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Venus

Earth's neighbour, similar in size, wrapped in a crushing carbon dioxide atmosphere.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

Earth’s twin in size, and the hottest planet in the solar system.

A radar view of the volcano Maat Mons on Venus.
Maat Mons on Venus, rebuilt from Magellan radar data (heights exaggerated). Credit: NASA/JPL

Venus is almost Earth’s twin in size and mass, but its thick carbon dioxide atmosphere creates a runaway greenhouse effect. The surface pressure is about 92 times Earth’s and the mean temperature about 464 °C, hotter than Mercury.

It rotates backwards (retrograde) and very slowly: one rotation takes 243 Earth days, longer than its 225-day year. Seen from Earth it is the brightest object in the night sky after the Moon.

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