Ukukhanya kothuli kubangela ukuphumla kwezilwane eziphilayo ngokukhululekileyo UThomas Raap, uRianne Pinxten noMarcel Eens. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 5, 13557 (2015). Iintaka ezikhulu ezichaphazelekayo yi-LED ngobusuku zivuka kuqala kwaye zilala kancinci: isizathu esicacileyo sokuba uthuli lwelanga luchaphazela ukuphumla kwezilwane eziphilayo.
Iilwandle
Ukwahlula-hlula kweemitha kunye nendawo yothuli olukhanyayo kumalwandle eGolf yaseAqaba (iEilat) URaz Tamir, uAmit Lerner, uCarynelisa Haspel, uZvy Dubinsky noDavid Iluz. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 7, 42329 (2017). Uvavanyo lokuqala lwesibane esiyenziweyo phantsi kwamanzi ecaleni komzi, safunyanwa ezantsi kwi-30 m kwimilambo yeentlanzi ezincinci zeGolf yaseAqaba.
Unyango
Iinzuzo ezininzi zendalo zokukhanya okuveliswa zii-diodes eziphezulu zeqondo lobushushu eliphantsi lemibala esekelwe kumzi mveliso oqhelekileyo wokukhanya ngaphakathi Jiaqi Lin, Xingwei Ding, Can Hong, Yulian Pang, Liming Chen, Quanwen Liu, Xu Zhang, Hongbo Xin & Xiaolei Wang. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 9, 7560 (2019). Ixela izibonelelo zendalo zokukhanya kwe-LED okuphantsi kombala obandayo ngaphakathi, xa kuthelekiswa nokukhanya okupholileyo.
Iindlela zokukhanya kwemini nemini zilungile ukutsala nokugcina iimvakalelo zemoto yemini nemini kwi-Drosophila Eunjoo Cho, Ji Hye Oh, Euna Lee, Young Rag Do & Eun Young Kim. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 6, 37784 (2016). Ukusetyenziswa komlinganiselo obizwa ngokuba yi-circadian illumination, ibonisa kwiintaka zembewu ukuba ii-LED ezikhethekileyo ziyakwazi ukuqaqambisa ubusuku ngokungxamisekileyo okuncinci kumhlaza wenyama.
Umhlaza weParkinson, iinkwenkwezi kunye neeseli zemelanocytes: Ukujonga ngaphandle kwe-retina Gregory L. Willis, Cleo Moore & Stuart Maxwell Armstrong. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 4, 3921 (2014). Iphepha elicebisa unxibelelwano phakathi kokukhanya, imelanocytes yesikhumba kunye nesifo seParkinsons ngaphandle kwengqondo. I-hypothesis kunokuba yi-result emiselweyo.
Ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kunyusa i-TH-positive dopamine neurons: iziphumo zothuli lwelanga kwinkqubo yobhubhane wesifo seParkinson Stefania Romeo, Cristina Viaggi, Daniela Di Camillo, Allison W. U-Willis, u-Luca Lozzi, u-Cristina Rocchi, u-Marta Capannolo, u-Gabriella Aloisi, u-Francesca Vaglini, u-Rita Maccarone, u-Matteo Caleo, u-Cristina Missale, u-Brad A. Racette, Giovanni U. I-Corsini & Roberto Maggio. IiNgxelo zeSayensi 3, 1395 (2013). Kwiintaka, ukukhanya okuqhubekayo okuqaqambileyo kunyusa i-dopamine neurons; ababhali baxela ukuba kukho ubudlelwane obuphambili phakathi kokukhanya kwelanga nokusasazeka kwesifo seParkinson.
Uyazi uvavanyo oluya apha? Nceda ucebise nge ibhodi yokunikwa ingqalelo.